The purpose of the study is two-fold: (1) to determine a sound basis for the administration of extra-curricular activities in a secondary school and (2) to evaluate practices and procedures of forty high school administrators in administering extra-curricular activities to determine the extent to which they meet accepted criteria in the field.

The relationships between participation in structured leisure (SL) activities (e.g., sports, prosocial activities) and adolescent adjustment were investigated. SL activities have been associated with various developmental benefits but there has been a limited number of studies that have investigated the potential negative aspects of participation. Questionnaire data were collected from 210 boys and girls (between grades 10 and 12). Fourteen students participated in focus groups to obtain a phenomenological perspective on SL participation. Adjustment variables included a well-being composite (comprised of depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and life satisfaction), a school orientation composite (comprised of students levels of school involvement and their values regarding school), academic achievement, and self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism. Three hypotheses were examined. First, it was predicted that there would be a curvilinear relationship between the extent of SL participation and the various adjustment variables. Second, aspects of play and leisure were expected to have moderating effects on the relationships between SL participation and outcomes. Third, aspects of perfectionism were hypothesized to play a moderating role on the relationship between SL and adolescent adjustment. <p>Although the present investigation yielded some insightful observations about participation in SL activities, the results provided no direct support for the hypotheses. Regression analyses indicated positive relationships between SL participation and self-oriented perfectionism, and SL participation and academic achievement. Negative relationships were found between the degree of playfulness in SL activities and socially prescribed perfectionism, and between academic achievement and global intrinsic leisure motivation. Notable focus group themes included a distinction between the fun experienced in SL activities and the fun experienced in nonstructured contexts, significant positive and negative experiences related to SL participation, and differences and similarities between the SL context and other contexts such as school. It is argued that leisure theory can contribute to a better understanding of the developmental implications of SL participation and that the relationship between SL participation and perfectionism merits further investigation.

The relationships between participation in structured leisure (SL) activities (e.g., sports, prosocial activities) and adolescent adjustment were investigated. SL activities have been associated with various developmental benefits but there has been a limited number of studies that have investigated the potential negative aspects of participation. Questionnaire data were collected from 210 boys and girls (between grades 10 and 12). Fourteen students participated in focus groups to obtain a phenomenological perspective on SL participation. Adjustment variables included a well-being composite (comprised of depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and life satisfaction), a school orientation composite (comprised of students levels of school involvement and their values regarding school), academic achievement, and self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism. Three hypotheses were examined. First, it was predicted that there would be a curvilinear relationship between the extent of SL participation and the various adjustment variables. Second, aspects of play and leisure were expected to have moderating effects on the relationships between SL participation and outcomes. Third, aspects of perfectionism were hypothesized to play a moderating role on the relationship between SL and adolescent adjustment. <p>Although the present investigation yielded some insightful observations about participation in SL activities, the results provided no direct support for the hypotheses. Regression analyses indicated positive relationships between SL participation and self-oriented perfectionism, and SL participation and academic achievement. Negative relationships were found between the degree of playfulness in SL activities and socially prescribed perfectionism, and between academic achievement and global intrinsic leisure motivation. Notable focus group themes included a distinction between the fun experienced in SL activities and the fun experienced in nonstructured contexts, significant positive and negative experiences related to SL participation, and differences and similarities between the SL context and other contexts such as school. It is argued that leisure theory can contribute to a better understanding of the developmental implications of SL participation and that the relationship between SL participation and perfectionism merits further investigation.

In cities throughout Africa, domestic water is widely used for small businesses. The amount of water used depends on the size of the business and the individuals involved in these businesses are mostly women. However, many of these businesses do not have a direct connection to the city’s water network and the business owners often travel a far distance to purchase water at high prices. To explore this problem, the research titled “Analysis of Domestic Water Use for Livelihood Activities among the Poor in Alajo and Sabon Zongo Communities of Accra, Ghana” was undertaken. The main objectives of the study were two-fold: to measure the extent of domestic water use for livelihood purposes by both men and women in sub-urban communities of Accra and its contribution to their livelihoods, and enhance access of poor women to water to improve their water-dependent livelihoods and thus reduce poverty in Accra. The study also addressed issues relating to health and sanitation and explained that poor water quality in this community is as a result of damaged pipes and dirty storage tanks. The study was carried out using qualitative approach of investigation: interviewing, focus group discussions (FGDs), and direct observation. Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze data collected. The study found that income generated from water related businesses contribute either all or more than half of the household income of water-related business operators. Water prices in these communities are ten times the regulated prices charged by the water utility, which have great impact on the profit margins of these small businesses and are often the stronghold of women. The highest level of education attained by most of the water related business owners is Junior Secondary School (Grade 8), which gives a basis for the explanation of their low income and high poverty levels. The study posed some recommendations including the possibility of government’s provision of water to every household in the communities. Furthermore, the implication of this recommendation was discussed, as it eliminates the business of water sellers and obstructs the income generated to support their households. Other livelihood activities that can be carried out by these water-related business owners were stated to include internet café business, grocery store operation, and boutique store operation. Certain limitations of this study have also been identified as its scope was limited to some extent. Areas of further research have also been identified.

Syftet med detta arbete är att öka förståelsen för hur kärnprocesser kan förbättra lagerhållningen i ett företag. Genom att först kartlägga vilka företagets kärn- och stödprocesser är och sedan undersöka hur kärnprocesserna påverkar lagerhållningen kan syftet uppnås. Därmed besvaras problematiseringsfrågan som är följande; På vilka sätt kan lagerhållningen, genom identifiering av kärnprocesserna förbättras på ett företag med E-handel? Arbetet har genomförts på ett av koncernen Nordic E-Commerce Groups dotterbolag, Nordic Inc som är ett E-handelsföretag som säljer bläckpatroner och kontorsmaterial till både företag och privatpersoner. Inledningsvis genomfördes en kartläggning av Nordic Incs processer genom observationer och intervjuer med koncernens VD. När kartläggningen var sammanställd visade det sig att de kärnprocesser som fanns på Nordic Inc var Lager, Inköp och Kundservice. Dessa behandlades sedan mer ingående genom intervjuer med cheferna för varje kärnprocess för att se hur kärnprocesserna påverkar lagerhållningen. Det visade sig vara på sådant sätt att kundservice inte påverkar lagerhållningen på något sätt. Snarare tvärt om då kundservice blir lidande på grund utav den bristande lagerhållningen. Tillvägagångssätten på lagret påverkar lagerhållningen genom bristande artikelplacering, svårtillgänglighet, bristande kontroll över lagersaldo och artiklarnas skick. Vilket i sin tur påverkar kostnader för inventarier och personal. Inköp är den kärnprocess som påverkar lagerhållningen mest då beslut som tas i inköpsprocessen återspeglas i den bristande lagerhållningen. / The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of how primary activities can improve the inventory management in an E-commerce company. By first identifying the company's primary and support activities, and then exam how the primary activities affect the inventory management, the purpose is achieved and the thesis question can be answered which is; By identifying the primary activities, in what ways could the inventory management be improved in an E-commerce company? The study has been carried out at Nordic E-commerce Group’s affiliate Nordic Inc. The affiliate is an E-commerce company that sells ink cartridges and office supplies to both businesses and individuals. Initially, the different processes of Nordic Inc.’s were found through observations and interviews with the CEO. When the analyze of the processes was completed, the primary activities found at Nordic Inc were inventory in the warehouse, purchasing and customer service. These were then processed thoroughly, by interviews with the managers of each activity to discover how each one effect the inventory management. The results showed that customer service does not affect inventory in any way. Instead the opposite could be found as customer service is suffering because of inventory. The approaches when working with inventory affect the inventory management through a lacking article placement, inaccessibility, lack of control over stock levels and the condition of articles. This in turn affects the cost of products and personnel. Purchase is the primary activity that affects inventory the most, as the decisions taken in the purchasing process are reflected in inventory.

In cities throughout Africa, domestic water is widely used for small businesses. The amount of water used depends on the size of the business and the individuals involved in these businesses are mostly women. However, many of these businesses do not have a direct connection to the city’s water network and the business owners often travel a far distance to purchase water at high prices. To explore this problem, the research titled “Analysis of Domestic Water Use for Livelihood Activities among the Poor in Alajo and Sabon Zongo Communities of Accra, Ghana” was undertaken. The main objectives of the study were two-fold: to measure the extent of domestic water use for livelihood purposes by both men and women in sub-urban communities of Accra and its contribution to their livelihoods, and enhance access of poor women to water to improve their water-dependent livelihoods and thus reduce poverty in Accra. The study also addressed issues relating to health and sanitation and explained that poor water quality in this community is as a result of damaged pipes and dirty storage tanks. The study was carried out using qualitative approach of investigation: interviewing, focus group discussions (FGDs), and direct observation. Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze data collected. The study found that income generated from water related businesses contribute either all or more than half of the household income of water-related business operators. Water prices in these communities are ten times the regulated prices charged by the water utility, which have great impact on the profit margins of these small businesses and are often the stronghold of women. The highest level of education attained by most of the water related business owners is Junior Secondary School (Grade 8), which gives a basis for the explanation of their low income and high poverty levels. The study posed some recommendations including the possibility of government’s provision of water to every household in the communities. Furthermore, the implication of this recommendation was discussed, as it eliminates the business of water sellers and obstructs the income generated to support their households. Other livelihood activities that can be carried out by these water-related business owners were stated to include internet café business, grocery store operation, and boutique store operation. Certain limitations of this study have also been identified as its scope was limited to some extent. Areas of further research have also been identified.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [46]-51).

Thesis (M. Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 112-115).

Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-115). Also available in print.

It is the purpose of this study to discover and report educationally sound practices of activity financing and administration, with special emphasis placed on accounting. This investigation will attempt to disclose present-day common practices in financing the activities and accounting in regard to activity finances, and where advisable to make recommendations to secure more adequate procedures.