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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
491

A relação sociedade/divindades/natureza no templo Espírita de Umbanda Abaçá de Oxalá em Pato Branco - PR: modos plurais de existência / The relation society/deities/nature in the Spiritist temple of Umbanda Abaça de Oxalá in Pato Branco-PR: plural modes of existence

Favaro, Jean Filipe 27 March 2018 (has links)
Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná / Investigações etnográficas imergidas no contexto do Terceiro Mundo exploraram diferentes e diversas práticas de pensar, irmanar, experimentar e codificar dimensões biológicas e naturais. Entre os diversos agregados sociais que se mobilizam no mundo por meio de racionalidades contra-hegemônicas, os cultos afro-brasileiros foram anunciados como religiosidades múltiplas, de grande importância ecológica e revestidos de conexões com os mais diversos e contraditórios actantes do cosmo, que resistem no Terceiro Mundo, com suas subjetividades descolonizadoras que se multiplicam em cada local de culto. Nesta conjuntura, esta pesquisa foi efetuada junto ao Centro Espírita de Umbanda Abaça de Oxalá, tendo por objetivo analisar a rede que se conforma nas inter-relações entre seres humanos/divindades/natureza. A Teoria Ator-Rede tal como apresentada por Latour (1994; 2004; 2012) forneceu ferramentas para que uma etnografia adequada à realidade deste terreiro fosse elaborada, expandindo o número de atores ocultos que se relacionam, agem e falam. Assim, durante o período de 19 meses a pesquisa foi operacionalizada por mediação da técnica Observação Participante, a partir de anotações no diário de campo, fotografias, transcrições de entrevistas e desenhos. A forma dos registros se desenvolveram na análise documental, através das anotações no próprio material analisado, objetivando engendrar um relato Ator-Rede para desdobrar um maior número de atores, mediadores e controvérsias que se conectam às práticas associadas as relações entre seres humanos/divindades/natureza no Abaça de Oxalá. Os humanos que configuram o local são caracterizados pelo pai-de-santo, filhos-de-corrente e clientes, que tecem relações com os Orixás em diferentes estratos e níveis de comprometimento com as normativas locais, almejando favores espirituais a partir de suas motivações subjetivas, as quais incluem as esferas da saudabilidade, das questões afetivos-familiares, da prosperidade financeira e desenvolvimento espiritual (no caso dos filhos-de-corrente). Os favores dos Orixás são logrados a partir de um rico e complexo regime de permutas, que permite agenciar lugares da natureza (pontos-de-força), elementos naturais (vegetação, minerais), alimentos, fogo, água, e múltiplos elementos que são relativos à subjetividade de cada humano conectado na rede, que emergem na forma de oferendas, chás medicinais, banhos de ervas, defumações, etc. Estas permutas são subsidiadas por um arcabouço de conhecimentos sobre suas naturezas, especificidades, associações e ações. Estes saberes são indissociáveis dos fazeres, e sua fonte primordial são os Orixás. A partir destes saberes foi possível identificar um total de 159 entidades espirituais mobilizadas nos discursos e atividades do terreiro e 140 vegetais empregados para as mais diversas finalidades que os humanos necessitam. O processamento das atividades ritualísticas no contexto religioso afro-brasileiro remete a uma realidade complexa, engendrada pelas profundas intersecções entre as esferas do mundo social, sobrenatural e natural. O conceito êmico de energia se mostra substancial para que tais conexões emerjam e ajam no cotidiano do terreiro, pois o Orixá é energia e se conecta com a energia dos humanos e da natureza para que transformações no mundo real sejam engendradas. / Ethnographic research immersed in the context of the Third World explored different and diverse practices of thinking, brotherhood, experimenting and codifying biological and natural dimensions. Among the various social aggregates mobilized around the world through counter-hegemonic rationalities, Afro-Brazilian cults were announced as multiple religiosities of great ecological importance and with connections with the most diverse and contradictory actants of the cosmos. They resist in the Third World, with its decolonizing subjectivities that multiply in each place of worship. At this juncture, this research was carried out with the Spiritist Center of Umbanda Abaça de Oxalá, aiming to analyze the network that is formed in the interrelations between humans / divinities / nature. The Actor-Network Theory as presented by Latour (1994, 2004, 2012) provided tools for an ethnography appropriate to the reality of this terreiro to be elaborated, expanding the number of hidden actors who relate, act and speak. Thus, during the 19 month period, the research was operationalized by means of the Participatory Observer technique, based on field diary annotations, photographs, transcripts of interviews and drawings. The form of the records was developed in the documentary analysis, through the annotations in the material analyzed. The aiming was to generate an actor-network account to unfold a greater number of actors, mediators and controversies that connect to the practices associated with the relations between human /divinities / nature in the Abaca de Oxalá. The humans that make up the place are characterized by the “pai de santo”, “filhos de corrente” and clients. They interact with the Orixás in different strata and levels of commitment to local norms, seeking spiritual favors from their subjective motivations, which include the spheres of health, affective-family issues, financial prosperity and spiritual development (in the case of filhos de corrente). The favors of the Orixás are obtained from a rich and complex regime of exchanges, which allows to place places of nature (points of force), natural elements (vegetation, minerals), food, fire, water, and multiple elements that are relative to the subjectivity of each human connected in the net, that emerge in the form of offerings, medicinal teas, herbal baths, smokes, etc. These exchanges are subsidized by a framework of knowledge about their natures, specificities, associations and actions. These knowledges are inseparable from doings, and their primary source is the Orixas. From these knowledge, it was possible to identify a total of 159 spiritual entities mobilized in the discourses and activities of the terreiro and 140 vegetables used for the most diverse purposes that humans need. The processing of ritualistic activities in the Afro-Brazilian religious context, refers to a complex reality engendered by the deep intersections between the spheres of the social, supernatural and natural world. The emic concept of energy proves substantial for such connections to emerge and act in the daily life of the terreiro, because the Orixá is energy and connects with the energy of humans and nature so that transformations in the real world are engendered.
492

Videoaulas e software livre : a relação entre softwares, laboratórios e a Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa

Claro, Victor Oscar Martins 16 February 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-14T18:43:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissVOMC.pdf: 3521667 bytes, checksum: 1089d508ee164eae4d6bb299e0599197 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-14T18:43:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissVOMC.pdf: 3521667 bytes, checksum: 1089d508ee164eae4d6bb299e0599197 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-14T18:43:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissVOMC.pdf: 3521667 bytes, checksum: 1089d508ee164eae4d6bb299e0599197 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-14T18:43:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissVOMC.pdf: 3521667 bytes, checksum: 1089d508ee164eae4d6bb299e0599197 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-16 / Não recebi financiamento / Our object of study is a videoclasses service (videoaula@rnp) over the Internet, maintained by the National Network of Education and Research (RNP). To approach it will use the Actor- Network Theory. We propose here to look at the crossings between software, public officials and laboratories. The software available for publishing videoclasses by RNP is a Free Software called RIOComposer. This has become a link between free software and distance education. Obviously, this link is not given in a simple way and involves, on our part, a study of the Free Software and the RNP. Besides that, the movement of some laboratories involved with the creation of RIOComposer and other solutions for distance education will be observed. We will monitor the principles that guided the first Free Software developers, as their initial consequences. For that, some authors of social sciences, who proposed to examine the Free Software, will be used. About RNP, we will deal with its various initiatives involving the spread of high-speed networks for the Brazilian academic community and the development of solutions in Information and Communication Technologies. The selected laboratories will be seen in its relations with the Free Software and RNP. / Nosso objeto de estudo é um serviço de videoaulas (videoaulas@rnp) pela internet, mantido pela Rede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa (RNP). Para nos aproximarmos dele utilizaremos a Teoria do Ator-Rede. Nos propomos aqui a olhar para os cruzamentos entre softwares, agentes públicos e laboratórios. O software disponibilizado para a editoração de videoaulas pela RNP é um Software Livre chamado RIOComposer. Este passou a ser uma ligação entre Software Livre e Educação a Distância. Obviamente que esta ligação não é dada de maneira simples e envolve, de nossa parte, um aprofundamento sobre o Software Livre e sobre a RNP. Além de pensar o movimento de alguns laboratórios envolvidos com a criação do RIOComposer e outras soluções para EAD. Vamos acompanhar tanto os princípios que guiaram os primeiros desenvolvedores de Software Livre, como suas consequências iniciais. Utilizarei para isso alguns teóricos do campo das Ciências Sociais que se propuseram a examinar o Software Livre. Apresentando também o pensamento de alguns desenvolvedores dos chamados Softwares Livres ou de Código Aberto. Sobre a RNP, trataremos de suas diversas iniciativas, envolvendo a difusão de redes de alta velocidade para a comunidade acadêmica brasileira e o desenvolvimento de soluções em Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação. Os laboratórios escolhidos serão vistos em suas relações com o Software Livre e a RNP.
493

Gestão do conhecimento na rede do ProJovem Urbano: modelo baseado nas políticas públicas.

Llarena, Rosilene Agapito da Silva 27 October 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Morgana Silva (morgana_linhares@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-27T16:25:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3503373 bytes, checksum: 289220d8e98be5f3e84e0dfd1016b72a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T16:25:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3503373 bytes, checksum: 289220d8e98be5f3e84e0dfd1016b72a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Busca oferecer um modelo de Gestão do Conhecimento baseado na análise e conhecimento organizacional do ProJovem Urbano no Estado da Paraíba, no sentido de atender às necessidades de formação, informação e protagonismo juvenis propostos na efetivação de sua estrutura e funcionamento em rede em sua condição intersetorial, interdimensional e compartilhada. Apresenta conversa interdisciplinar teórica, entre a Gestão do Conhecimento, a Teoria Ator-Rede e as políticas públicas como balizadora empírica para a construção do modelo proposto. Objetiva analisar as propostas teóricas da Gestão do Conhecimento como embasamento teórico e empírico; contextualizar o ProJovem Urbano dentro das políticas públicas educacionais, de juventude e de informação; caracterizar o fluxo das informações na organização institucional do Programa por meio de análise das suas redes sociais; analisar suas ações de Gestão do Conhecimento a partir de modelos teóricos de Gestão do Conhecimento; relatar uma experiência sobre políticas públicas de juventude vivenciada no exterior. De base filosófica pós-estruturalista, a pesquisa se caracteriza como quali-quantitativa de base bibliográfica e descritiva para realização de estudo de caso. Utiliza da análise de redes sociais como metodologia junto à análise de conteúdo baseada em Bardin. Discute a Gestão do Conhecimento na literatura científica e nas organizações aportando seus fundamentos, práxis e ações normativas. Reflete as políticas públicas de juventude no contexto da sociedade contemporânea. Cogita a Teoria Ator-Rede como grande aliada ao processo de gestão do conhecimento nas organizações públicas estruturadas em rede. Resulta em desenhos organizacionais de fluxos de informação e cartografia de controvérsias que buscam descrever e explicar o Programa em foco, baseados em conceitos interdisciplinares à luz da Ciência da Informação. Apresenta modelo de Gestão do Conhecimento para atender às especificidades do ProJovem Urbano no Estado da Paraíba em oito fases que se inter-relacionam em ações complementares. As ações refletem desde a inter-relação entre a Gestão da Informação e a Gestão do Conhecimento, passando pela análise da cultura organizacional, aplicabilidade das tecnologias da informação e comunicação e do regime de informação à realidade do Programa, até à implementação de recursos motivacionais de aprendizagem cognitiva e interativa e a reconstrução e desenvolvimento de novos conhecimentos organizacionais com fins coletivos públicos. / Busca oferecer um modelo de Gestão do Conhecimento baseado na análise e conhecimento organizacional do ProJovem Urbano no Estado da Paraíba, no sentido de atender às necessidades de formação, informação e protagonismo juvenis propostos na efetivação de sua estrutura e funcionamento em rede em sua condição intersetorial, interdimensional e compartilhada. Apresenta conversa interdisciplinar teórica, entre a Gestão do Conhecimento, a Teoria Ator-Rede e as políticas públicas como balizadora empírica para a construção do modelo proposto. Objetiva analisar as propostas teóricas da Gestão do Conhecimento como embasamento teórico e empírico; contextualizar o ProJovem Urbano dentro das políticas públicas educacionais, de juventude e de informação; caracterizar o fluxo das informações na organização institucional do Programa por meio de análise das suas redes sociais; analisar suas ações de Gestão do Conhecimento a partir de modelos teóricos de Gestão do Conhecimento; relatar uma experiência sobre políticas públicas de juventude vivenciada no exterior. De base filosófica pós-estruturalista, a pesquisa se caracteriza como quali-quantitativa de base bibliográfica e descritiva para realização de estudo de caso. Utiliza da análise de redes sociais como metodologia junto à análise de conteúdo baseada em Bardin. Discute a Gestão do Conhecimento na literatura científica e nas organizações aportando seus fundamentos, práxis e ações normativas. Reflete as políticas públicas de juventude no contexto da sociedade contemporânea. Cogita a Teoria Ator-Rede como grande aliada ao processo de gestão do conhecimento nas organizações públicas estruturadas em rede. Resulta em desenhos organizacionais de fluxos de informação e cartografia de controvérsias que buscam descrever e explicar o Programa em foco, baseados em conceitos interdisciplinares à luz da Ciência da Informação. Apresenta modelo de Gestão do Conhecimento para atender às especificidades do ProJovem Urbano no Estado da Paraíba em oito fases que se inter-relacionam em ações complementares. As ações refletem desde a inter-relação entre a Gestão da Informação e a Gestão do Conhecimento, passando pela análise da cultura organizacional, aplicabilidade das tecnologias da informação e comunicação e do regime de informação à realidade do Programa, até à implementação de recursos motivacionais de aprendizagem cognitiva e interativa e a reconstrução e desenvolvimento de novos conhecimentos organizacionais com fins coletivos públicos.
494

Ação coletiva e inovação social na esfera pública : análise da experiência do movimento de combate à corrupção eleitoral (MCCE) no Brasil / Collective action and social innovation in the public sphere: the experience of Brazilian Movement Against Electoral Corruption (MMCE)

Moraes, Rubens Lima 02 December 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T19:11:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 120584.pdf: 2783226 bytes, checksum: e9e9f2367a62358a96dded6dc7202d02 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The Brazilian Movement Against Electoral Corruption (MCCE) has been promoting social innovations in the Brazilian public sphere, since its formalization, in 2002, leading mobilization towards the creation of the only two popular initiative laws in Brazil, Law Against Vote Buying (Law n. 9840/1999) and Clean Slate Law (Complementary Law 135/2010). The main objective of this dissertation is to comprehend how MCCE has been promoting social innovation, on the attempt of responding the public problem of electoral corruption in Brazil. To accomplish this objective, this dissertation is structured in seven chapters, including the introduction, which we present the research problem and its frame. In chapter two, we constructed a theoretical and analytical frame to better comprehend the collective action of civil society actors. To do so, we started with the social innovation debate and its perspectives. The chosen perspective for this dissertation was based on an understanding of social innovation analyzed as a process. Specifically, this perspective is understood as an expression of the collectives actors in self-reflexing, self organizing and self-reforming (CEFAÏ; TERZI, 2012). In this sense, having the pragmatic sociology as a theoretical reference (BARTHE et al, 2013), we promote a debate between the Actor-Network Theory (ANT) (CALLON; LATOUR, 1981; LAW, 1999; LATOUR, 2001 and 2012) and the studies about the experience of the public problems (CEFAÏ, 2002, 2009 and 2012; CEFAÏ; TERZI, 2012) to build our own an analytical and methodological frame. This frame, which moments will be detailed in Chapter 3, had an ethnographic posture that led the research field, since August 2013 until October 2014. It was made different research strategies that resulted in a data triangulation, involving direct observation on different scenes of MCCE and also through the internet. The research field also had six interviews, with founders, directors, technicians and other members of the movement. A documental analysis was based on following the news about the movement, other dissertations and official documents. The results are presented in Chapters 4 to 6, which respond to the specific objectives of the research. First we mapped the public arena of electoral corruption in Brazil, based on cartography of controversies (VENTURINI, 2010). We aimed to map this public arena in three fields: political (mapping the news), scientific (analyzing the peer-reviewed scientific papers) and technical-legal (with the analysis of the most important laws regarding the issue). The time span of this mapping was between the years of 1988, took as a reference to us, which represented a year of democratic opening in Brazil, and 2014. The mapping made us identify the main actors-network of the public problem of electoral corruption in Brazil, their main statements, the controversies that appear and the world visions that are built during the time around this public problem. The analysis of this chapter resulted in a visualization of configuration process (CEFAÏ, 1996) or translation process (LATOUR, 2012), which problem public faces and that is influenced in your definition and its forms of interpretation. We provide evidences, which actors-networks linked with MCCE were leaders in this process and a question is raised, on how the movement promotes this incidence, focusing the analysis of the movement s experience. This is made in Chapters 5 and 6, which focus on the MCCE s experience, making a diachronic analysis (focusing on its trajectory) and synchronic (exploring its most recent experiences). The analysis of the trajectory showed us that the main mobilizations promoted by movement in the macro public arena and its developments. We could observe that, during the time, the movement constituted a network of different collectives, which they contributed for creating a transversal intelligence and a collective learning on coping with concrete problematic situations. The social innovations that appear on this process configure not only as final results , but as processes, which multiple collectives contribute and that involves a great dose of uncertainties (LATOUR, 2012). In Chapter 6, this network is then followed closely, aiming to identify how the movement is organized, its particularities and the main controversies endured nowadays. This chapter focuses on following the collective action on its course, making it possible to comprehend what characterizes the movement. In Chapter 7, the final considerations of this dissertation are presented, linking the previous analysis, focusing the interfaces between the MCCE network and the greater public arena of electoral corruption. The chapter finalizes with some questions about the study and the future perspectives of new research about the subject. / O Movimento de Combate à Corrupção Eleitoral (MCCE) vem provocando inovações sociais na esfera pública brasileira, desde antes da sua formalização, em 2002, tendo sido protagonista na mobilização para elaboração e aprovação das duas únicas leis de iniciativa popular no país ¿A Lei da Compra de Votos¿ (Lei 9.840/1999) e a ¿Lei da Ficha Limpa¿ (Lei Complementar 135/2010). Essa dissertação tem como objetivo geral buscar compreender como o MCCE vem promovendo inovações sociais ao responder ao problema público da corrupção eleitoral no Brasil. Para cumprir este objetivo, esta dissertação estrutura-se em sete capítulos, incluindo a introdução, na qual apresentamos a problematização e o quadro geral da pesquisa. No capítulo dois, construímos um enfoque teórico-metodológico próprio para compreender melhor a ação coletiva dos atores da sociedade civil na esfera pública e o seu papel na promoção da inovação social. Para tanto, partimos do debate sobre inovação social e suas correntes. Adotamos uma perspectiva de análise da inovação social como processo, ou seja, como expressão da capacidade dos próprios coletivos de se autorefletir, auto-organizar e auto-reformar (CEFAI; TERZI, 2012). Desse modo, tendo por fundamento a sociologia pragmática (BARTHE et al), promovemos um debate entre a Teoria do Ator-Rede (TAR) (CALLON; LATOUR, 1981; LAW, 1999; LATOUR, 2001 e 2012) e os estudos sobre as experiências dos problemas públicos (CEFAI, 2002, 2009 e 2012; CEFAÏ; TERZI, 2012) para construir um caminho analítico-metodológico próprio. Tal caminho, cujos momentos são detalhadamente apresentados, no capítulo três, teve por base uma postura etnográfica que norteou o trabalho de campo realizado de agosto de 2013 a outubro de 2014, no qual foi feita uma triangulação de diferentes estratégias de pesquisa, envolvendo a observação direta de cenas e eventos do MCCE e de sua atuação, in loco e também por meio da internet, seis entrevistas com fundadores, diretores, técnicos e outros membros do movimento, além de ampla análise documental, de notícias sobre o movimento, dissertações, além de documentos oficiais. Os resultados são então apresentados nos capítulos quatro a seis, que respondem aos objetivos específicos da dissertação. Primeiramente, realizamos um mapeamento da arena pública da corrupção eleitoral no Brasil, por meio da ¿cartografia de controvérsias¿ (VENTURINI, 2010). Buscamos mapear a arena pública em três campos: político (por meio do mapeamento das mídias), científico (por meio da análise dos artigos científicos publicados) e técnico-legal (com a análise das leis mais importantes referentes a matéria). O mapeamento teve como ponto de partida ano 1988, marco que representou a abertura democrática no Brasil e foi feito até o ano de 2014. Tal mapeamento permitiu identificar os principais ¿atores-rede¿ porta-vozes do problema público da corrupção eleitoral no Brasil, suas declarações principais, as controvérsias que emergem e as visões de mundo que são construídas ao longo do tempo em torno do problema público. Tal análise, resultou numa visualização do processo de ¿configuração¿ (CEFAÏ, 1996) ou ainda de ¿translação¿ (LATOUR, 2012) que vive o problema público e que influencia na sua definição, nas formas de interpretá-lo e também de fazer face a ele. Evidenciase aqui que os atores-rede ligados ao MCCE foram protagonistas nesse processo e levanta-se a questão de como o movimento promove essa incidência, voltando-se para análise de sua experiência. Isso é feito nos capítulos cinco e seis, nos quais aborda-se a experiência do MCCE, por meio de uma leitura diacrônica (focalizando a sua trajetória) e sincrônica (explorando a sua experiência atual). A análise da trajetória permitiu evidenciar as principais ações de mobilização do movimento na arena pública mais ampla e seus desdobramentos. Pôde-se constatar como, ao longo do tempo, o movimento se constitui numa ¿rede¿ de coletivos que contribuem para criar uma ¿inteligência transversal¿ e um aprendizado coletivo no enfrentamento de situações problemáticas concretas. As inovações sociais que emergem nesse percurso configuram-se não apenas como ¿resultados finais¿, mas como processos, nos quais múltiplos coletivos parecem contribuir e que envolve uma grande dose de incerteza (LATOUR, 2012). No capítulo seis essa rede é então acompanhada mais de perto, buscando-se identificar como se organiza, as suas particularidades e as principais controvérsias enfrentadas atualmente. Esse capítulo busca acompanhar mais de perto a ação coletiva do MCCE, possibilitando compreender o que caracteriza o movimento. No capítulo sete as considerações finais são apresentadas, buscando religar as análises apresentadas, focalizando as interfaces entre a rede do MCCE e a arena pública mais ampla da corrupção eleitoral. O capítulo se encerra com o levantamento de algumas questões que este estudo suscita para novas pesquisas.
495

Les conditions d’émergence d’une démarche RSE dans l’événementiel : une analyse à partir d’Angers Expo Congrès et du salon professionnel SIVAL. / Conditions for the emergence of CSR approach in events : an analysis of Angers Expo Congrès and its tradeshow Sival

Paulus, Krystel 16 November 2016 (has links)
L’objet de ce travail doctoral est d’analyser les conditions d’émergence d’une démarche de changement RSE et de diffusion de connaissances entre les parties prenantes d’un événementiel dans le contexte spécifique d’un centre des congrès et/ou d’un parc des expositions. En combinant la théorie des parties prenantes, la théorie de l’acteur réseau et les conceptualisations théoriques du transfert de connaissances, notre recherche propose d’appréhender simultanément la manière dont chaque partie prenante va être actrice de la dynamique de changement RSE d’un événement ainsi que les mécanismes de construction et de diffusion des connaissances RSE entre ces dernières durant ce processus. Notre méthodologie empirique est basée sur une étude de cas unique enchâssée réalisée dans le cadre d’une convention CIFRE au sein d’Angers Expo Congrès, une entreprise en charge de la gestion d’un centre des congrès et d’un parc des expositions. Dans cette optique, nous avons étudié deux unités d’analyse : 1) la démarche RSE de l’organisation et 2) celle de son salon professionnel Sival. Les résultats de notre recherche permettent d’identifier et de positionner les parties prenantes dans la dynamique de changement RSE d’un événement. Ils mettent aussi en lumière les modalités de l’action collective autour de la dynamique de changement RSE d’un événement et révèlent les modalités de transfert inter-organisationnel de connaissances entre ses parties prenantes. Ce travail doctoral propose conjointement une véritable méthodologie de conduite du changement RSE associant les parties prenantes d’un événementiel et des leviers d’actions pour faciliter la diffusion des connaissances RSE entre elles. / The purpose of this doctoral research is to analyse the conditions for the emergence of a CSR change process and knowledge transfer between an event stakeholders in the specific context of a convention centre and/or exhibition complex. By combining stakeholder theory, actor network theory and theoretical conceptualizations of knowledge transfer approach, our research proposes simultaneously to understand how each stakeholder is an actor in the event CSR process and the methods facilitating the construction and dissemination of CSRknowledge between them during the process. Our empirical methodology is based on a single case study carried out under a research contract (CIFRE) in Angers Expo Congrès, a company in charge of a convention centre and exhibition complex. In this context, we study two units of analysis: 1) the CSR approach of the organization and 2) the CSR approach of the tradeshow Sival. The results of our research identify and positionthe stakeholders in the event CSR change process. They also highlight the methods of collective action around the event CSR change process and the methods of inter-organizational knowledge transfer between stakeholders. This doctoral research jointly offers a real methodology for conducting CSR change involving event stakeholders and levers for action in order to facilitate the dissemination of CSR knowledge between them.
496

Three Tales of Dominant Technological Artifacts : Tracing the Paths from Success to Domination of Software Applications with the Help of Latour's Actor-Network-Theory and Bourdieu's Capital Theory

Harengel, Peter January 2011 (has links)
Domination in the software application industry has been an issue since its early years. But how do these situations of market domination come into existence? This thesis discusses conventional approaches towards understanding market domination and their inherent weaknesses. As a result a new understanding, based on Actor-Network-Theory and Capital Theory unfolds, which achieves the uncovering of a much deeper complexity on how market domination comes into existence.
497

Yksityismetsänomistajien valinnat metsänhoidossa 2000-luvun Suomessa

Kasanen, M. (Mervi) 30 November 2011 (has links)
Abstract The present environmental anthropological study explores the premises and views of forest owners regarding different stages of forest management and factors affecting forest management by interviewing 24 owners of forest in the Northern Ostrobothnia region during 2005-2007. In addition, the views of forestry professionals were examined, mainly by using interviews from the ”Forest Professionals During Forestry’s Period of Transition” project collected during 1999-2002. The collected qualitative data was mostly employed in order to examine processes of reasoning in connection to both periodic- and continuous-cover silviculture. The views of the forest owners were compared to the Forestry Development Centre Tapio’s Forest Management Practice Recommendations. The research source materials also included the official documents from four cases involving forest regeneration and forest harvest sites in different parts of Finland during 2004-2008. The analysis in this study employs three perspectives, namely those of political ecology, cognitive anthropology and actor-network theory. When exploring the views of forest owners from the perspective of political ecology, these perspectives were examined as a part of the historical development of forestry and the discussion on forests in Finland. By applying the concept of cultural models from cognitive anthropology, two generalising models of thought were recognised in the interview material: an established model of forest management and an alternative model of forest management. The established model of forest management followed the management policy presented in the Forest Management Practice Recommendations. The alternative model of forest management diverged from the recommendations, but only in part. Views regarding what is natural, the implementation of different stages of forest management and how financial profitability is achieved from the forest owners’ point of view were, to some extent, different in these two models. However, it was not possible to identify the views of the interviewees as belonging entirely to one of the models only. The actor-network theory was particularly efficient in analysing court case documents in which the different views on forest management that were found in the cultural models become established. Based on the criticism presented in the source materials, it can be said that the differing views and needs of forest owners should be acknowledged in forest administration with greater versatility than is done at present. / Tiivistelmä Tässä ympäristöantropologisessa tutkimuksessa selvitettiin metsänomistajien perusteluita ja käsityksiä metsänhoidon vaiheista ja metsänhoitoon vaikuttavista tekijöistä haastattelemalla 24 Pohjois-Pohjanmaalla metsää omistavaa metsänomistajaa vuosina 2005–2007. Myös metsäalan ammattilaisten käsityksiä selvitettiin käyttäen aineistona lähinnä vuosina 1999–2002 kerättyjä ”Metsäammatit metsätalouden murroksessa” -hankkeen haastatteluita. Laadullisen aineiston avulla selvitettiin erityisesti jaksolliseen ja jatkuvaan metsänkasvatukseen liittyvää päättelyä. Metsänomistajien käsityksiä verrattiin Metsätalouden kehittämiskeskus Tapion hyvän metsänhoidon suosituksiin. Aineistona olivat myös neljän eri puolilla Suomea tapahtuneen metsänuudistamista ja hakkuita koskeneen oikeustapauksen asiakirja-aineistot vuosilta 2004–2008. Analyysissä hyödynnettiin kolmea näkökulmaa: poliittista ekologiaa, kognitiivista antropologiaa ja toimijaverkkoteoriaa. Poliittisen ekologian näkökulmassa metsänomistajien käsityksiä tarkasteltiin osana Suomen metsätalouden ja metsäkeskustelun historiallista kehitystä. Kognitiivisen antropologian kulttuuristen mallien käsitettä käyttäen haastatteluaineistosta nostettiin esiin kaksi yleistävää ajattelumallia: vaihtoehtoisen metsänhoidon malli ja vakiintuneen metsänhoidon malli. Vakiintuneen metsänhoidon malli mukaili Hyvän metsänhoidon suosituksissa esitettyä metsänhoidon linjaa. Vaihtoehtoisen metsänhoidon malli erosi suosituksista osittain. Käsitykset metsänhoidon luonnonmukaisuudesta, metsänhoidon vaiheiden toteutuksesta ja taloudellisen kannattavuuden muodostumisesta metsänomistajien kannalta poikkesivat näissä malleissa toisistaan joiltakin osin. Haastateltujen käsityksiä ei voinut jaotella aina kaikilta osiltaan vain toiseen malliin kuuluvaksi. Toimijaverkkoteoria jäsensi erityisesti oikeustapausaineistoja, joissa tiivistyivät kulttuurisissa malleissa esiintyneet käsitykset metsänhoidosta. Aineistossa esitetyn kritiikin pohjalta metsähallinnoinnissa olisi huomioitava metsänomistajien vaihtelevat käsitykset ja tarpeet entistä monipuolisemmin.
498

Management accounting change in public health care

Kantola, H. (Hannele) 03 June 2014 (has links)
Abstract The aim of this dissertation is to analyse the process of change in management accounting in public-sector health care. The change is examined through the implementation of a nationally homogeneous Diagnosis Related Grouping (DRG) system. The DRG system is used to classify health-care diagnoses into groups for service productisation and pricing. The system has been proposed as a solution for cost accounting and budgeting. The practical motivation of the dissertation is to analyse the embedding of change in organisations´ practises. The theoretical motivation of the dissertation is to extend the investigation of change by analysing the process of implementation of a nationally homogeneous system. The research data comprise 39 interviews conducted between 2006 and 2011 with hospital district representatives, the representatives of the company managing the DRG system, the DRG system supplier, and the representatives of the National Institute for Health and Welfare and the Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities. In addition to interviews, the data consists of participative observations, telephone inquiries, and newspaper articles. This dissertation consists of four essays that analyse the data through the lens of two theories: the Actor Network (ANT) and Institutional theory (NIS). The results indicate how the use of multiple theories (ANT ja NIS) as a methodology enriches and extends the insight into the change process in management accounting. For instance, the analysis of the homogeneous use of the DRG system, without investigating the practices of actors by making use of the ANT, the results could have been different in this respect. Especially, this dissertation indicates how important it is that actors’ actions are also examined in the processes of change in the implementation of public-sector management accounting systems. The idea for the DRG system was introduced to Finland almost twenty years ago. However, the results indicate that it has spread very slowly. According to earlier research, an institutional environment is considered to exercise pressure on organisations in order to make them adopt new practices that are homogeneous with other institutional practices. There is indirect pressure in decentralised health care in Finland, though its power for change is weak. This dissertation shows how the decentralisation of responsibilities in large-scale institutions, such as the health-care system in Finland, also slows down and decentralises reforms. As institutional power becomes weaker, the power of organisations to promote things seems to grow stronger, however. / Tiivistelmä Tämän väitöskirjatyön tarkoituksena on analysoida johdon laskentatoimen muutosprosessia julkisen sektorin terveydenhoidossa. Muutosta tarkastellaan kansallisesti yhtenäisen diagnoosiperustaisen ryhmittelyjärjestelmän (Diagnosis Related Grouping, DRG) käyttöönottoprosessin kautta. DRG on järjestelmä, jossa luokitellaan terveydenhoidon diagnoosit ryhmiin palvelujen tuotteistusta ja hinnoittelua varten. Järjestelmää on esitetty ratkaisuna kustannuslaskentaan ja budjetointiin. Väitöskirjatyön käytännön motivaationa on analysoida muutoksen asettumista organisaatioiden käytäntöihin. Väitöskirjatyön teoreettisena motivaationa on laajentaa muutostutkimusta tarkastelemalla kansallisesti yhtenäisen järjestelmän käyttöönottoa. Tutkimuksen aineisto koostuu 39 haastattelusta, joita on kerätty vuosien 2006 ja 2011 välillä. Tutkimuksessa on haastateltu sairaanhoitopiirien henkilökuntaa, DRG-järjestelmän hallinnoiman yhtiön edustajia, järjestelmän toimittajaa, Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitoksen sekä Kuntaliiton edustajia. Aineisto sisältää haastattelujen lisäksi osallistuvaa havainnointia, puhelinkyselyjä sekä lehtiartikkeleita. Tämä väitöskirjatyö koostuu neljästä esseestä, joissa analysoidaan aineistoa kahden eri teorian, toimijaverkostoteorian (ANT) ja institutionaalisen teorian (NIS), avulla. Tulokset tuovat esille, kuinka kahden teorian (ANT ja NIS) metodologinen käyttö rikastuttaa ja laajentaa näkemystä johdon laskentatoimen muutosprosessista. Esimerkiksi analysoitaessa DRG-järjestelmän yhtenäistä käyttöä tutkimatta toimijoiden toimintaa toimijaverkostoteoriaa hyödyntäen, tulokset voisivat tältä osin olla erilaiset. Erityisesti tämä väitöskirjatyö osoittaa, kuinka tärkeää julkisen sektorin johdon laskentajärjestelmien käyttöönoton muutosprosessia tutkittaessa on tutkia myös toimijoiden toimintaa. Idea DRG-järjestelmästä esitettiin Suomessa melkein kaksikymmentä vuotta sitten. Tulokset osoittavat kuitenkin, että sen leviäminen on ollut hyvin hidasta. Aikaisempien tutkimusten mukaan institutionaalisen ympäristön katsotaan painostavan organisaatioita, jotta ne ottaisivat käyttöön uusia menetelmiä, jotka ovat yhdenmukaiset muiden institutionaalisten käytänteiden kanssa. Suomen hajautetussa terveydenhoidossa esitetään epäsuoraa painetta, mutta sen voima muutokseen ei ole vahva. Väitöskirjatyö tuo esille miten suurien instituutioiden, kuten Suomen terveydenhoidon, vastuun hajautuessa myös reformit hidastuvat ja hajautuvat. Institutionaalisten voimien heikentyessä organisaatioiden voima ajaa asioita näyttää kuitenkin vahvistuvan.
499

Energy efficient communication models in wireless sensor and actor networks

Rimer, Suvendi Chinnappen 16 March 2012 (has links)
Sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network (WSN) have a small, non-rechargeable power supply. Each message transmission or reception depletes a sensor node’s energy. Many WSN applications are ad-hoc deployments where a sensor node is only aware of its immediate neighbours. The lack of a predefined route path and the need to restrict the amount of communication that occurs within the application area impose constraints on WSNs not prevalent in other types of networks. An area of active research has been how to notify the central sink (or monitoring hub) about an event in real-time by utilising the minimum number of messages to route a message from a source node to the destination sink node. In this thesis, strategies to limit communication within a WSN application area, while ensuring that events are reported on and responded to in real-time, is presented. A solution based on modelling a WSN as a small world network and then transmitting an initialisation message (IM) on network start-up to create multiple route paths from any sensor node to one or more sinks is proposed. The reason for modelling a WSN as a small world network is to reduce the number of nodes required to re-transmit a message from a source sensor node to a sink. The purpose of sending an IM at network start-up is to ensure that communication within the WSN is minimised. When routing a message to a static sink, the nodes closest to the static sink receive a disproportionate number of messages, resulting in their energy being consumed earlier. The use of mobile sinks has been proposed but to our knowledge no studies have been undertaken on the paths these mobile sinks should follow. An algorithm to determine the optimum path for mobile sinks to follow in a WSN application area is described. The purpose of an optimum path is to allow more equitable usage of all nodes to transfer an event message to a mobile sink. The idea of using multiple static sinks placed at specific points in the small world model is broadened to include using multiple mobile sinks called actors to move within a WSN application area and respond to an event in real-time. Current coordination solutions to determine which actor(s) must respond to the event result in excessive message communication and limit the real-time response to an event. An info gap decision theory (IGDT) model to coordinate which actor or set of actors should respond to the event is described. A comparison of the small world routing (SWR) model against routing using flooding and gossiping shows that the SWR model significantly reduces the number of messages transmitted within the network. An analysis of the number of IMs transmitted and received at individual node level shows that prudent selection of the hop count (number of additional nodes required to route a message to sink) to a sink node will result in a reduced number of messages transmitted and received per node within the network. The use of the IGDT model results in a robust decision on the actor(s) chosen to respond to an event even when uncertainty about the location and available energy of other actor(s) exists. / Thesis (PhD(Eng))--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / unrestricted
500

Les effets du plan local d'urbanisme intercommunal sur la pratique de la planification urbaine. Étude de l'élaboration du PLUi de l'Eurométropole de Strasbourg / The effects of the intermunicipal land use plan ("PLUi") on the practice of urban planning. Study of Strasbourg Eurométropole’s PLUi drafting process

Fruchart, Alexandre 08 December 2017 (has links)
En 2014, la loi ALUR a prévu qu'à partir de mars 2017 l'ensemble des EPCI à fiscalité propre acquerrait la compétence en matière d'élaboration du plan local d'urbanisme. L’élaboration d’un plan local d’urbanisme intercommunal (PLUi) signifie que les acteurs locaux sont supposés s’entendre sur les enjeux du territoire, sur la stratégie à mettre en œuvre et l’encadrement du droit du sol. Ce dernier point est particulièrement sensible, car la plupart des élus restent aujourd’hui attachés à leurs prérogatives en matière d’urbanisme. Dans ce contexte, quels sont les effets structurants du PLUi sur la pratique de la planification ? Pour les appréhender, nous avons mené une analyse institutionnelle de la procédure d'élaboration du PLUi de l'Eurométropole de Strasbourg ; en mobilisant d'une part l'approche communicationnelle de la planification qui permet d’analyser les interactions entre acteurs ; et l'instrumentation d'autre part qui permet de saisir les effets propres des instruments sur l'action publique. La rencontre de ces deux littératures nous a permis de mettre en lumière plusieurs effets du PLUi. Il a amené les acteurs locaux, malgré leurs points de vue antagonistes, à s’accorder sur les enjeux du territoire, la stratégie d’aménagement et même les dispositions réglementaires qui la concrétisent. De ce processus est né un régime d’agglomération qui permet de réguler les conflits par des normes sociales et urbaines partagées. Mais il faut relativiser ces effets : le plan de zonage reste très similaire à celui contenu dans les documents communaux antérieurs, et la convergence des représentations n’a pas pour autant conduit les élus locaux à s’affranchir des frontières communales. / In 2014, law ALUR gave to intermunicipal groups (“EPCI”) the right to draft planning documents on behalf of the municipalities from 2017. Drafting an intermunicipal land use plan (“PLUi”) means actors are supposed to agree on a common perception of the territory’ stakes, a strategy to deal with them, as well as a common land use regulation: the PLUi is binding. This last trait is a touchy one, because mayors don’t want to lose control over the regulation of their land. In such a context, we looked for the structuring effects of the PLUi on the planning processs. For that purpose, we built an institutional analysis of Strasbourg Eurométropole’s PLUi. It involved two complementary theoretical approaches: on one hand, the communicative approach of planning in order to to analyze the interactions between actors. On the other hand, the “instrumentation” approach gave us key concepts to read the effects of the PLUi on the planning network. These two literatures led us to identify several of them. The PLUi gathered actors with antagonistic perspectives to agree on the territory’ stakes, the planning strategy and even the land regulation. From this process raised an “intermunicipal regime” which regulates conflicts with shared urban and social norms. But we have to relativise these effects: the zoning is still close to what it used to be before the drafting process, and local politicians keep on thinking through the municipality prism.

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