Technology non-use or active resistance towards technology is a pertinent issue in Human Computer Interaction, especially when we contemplate the ongoing changes regarding the concept of usability. By combining Theory of Practice and Theory of Materiality with Theory of Affect this thesis explores the resistance towards online streaming music technology among music enthusiasts devoted to vintage Vinyl music culture and also takes an effort to understand any possible effect of this voluntary non-use on the digital music industry. Qualitative research analysis is employed on ten in-depth semi structured interviews showing that material aspects and nostalgia, create an individualistic image and passion for record collection; furthermore, these aspects play a role behind the choice of non-use of online music technology.

This thesis presents a novel table top hand rehabilitation device. The purpose for creating this device is to assist therapists in treatment of hand after injury. Injuries to the hand are common and can be very debilitating since our hands are our primary means for interacting with our world. The device is capable of independently mobilizing the metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP) and proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) in the fingers of the hand, and recording their motion. The device is capable of moving either joint through a range of 0° to 90°, and can be used for either the left or right hand. In the Continuous Passive Motion (CPM) mode, the device moves the MCP and PIP joints through a trajectory that approximates healthy hand motion, known as the minimum jerk model. This is done using a Proportional Integral Differential (PID) controller, which compares the actual position of the device to the desired minimum jerk trajectory. The trajectory following of the minimum jerk model was found to be successful with a maximum error of only 1.46° in the MCP joint and 2.10° in the PIP joint across all trials with injured participants with an average error of 0.11° and 0.14° for the MCP and PIP joints respectively. The device also incorporated various user-friendly features such as user-defined maximum permitted torque, range of motion limits, speed control, and visual feedback. A survey of the participant’s perceived comfort, safety, smoothness and passivity produced positive results. The average responses of the injured hand participants to questions of perceived Comfort, safety and Smoothness were above 9 out of 10 for each question. The average increases in ROM for the active extension of the MCP joint and the PIP joint were 3.3° and 3.2° respectively. The average increases in ROM for the flexion of the MCP joint and the PIP joint were 8.9° and 7.2° respectively. This is a sign that the device has an effect on the participant even if this effect can not be shown to last beyond the one hour session. It will require further testing with a long term group of participants and a control group to determine if this is a lasting effect and if the device is ready for clinical use. The active resistance and haptic modes are both operational but require additional work to increase smoothness and stability before testing can begin.

Submitted by Cristiano Amaral (cristiano.ab.castro@gmail.com) on 2018-03-22T19:12:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE CRISTIANO AMARAL Final.pdf: 3722353 bytes, checksum: 7441768901a6b92171fb0a12d72bc78c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Debora Nunes Ferreira (debora.nunes@fgv.br) on 2018-03-23T16:49:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE CRISTIANO AMARAL Final.pdf: 3722353 bytes, checksum: 7441768901a6b92171fb0a12d72bc78c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-03-23T17:43:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE CRISTIANO AMARAL Final.pdf: 3722353 bytes, checksum: 7441768901a6b92171fb0a12d72bc78c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-23T17:43:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE CRISTIANO AMARAL Final.pdf: 3722353 bytes, checksum: 7441768901a6b92171fb0a12d72bc78c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / The Diffusion of Innovation literature is based on well succeeded products and present a pro-change bias, an assumption that innovations are positive and will be adopted by all consumers. However, a large portion of new products fail and those that do not fail are not promptly adopted, indicating that consumers’ natural response to innovations is resistance. Despite its relevance to both researchers and managers, little research has been conducted toward a deeper understanding of consumers’ resistance to innovation. The extant literature presents two types of resistance, Passive Innovation Resistance (PIR) which is the antecedent of Active Innovation Resistance (AIR). Notwithstanding the indications that affect plays a major role in consumers’ decision-making process, mostly cognitive factors are listed as antecedents of both. Thus, the studies herein aim to evaluate the impact of affect on consumers’ resistance to innovation. In a series of studies based on structural modelling, it is presented here indications of the moderating role of affective state in the relationship between PIR and AIR, as well as of the existence of both cognitive and affective active resistance to innovation. Considering both forms of AIR yields higher explanatory and predictive power as to intention to adopt that considering only the cognitive form of AIR, which is the prevailing understanding of AIR in the literature. Also, the affective form of AIR alone is shown to provide better results that the cognitive form alone. / A literatura de Difusão da Inovação baseia-se em inovações bem-sucedidas e apresenta um viés pró- mudança, uma premissa de que inovações são positivas e serão adotadas por todos os consumidores. No entanto, uma grande parcela de novos produtos falha ao ser lançada no mercado e aqueles que não falham não são prontamente adotados por todos os consumidores, o que indica que a resposta natural do consumidor às inovações é a resistência. Apesar de sua importância tanto para pesquisadores quanto para gerentes, poucas pesquisas foram realizadas objetivando um melhor entendimento da resistência do consumidor à inovação. A literatura existente apresenta dois tipos de resistência: a Resistência Passiva à Inovação que é antecedente à Resistência Ativa à Inovação. Desconsiderando as indicações de que afeto possui um papel importante no processo decisório do consumidor, os fatores apresentados como antecedentes dos dois tipos de resistência são predominantemente cognitivos. Assim, a pesquisa aqui apresentada possui o objetivo de avaliar o impacto do afeto na resistência do consumidor à inovação. Em uma série de estudos baseados em equações estruturais, são apresentadas indicações de que afeto possui um papel moderador na relação entre Resistência Passiva e Resistência Ativa à Inovação, assim como acerca da existência de Resistência Ativa Cognitiva e Resistência Ativa Afetiva à Inovação. Considerando-se ambas formas de resistência ativa, obtêm-se maior poder explicativo e preditivo quanto à intenção de adotar a inovação por parte do consumidor do que se obtém utilizando-se apenas a forma cognitiva de resistência ativa, que é a dominante na literatura. Além disso, é demonstrado que a Resistência Ativa Afetiva por si só apresenta melhores resultados que a Resistência Ativa Cognitiva.

Bakgrund och problemområde: Organisationer påverkas i stor utsträckning av globaliseringen och den tekniska utvecklingen, något som inte är ett undantag för tillverkningsindustrisektorn. Detta kräver att organisationer ständigt behöver utvecklas för att hålla sig konkurrenskraftiga på marknaden. Men något som också kan skapas i och med de ständiga förändringarna är ett växande förändringsmotstånd. Medarbetares förändringsmotstånd kan ha förödande konsekvenser. Men är det verkligen själva motståndet som är problemet, kan det inte vara så att det orsakas av något annat? För att förstå förändringsmotståndet och att det i sig kanske inte är det verkliga problemet skapas kunskap om orsaken till att förändringsmotståndet uppstår. Även vilket stöd organisationen kan bidra med vid förändringsarbeten.. Förändringsmotstånd kan yttra sig på olika sätt och det finns olika orsaker till dess uppkomst. Syfte: Syftet med rapporten är att öka kunskapen om orsakerna till medarbetares förändringsmotstånd och hur motståndet ser ut på ett av Sveriges största tillverkningsföretag. En ökad kunskap kring förändringsmotstånd i olika kontexter kan bidra till att förstå hur oönskat motstånd kan förebyggas.  Problemformulering:● Vilka former av förändringsmotstånd upplevde medarbetarna vid enorganisationsförändring och vad var orsaken till motståndet? o Vilken möjlighet för stöttning av organisationen finns för medarbetaren vid förändringsarbeten? Metod: I studien har det använts en kvalitativ metod för att öka kunskapen kring medarbetarnas perspektiv på förändringsmotstånd. Det har genomförts tio semistrukturerade intervjuer med medarbetare som är mellanchefer på Företag X i tillverkningsindustrisektorn. Slutsats: Bland de olika reaktionerna är det känslomässigt motstånd som varit starkast. I de flesta fallen har motståndet varit passivt eller ambivalent, det vill säga att det handlat om negativa tankar och känslor. Samtidigt är en majoritet av motståndet omedvetet, det vill säga att de som har ett motstånd själva inte vet om det eller antar sig ha det. Hur förändringsmotståndet yttrar sig antas bero på vad orsaken till motståndet bottnar sig i. Psykologiska orsaker till motstånd var det som visat sig tydligast. Att vara mellanchef verkar till viss del påverka hur motståndet uttrycker sig då de har mer insyn och inflytande i organisationen. Undersökningen kom fram till att medarbetarna inte upplevde sig behöva något ytterligare stöd vid förändringsprocessen då de redan kände sig tillfreds med den stöttning de hade i form av en god kommunikation och relation till sin närmsta chef. / Problem background: Organizations are greatly affected by globalization and technological development, which is not an exception for the manufacturing industry sector. This requires that organizations constantly need to develop in order to remain competitive in the market. A phenomenon that can be created as an impact of constant changes within an organization is a growing resistance to change. Employee resistance to change can have devastating consequences. But is it really the resistance itself that is the problem, couldn't it be caused by something else? In order to understand the resistance to change and that it may not in itself be the real problem, knowledge is created about the reason why the resistance to change arises. Also, what support the organization can contribute to when changes in the workplace are taking place. Resistance to change can manifest itself in different ways and there are different reasons for its emergence. Purpose: The purpose of the report is to increase knowledge about the reasons for employee resistance to change and what the resistance looks like at one of Sweden's largest manufacturing companies. An increased knowledge of resistance to change in different contexts can contribute to understanding how unwanted resistance can be prevented. Research question:● What forms of resistance to change did the employees experience during an organizational change and what was the reason for the resistance?o What opportunity for support from the organization is there for the employee during organizational change? Method: In this study, a qualitative method was used to increase knowledge about the employees' perspective on resistance to change. Ten semi-structured interviews have been conducted with employees who are middle managers at Company X in the manufacturing industry sector. Conclusion: Among the different reactions, it is the emotional resistance that has been the strongest. In most cases, the resistance has been passive or ambivalent, that is to say, it has been about negative thoughts and feelings. At the same time, a majority of the resistance is unconscious, that is, those who themselves have a resistance do not know about it or assume that they have it. How the resistance to change manifests itself is assumed to depend on what the cause of the resistance is rooted in. Psychological reasons for resistance were the most clearly demonstrated. Being a middle manager seems to some extent to influence how the resistance expresses itself as they have more visibility and influence in the organization. The survey concluded that the employees did not feel they needed any additional support during the change process as they already felt satisfied with the support they had in the form of good communication and a good relationship with their immediate supervisor. / <p>Externt samarbete med ett anonymt tillverkningsföretag.</p>