Personal learning environments (PLEs) aim at putting the learner central stage and comprise a technological approach towards learning tools, services, and artifacts gathered from various usage contexts and to be used by learners. Due to the varying technical skills and competences of PLE users, recommendations appear to be useful for empowering learners to set up their environments so that they can connect to learner networks and collaborate on shared artifacts by using the tools available. In this paper we examine different recommender strategies on their applicability in PLE settings. After reviewing different techniques given by literature and experimenting with our prototypic PLE solution we come to the conclusion to start with an item-based strategy and extend it with model-based and iterative techniques for generating recommendations for PLEs. (author's abstract)

Os líquidos iônicos são uma das principais apostas para revolucionar a química no século XXI. Em geral, apresentam propriedades como baixa pressão de vapor, alta estabilidade térmica, e ampla existência liquida e outras que os tornam interessantes para aplicações como solventes para extração, meio reacional e como meio catalítico. Estas propriedades permitem a redução da geração de efluentes industriais, o que os torna potenciais solventes verdes. O interesse recente aumentou a quantidade de ânions e cátions disponíveis para formar líquidos iônicos. Essa maior diversidade por um lado aumenta o potencial de aplicação industrial dos líquidos iônicos, mas por outro aumenta a carga de trabalho para obter as propriedades necessárias para projeto industrial destas novas substâncias. Métodos preditivos podem ser utilizados para evitar a grande demanda de ensaios experimentais para obter essas propriedades. Entretanto modelos puramente preditivos, como o COSMO-RS, usualmente não obtém uma acurácia adequada para o uso industrial. Modelos que fazem uso de dados experimentais de misturas para estimar seus parâmetros, como o UNIFAC (Do) e o F-SAC, são predominantes na indústria. Esses modelos, que são modelos de coeficiente de atividade, permitem o cálculo de equilíbrio de fases e outras propriedades termodinâmicas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento do modelo F-SAC para líquidos iônicos. Baseado em trabalhos anteriores, foram reestimados os parâmetros dos grupos de líquidos iônicos já existentes e adicionados novos grupos de cátions e ânions. Também foram geradas as primeiras curvas de equilíbrio líquido-vapor de misturas contendo líquidos iônicos com o F-SAC. De forma geral, para os 1-alquil-3-etil-imidazólios, foi obtido um R2 de 0.9794 e o valor de AAD de 0.1721 para 1514 misturas com o modelo F-SAC, superior ao encontrado para o UNIFAC (Do). Para o piridínio e o pirrolidínio o F-SAC obteve, respectivamente, um R2 de 0.9281 e 0.9837 e um valor de AAD de 0.2749 e 0.0962. Com este trabalho é possível formar 24 diferentes líquidos iônicos base com o uso de 33 parâmetros eletrostáticos estimados e 22 parâmetros geométricos no F-SAC. Para o mesmo objetivo o modelo UNIFAC (Do) necessitaria de 180 parâmetros binários e 26 parâmetros individuais – todos estimados. Ou seja, o F-SAC, nesse caso, precisou estimar apenas 27% do número de parâmetros que o UNIFAC (Do). / Ionic Liquids are one of the most promising fields to revolutionize chemistry in the 21st century. In general, they show properties like negligible vapor pressure, high thermal stability, wide liquid existence turn them interesting for applications as solvents for extraction, as reactional and catalytic media. These properties allow a reduction in industrial effluent production, making them eligible green solvents. Recent inteerest expanded the number of anions and cations available to compose Ionic. This great diversity enhances the industrial application potential of Ionic Liquids, while increases the workload needed for obtaining properties of these new substances needed for industrial project. Predictive methods can used to avoid the demand of experiments to obtain these properties. Purely predictive methods, as COSMO-RS, are usually not accurate enough for industrial use. Models use experimental data from mixtures for parameter estimation like UNIFAC (Do) and F-SAC, are predominant in the industry. Activity coefficient models like these allow the solving of phase equilibria and other thermodynamic properties. This work aimed at developing the F-SAC model for Ionic Liquids. Based on previous works, the already existing parameters for Ionic Liquid groups were reestimated and new cation and anion groups were added. In addition, the first vapor-liquid equilibrium curves for mixtures containing Ionic Liquids were created for the F-SAC model. For 1-alkyl-3-ethyl-imidazoliums, an overall R2 of 0.9794 and AAD of 0.1721 for 1514 mixtures was obtained, superior to UNIFAC (Do) values. For pyridinium and pyrrolidinium, F-SAC achieved, respectively, R2 of 0.9281 and 0.9837 and AAD of 0.2749 and 0.0962. With this work is possible to form 24 different base Ionic Liquids with 33 estimated electrostatic parameters and 22 geometric parameters with F-SAC. For the same purpose, UNIFAC (Do) would need 180 binary parameters and 23 individual parameters – all estimated. For this particular case the F-SAC model needed to estimate only 27% of the parameter number UNIFAC (Do) needed.

Os líquidos iônicos são uma das principais apostas para revolucionar a química no século XXI. Em geral, apresentam propriedades como baixa pressão de vapor, alta estabilidade térmica, e ampla existência liquida e outras que os tornam interessantes para aplicações como solventes para extração, meio reacional e como meio catalítico. Estas propriedades permitem a redução da geração de efluentes industriais, o que os torna potenciais solventes verdes. O interesse recente aumentou a quantidade de ânions e cátions disponíveis para formar líquidos iônicos. Essa maior diversidade por um lado aumenta o potencial de aplicação industrial dos líquidos iônicos, mas por outro aumenta a carga de trabalho para obter as propriedades necessárias para projeto industrial destas novas substâncias. Métodos preditivos podem ser utilizados para evitar a grande demanda de ensaios experimentais para obter essas propriedades. Entretanto modelos puramente preditivos, como o COSMO-RS, usualmente não obtém uma acurácia adequada para o uso industrial. Modelos que fazem uso de dados experimentais de misturas para estimar seus parâmetros, como o UNIFAC (Do) e o F-SAC, são predominantes na indústria. Esses modelos, que são modelos de coeficiente de atividade, permitem o cálculo de equilíbrio de fases e outras propriedades termodinâmicas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento do modelo F-SAC para líquidos iônicos. Baseado em trabalhos anteriores, foram reestimados os parâmetros dos grupos de líquidos iônicos já existentes e adicionados novos grupos de cátions e ânions. Também foram geradas as primeiras curvas de equilíbrio líquido-vapor de misturas contendo líquidos iônicos com o F-SAC. De forma geral, para os 1-alquil-3-etil-imidazólios, foi obtido um R2 de 0.9794 e o valor de AAD de 0.1721 para 1514 misturas com o modelo F-SAC, superior ao encontrado para o UNIFAC (Do). Para o piridínio e o pirrolidínio o F-SAC obteve, respectivamente, um R2 de 0.9281 e 0.9837 e um valor de AAD de 0.2749 e 0.0962. Com este trabalho é possível formar 24 diferentes líquidos iônicos base com o uso de 33 parâmetros eletrostáticos estimados e 22 parâmetros geométricos no F-SAC. Para o mesmo objetivo o modelo UNIFAC (Do) necessitaria de 180 parâmetros binários e 26 parâmetros individuais – todos estimados. Ou seja, o F-SAC, nesse caso, precisou estimar apenas 27% do número de parâmetros que o UNIFAC (Do). / Ionic Liquids are one of the most promising fields to revolutionize chemistry in the 21st century. In general, they show properties like negligible vapor pressure, high thermal stability, wide liquid existence turn them interesting for applications as solvents for extraction, as reactional and catalytic media. These properties allow a reduction in industrial effluent production, making them eligible green solvents. Recent inteerest expanded the number of anions and cations available to compose Ionic. This great diversity enhances the industrial application potential of Ionic Liquids, while increases the workload needed for obtaining properties of these new substances needed for industrial project. Predictive methods can used to avoid the demand of experiments to obtain these properties. Purely predictive methods, as COSMO-RS, are usually not accurate enough for industrial use. Models use experimental data from mixtures for parameter estimation like UNIFAC (Do) and F-SAC, are predominant in the industry. Activity coefficient models like these allow the solving of phase equilibria and other thermodynamic properties. This work aimed at developing the F-SAC model for Ionic Liquids. Based on previous works, the already existing parameters for Ionic Liquid groups were reestimated and new cation and anion groups were added. In addition, the first vapor-liquid equilibrium curves for mixtures containing Ionic Liquids were created for the F-SAC model. For 1-alkyl-3-ethyl-imidazoliums, an overall R2 of 0.9794 and AAD of 0.1721 for 1514 mixtures was obtained, superior to UNIFAC (Do) values. For pyridinium and pyrrolidinium, F-SAC achieved, respectively, R2 of 0.9281 and 0.9837 and AAD of 0.2749 and 0.0962. With this work is possible to form 24 different base Ionic Liquids with 33 estimated electrostatic parameters and 22 geometric parameters with F-SAC. For the same purpose, UNIFAC (Do) would need 180 binary parameters and 23 individual parameters – all estimated. For this particular case the F-SAC model needed to estimate only 27% of the parameter number UNIFAC (Do) needed.

Mūsų dienomis informacinės sistemos tampa vis sudėtingesnės ir verslo procesams aprašyti seniai nebeužtenka paprastų tekstų ar schemų. Kompiuterizuotų IS reikalavimams aprašyti ir modeliuoti geriausiai tinka specialiai tam skirti modeliai. Modeliavimas tapo būtinas kuriant dideles, sudėtingas ar su kitomis sistemomis sąveikaujančias informacines sistemas, nors daugelis programuotojų siekia minimizuoti modeliavimo pastangas. Modeliuojami ne tik vartotojo poreikiai, dalykinė sritis, programinė įranga, bet ir organizacijos veikla - pastaraisiais metais ši modeliavimo fazė tapo daugelio projektavimo procesų dalimi. Todėl specialūs kompiuterizuoti modeliavimo įrankiai tapo neatskiriama sudėtingų IS kūrimo ir projektavimo dalimi. Modernėjant technologijoms vis labiau orientuojamasi į reikalavimų specifikavimo fazę IS kūrimo projektuose – reikalavimai turi lemiamą reikšmę projektuojant modernias ir sudėtingas informacines sistemas. Todėl vis didėja projektavimo įrankių įtaka IS kūrimo procese, jų pagalba kartais generuojant ir kodą. Taigi, kad tinkamai būtų sukurta ir vystoma nauja sistema, būtina tinkamai apsibrėžti viziją, veiklos modelį ir tiksliai specifikuoti reikalavimus. Šis procesas, bei veiklos modelio transformavimas į vartotojo reikalavimų sistemai modelį aptariamas šiame darbe. / In nowadays information systems are becoming more and more sophisticated and for business process definition it is not enough to use simple schemas and text. For information systems requirements there are created special models. Systems modeling became a must for creating big, sophisticated, difficult systems. User’s requirements, subject matter and specialty domain, software architecture and even organizations activities are being modeled in modern software development companies during systems design process. Special modeling tools are used to create information systems. During last few years software and business developers are focusing more to requirements specification phase. In information systems development projects strict and simply understandable requirements have critical meaning creating big sophisticated information systems. So usage of design and modeling tools is more and more popular. Using such tools sometimes program code is generated to. To develop stable system is crucial to have a vision, make good activity model and specify requirements for future system. This work covers the method of the formation of transformation between activity and use-case models. This transformation is based developing business vision and requirements to future system. The algorithm of transformation described is this work, formally defines the described models elements relations between each other. Solution, based on described algorithm was made on MagicDraw UML tool platform... [to full text]

過去，ABC著重於個別企業內資源之分配，隨著供應鏈及跨組織資訊流程受到重視，ABC的觀念將隨之延伸應用於跨組織作業中，如整體物流過程的成本計算、支援定價與產品組合等決策，並可幫助各物流公司之協調。 　　本研究以資訊管理的概念，研究跨組織國際物流ABC管理制度系統的規劃與設計，並以國際物流個案說明，對個案公司進行訪談，分析作業流程，並依據系統分析方法與步驟，建立企業模型並加以分析與設計，建立國際物流之作業基礎成本制資料模型架構。希望經由國際物流個案的研究來探討作業基礎成本制如何運用資訊系統的幫助，取得優勢。 　　目前第四方物流正在萌芽發展階段，且大多數的業者對第四方物流還不是非常清楚，但隨著物流服務需更深層次、更全面的提高服務品質，第四方物流將是未來發展的潮流，若再由各公司單打獨鬥，將不符合未來潮流。而跨組織的作業基礎成本制將提供跨組織相關成本與作業活動資訊，以期能掌握跨組織成本與作業資訊，取得跨組織之競爭優勢。

L'instrumentation permet à notre environnement, maison ou bâtiment, de devenir intelligent en s'adaptant à nos modes de vie et en nous assistant au quotidien. Un environnement intelligent est sensible et réactif à nos activités, afin d'améliorer notre qualité de vie. La fiabilité d'identification des activités est ainsi essentielle pour cette intelligence ambiante : elle est directement dépendante du positionnement des capteurs au sein de l'environnement. Cette question essentielle du placement des capteurs est très peu considérée par les systèmes ambiants commercialisés ou même dans la littérature. Pourtant, elle est la source principale de leurs dysfonctionnements où une mauvaise reconnaissance des activités entraîne une mauvaise assistance fournie. Le placement de capteurs consiste à choisir et à positionner des capteurs pertinents pour une identification fiable des activités. Dans cette thèse, nous développons et détaillons une méthodologie de placement de capteurs axée sur l'identifiabilité des activités d'intérêt. Nous la qualifions en nous intéressant à deux évaluations différentes : la couverture des intérêts et l'incertitude de mesures. Dans un premier temps, nous proposons un modèle de l'activité où nous décomposons l'activité en actions caractérisées afin d'être indépendant de toute technologie ambiante (axée connaissances ou données). Nous représentons actions et capteurs par un modèle ensembliste unifiant, permettant de fusionner des informations homogènes de capteurs hétérogènes. Nous en évaluons l'identifiabilité des actions d'intérêt au regard des capteurs placés, par des notions de précision (performance d'identification) et de sensibilité (couverture des actions). Notre algorithme de placement des capteurs utilise la Pareto-optimalité pour proposer une large palette de placements-solutions pertinents et variés, pour ces multiples identifiabilités à maximiser. Nous illustrons notre méthodologie et notre évaluation en utilisant des capteurs de présence, et en choisissant optimalement la caractéristique à couvrir pour chaque action. Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous intéressons à la planification optimale des expériences où l'analyse de la matrice d'information permet de quantifier l'influence des sources d'incertitudes sur l'identification d'une caractéristique d'action. Nous représentons les capteurs continus et l'action caractérisée par un modèle analytique, et montrons que certaines incertitudes doivent être prises en compte et intégrées dans une nouvelle matrice d'information. Nous y appliquons les indices d'observabilité directement pour évaluer l'identifiabilité d'une action caractérisée (incertitude d'identification). Nous illustrons cette évaluation alternative en utilisant des capteurs d'angle, et nous la comparons à la matrice d'information classique. Nous discutons des deux évaluations abordées et de leur complémentarité pour la conception d’environnement instrumenté pour la veille à la personne. / Instrumentation enables our environment, house or building, to get smart through self-adjustment to our lifestyles and through assistance of our daily-life. A smart environment is sensitive and responsive to our activities, in order to improve our quality of life. Reliability of activities' identification is absolutely necessary to such ambient intelligence: it depends directly on sensors' positioning within the environment. This fundamental issue of sensor placement is hardly considered by marketed ambient systems or even into the literature. Yet, it is the main source of ambient systems' malfunctions and failures, because a bad activity recognition leads to a bad delivered assistance. Sensor placement is about choosing and positioning relevant sensors for a reliable identification of activities. In this thesis, we develop and detail a sensor placement methodology driven by identifiability of activities of interest. We quantify it by looking at two different evaluations: coverage of interests and uncertainty of measures. First, we present an activity model that decomposes each activity into characterised actions to be technology-free (either knowledge or data driven one). We depict actions and sensors by a set theoretic model, enabling to fuse homogeneous informations of heterogeneous sensors. We then evaluate each action of interest's identifiability regarding placed sensors, through notions of precision (identification's performance) and sensitivity (action's coverage). Our sensor placement algorithm use Pareto-optimality to offer a wide range of relevant solution-placements, for these multiple identifiabilities to maximise. We showcase our methodology and our evaluation through solving a problem featuring motion and binary sensors, by optimally choosing for each action the characteristic to cover. Finally, we look into optimal design of experiments by analysing the information matrix to quantify how sources of uncertainties influence the identification of an action's characteristic. We depict continuous sensors and the characterised action by an analytical model, and we show that some uncertainties should be considered and included in a new information matrix. We then apply directly observability indexes to evaluate identifiability of a characterised action (uncertainty of identification), and compare our new information matrix to the classical one. We showcase our alternate evaluation through solving a sensor placement problem featuring angular sensors. We discuss both covered evaluations and their complementarity towards the design of instrumented environment for human monitoring.

The aim of this diploma thesis is the preparation and foundation of the Students' Union of the University of Economics in Prague, which is done by Soft systems methodology. In order to achieve this aim, the thesis elaborates a theory of student organizations and student unions in the Czech Republic. It also compares a set of rules governing student organizations at chosen Czech universities with chosen foreign universities. The result of this comparison is that chosen foreign universities have more systematic policies towards their student organizations. The research part of this thesis contains Analysis two (social) and Analysis three (political) from the Soft systems methodology. The results of the research contains defined set of roles, norms, values and a distribution of power in the environment of student organizations at University of Economics. Practical part of the thesis brings two complete learning cycles of the Soft systems methodology including root definitions, CATWOE and models of purposeful activity. Based on these two learning cycles, the thesis defines the general limits of Soft system methodology for the foundation of student union at Czech universities.