Global ETD Search

11	Bead Modeling of Transport Properties of Macromolecules in Free Solution and in a Gel Pei, Hongxia 15 June 2010 (has links) On the bead modeling methodology, or BMM, a macromolecule is modeled as a rigid, non-overlapping bead array with arbitrary radii. The BMM approach was pioneered by Kirkwood and coworkers (Kirkwood, J.G., Macromolecules, E.P. Auer (Ed.), Gordon and Breach, New York, 1967; Kirkwood, J.G., Riseman, J., J. Chem. Phys., 1948, 16, 565) and applied to such transport properties as diffusion, sedimentation, and viscosity. With the availability of computers, a number of investigators extended the work to account for the detailed shape of biomolecules in the 1970s. A principle objective of my research has been to apply the BMM approach to more complex transport phenomena such as transport in a gel, electrophoresis (free solution and in a gel), and also transport in more complex media (such as the viscosity of alkanes and benzene). Variables considered by the BMM include the number of beads (N), the radii of the beads, net charge and charge distribution, conformations, salt type, and salt concentration. The BMM has been extended to: (1) account for the existence of a gel; (2) characterize the charge and secondary structure of macromolecules; (3) account more accurately for hydrodynamic interaction (remove the orientationnal preaveraging approximation of hydrodynamic interaction); (4) study the effect of ion relaxation for particles in arbitrary size, shape, and charge; (5) consider the salt dependence of electrokinetic properties; (6) account for the formation of possible complex between guest ions and BGE ions. We also did diffusion constant measurement by NMR for amino acids and short peptides in 10%D2O-90% H2O at room temperature and applied to our modeling study by BMM. Agarose gel Bead model Complex formation DNA Effective medium Hydrodynamic interaction NMR Peptide Relaxation Salt dependence Chemistry
12	Some Characteristics of Human Prostasomes and Their Relationship to Prostate Cancer Ronquist, Göran January 2009 (has links) Background: The secretory epithelial cells of the prostate gland use sophisticated vehicles named prostasomes to relay important information to sperm cells in semen. This prostasome-forming and secretory ability of the epithelial cells is also preserved in poorly differentiated prostate cancer cells. Aim: The aim of this thesis was to examine different characteristics of prostasomes, especially those derived from malignant prostate cells, linked to their potential role in diagnosis and prognostication of prostate cancer. Results: Serum samples of prostate cancer patients contained autoantibodies against seminal prostasomes in a higher concentration than did control sera. These autoantibodies were most frequently directed against 25 prostasome-associated proteins, but no one was prostate specific. Clusterin was one of the most frequently occurring prostasomal proteins. Elevated titers were however seen in both patients´ and control sera. Clusterin turned out to be a major antigen of seminal prostasomes. No prostate specific or prostate cancer specific protein was discovered upon proteomic analysis of prostasomes deriving from malignant cells of vertebral metastases of prostate cancer patients. Human chromosomal DNA was identified in both seminal prostasomes and PC-3 cell prostasomes and strong evidence existed that the DNA was localized inside the prostasomes. Four out of 13 DNA clones of seminal prostasomes featured gene sequences (31%). The corresponding figures for PC-3 cell prostasomes were 4 out of 16 clones (25%). Conclusions: Prostasomes are immunogenic and give rise to serum autoantibodies. The most frequently occurring autoantibodies were directed against 25 prostasomal proteins but none of these was exclusively prostate specific. Thirty different proteins were identified in prostate cancer metastasis-derived prostasomes but none of these proteins was prostate cancer specific. Human chromosomal DNA was identified in prostasomes of both normal and malignant cell origin. Prostasomes prostate prostate cancer clusterin antibodies metastasis exosomes PC-3 cells DNA vehicles gene therapy immunoblotting mass spectrometry agarose gel electrophoresis vertebral metastasis. Clinical chemistry Klinisk kemi
13	Detecção e identificação molecular de fitoplasmas associados ao amarelo da videira. / Detection and molecular identification of phytoplasmas associated to grapevine yellow disease. Neroni, Raquel de Cássia 01 February 2005 (has links) Os amarelos estão associados a fitoplasmas, procariotos pertencentes à classe Mollicutes que não possuem parede celular e habitam o floema de plantas. Os danos causados pelas doenças de etiologia fitoplasmática são relevantes e podem ocorrer em diversas espécies economicamente importantes. Em videira, pesquisas realizadas em várias partes do mundo têm relatado a presença das doenças do tipo "amarelo", porém, no Brasil, estas doenças ainda não foram relatadas para esta cultura. Em vinhedos comerciais localizados nos Estados de São Paulo e Paraná têm sido observadas plantas com sintomas semelhantes àqueles provocados por fitoplasmas em outros países. Estes sintomas têm sido caracterizados por amarelecimento e ou avermelhamento foliar, necrose do limbo e rachaduras nas nervuras principais. Com o objetivo de detectar e identificar molecularmente fitoplasmas associados a estes tipos de sintomas, folhas e ramos foram amostrados a partir de plantas sintomática e assintomáticas. A detecção foi conduzida com PCR duplo usando-se os iniciadores R16 mF1/mR2 ou P1/P7 na primeira reação e R16 F2n/R2 na segunda reação. A identificação foi realizada através de PCR duplo com iniciadores específicos e análises de RFLP com as enzimas de restrição AluI, RsaI, KpnI, MseI, HhaI, HpaII, HinfI e MboI. Em 23 plantas amostradas, fitoplasmas foram detectados em 10 delas, através da amplificação do 16S rDNA, visualizado em gel de agarose na forma de bandas de 1,2Kb. A identificação por PCR demonstrou que os fitoplasmas associados ao amarelo da videira pertenciam aos grupos 16SrI e 16SrIII. As análises dos perfis eletroforéticos obtidos com o uso da técnica de RFLP revelaram a presença de fitoplasmas afiliados ao subgrupo 16SrI-B. A constatação de fitoplasmas pertencentes a estes dois grupos nas plantas amostradas demonstraram a ocorrência da doença conhecida como amarelo da videira nos Estados de São Paulo e Paraná. As pesquisas desenvolvidas neste trabalho vêm contribuir para aumentar os conhecimentos sobre o papel e a diversidade dos fitoplasmas no agroecossistema brasileiro. / Yellows diseases are associated with phytoplasmas, wall-less prokaryotes, inhabitant of phloem vessels. Damage caused by these diseases are relevant for some important cultivated botanical species. Grapevine yellows diseases have been observed in several areas of the world, but in Brazil the presence of these diseases had not been reported yet. In vineyards located in São Paulo and Paraná States, plants exhibiting symptoms similar those observed in grapevines from other countries have been observed. The symptoms were characterized by yellowing or redding of leaf blade and ribs, leaf blade necrosis and main ribs fissures. In order to detect and identify phytoplasmas associated with those kind of symptoms, leaves and stems were sampled from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants. The phytoplasma detection was conducted with nested PCR using the primer pairs R16mF1/mR2 or P1/P7 for first reaction and 16 F2n/R2 for second reaction. The identification was carried out by nested PCR with group-specifc primer pairs and RFLP analyses with enzymes AluI, RsaI, KpnI, MseI, HhaI, HpaII, HinfI and MboI. From a total of 23 samples analysed, phytoplasmas were detected in 10 of them, through amplification of the 16S rDNA, visualized through a 1.2Kb band in agarose gel. The identification by PCR demonstrated that phytoplasmas associated with grapevine yellow belong to 16SrI and 16SrIII groups. Analyses of electrophoretic profiles revealed the presence of phytoplasmas affiliated to 16SrI-B subgroup. The presence of phytoplasmas belonging to these two groups in the sampled plants demonstrated the occurrence of yellow disease in grapevine in São Paulo and Paraná States. The investigation conducted in the present work contributed to the knowledgement of the role and the diversity of phytoplasmas in Brasilian ecosystem. amarelos doença de planta aspecto econômico DNA DNA economic aspect eletroforese em gel eletrophorese in agarose gel fitoplamas fitosanity fitossanidade grapevine marcador molecular molecular weight marker mollicutes mollicutes phytoplasmas uva yellows plant disease
14	Fylogeografie a genetická variabilita \kur{Diuraphis noxia} (\kur{Aphididae}) / Fylogeography and genetics variability of \kur{Diuraphis noxia} (\kur{Aphididae}) PAŠÍKOVSKÝ, Jiří January 2011 (has links) The aim of this work was a research of the genetic variability of natural populations of Russian wheat aphid Diuraphis noxia (Aphididae) by means of microsatellite markers and markers for EPIC-PCR. First goal was to introduce the methods and optimise them for Diuraphis noxia. In the follow-up pilot study, specimens from 47 lines representing 12 populations from all over the world were analysed. Having used microsatellite markers, I proved expected variability among individual populations and within them. The highest genetic variability was detected between Chile and Algeria using markers for cytochrome C in EPIC-PCR. These findings can be used for further studies of the genetic variability of the aphid Diuraphis noxia.
15	Detecção e identificação molecular de fitoplasmas associados ao amarelo da videira. / Detection and molecular identification of phytoplasmas associated to grapevine yellow disease. Raquel de Cássia Neroni 01 February 2005 (has links) Os amarelos estão associados a fitoplasmas, procariotos pertencentes à classe Mollicutes que não possuem parede celular e habitam o floema de plantas. Os danos causados pelas doenças de etiologia fitoplasmática são relevantes e podem ocorrer em diversas espécies economicamente importantes. Em videira, pesquisas realizadas em várias partes do mundo têm relatado a presença das doenças do tipo amarelo, porém, no Brasil, estas doenças ainda não foram relatadas para esta cultura. Em vinhedos comerciais localizados nos Estados de São Paulo e Paraná têm sido observadas plantas com sintomas semelhantes àqueles provocados por fitoplasmas em outros países. Estes sintomas têm sido caracterizados por amarelecimento e ou avermelhamento foliar, necrose do limbo e rachaduras nas nervuras principais. Com o objetivo de detectar e identificar molecularmente fitoplasmas associados a estes tipos de sintomas, folhas e ramos foram amostrados a partir de plantas sintomática e assintomáticas. A detecção foi conduzida com PCR duplo usando-se os iniciadores R16 mF1/mR2 ou P1/P7 na primeira reação e R16 F2n/R2 na segunda reação. A identificação foi realizada através de PCR duplo com iniciadores específicos e análises de RFLP com as enzimas de restrição AluI, RsaI, KpnI, MseI, HhaI, HpaII, HinfI e MboI. Em 23 plantas amostradas, fitoplasmas foram detectados em 10 delas, através da amplificação do 16S rDNA, visualizado em gel de agarose na forma de bandas de 1,2Kb. A identificação por PCR demonstrou que os fitoplasmas associados ao amarelo da videira pertenciam aos grupos 16SrI e 16SrIII. As análises dos perfis eletroforéticos obtidos com o uso da técnica de RFLP revelaram a presença de fitoplasmas afiliados ao subgrupo 16SrI-B. A constatação de fitoplasmas pertencentes a estes dois grupos nas plantas amostradas demonstraram a ocorrência da doença conhecida como amarelo da videira nos Estados de São Paulo e Paraná. As pesquisas desenvolvidas neste trabalho vêm contribuir para aumentar os conhecimentos sobre o papel e a diversidade dos fitoplasmas no agroecossistema brasileiro. / Yellows diseases are associated with phytoplasmas, wall-less prokaryotes, inhabitant of phloem vessels. Damage caused by these diseases are relevant for some important cultivated botanical species. Grapevine yellows diseases have been observed in several areas of the world, but in Brazil the presence of these diseases had not been reported yet. In vineyards located in São Paulo and Paraná States, plants exhibiting symptoms similar those observed in grapevines from other countries have been observed. The symptoms were characterized by yellowing or redding of leaf blade and ribs, leaf blade necrosis and main ribs fissures. In order to detect and identify phytoplasmas associated with those kind of symptoms, leaves and stems were sampled from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants. The phytoplasma detection was conducted with nested PCR using the primer pairs R16mF1/mR2 or P1/P7 for first reaction and 16 F2n/R2 for second reaction. The identification was carried out by nested PCR with group-specifc primer pairs and RFLP analyses with enzymes AluI, RsaI, KpnI, MseI, HhaI, HpaII, HinfI and MboI. From a total of 23 samples analysed, phytoplasmas were detected in 10 of them, through amplification of the 16S rDNA, visualized through a 1.2Kb band in agarose gel. The identification by PCR demonstrated that phytoplasmas associated with grapevine yellow belong to 16SrI and 16SrIII groups. Analyses of electrophoretic profiles revealed the presence of phytoplasmas affiliated to 16SrI-B subgroup. The presence of phytoplasmas belonging to these two groups in the sampled plants demonstrated the occurrence of yellow disease in grapevine in São Paulo and Paraná States. The investigation conducted in the present work contributed to the knowledgement of the role and the diversity of phytoplasmas in Brasilian ecosystem. amarelos doença de planta aspecto econômico DNA eletroforese em gel fitoplamas fitossanidade marcador molecular mollicutes uva DNA economic aspect eletrophorese in agarose gel fitosanity grapevine molecular weight marker mollicutes phytoplasmas yellows plant disease
16	Fantomy pro oftalmologický ultrazvukový systém / Phantoms for ultrasound system in ophthalmology Fabík, Vojtěch January 2013 (has links) In our work we have studied the ultrasonic imaging systems and their use in ophthalmology, especially with the device Nidek 4000. We described ophthalmological examination methods. In addition, we are using the simulation program Field II. It simulated eye phantom and created his B-scan and biometry, where we compared the effects of different central frequency ultrasonic probes and different speeds of sound in the resulting values. We also created phantoms using agarose gel and materials of different properties. On phantoms, we studied the effect of the velocity of ultrasound in measurement results, effect of the concentration of the agarose gel to the velocity of sound. And we created phantoms simulating the human eye. Measurement protocol was created for use in teaching.
17	The Characterisation of Putative Nuclear Pore-Anchoring Proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana Collins, Patrick January 2013 (has links) The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is perhaps the largest protein complex in the eukaryotic cell, and controls the movement of molecules across the nuclear envelope. The NPC is composed of up to 30 proteins termed nucleoporins (Nups), each grouped in different sub-complexes. The transmembrane ring sub-complex is composed of Nups responsible for anchoring the NPC to the nuclear envelope. Bioinformatic analysis has traced all major sub-complexes of the NPC back to the last eukaryotic common ancestor, meaning that the nuclear pore structure and function is conserved amongst all eukaryotes. In this study Arabidopsis T-DNA knockout lines for these genes were investigated to characterise gene function. Differences in plant growth and development were observed for the ndc1 knockout line compared to wild-type but gp210 plants showed no phenotypic differences. The double knockout line gp210 ndc1 was generated through crosses to observe plant response to the knockout of two anchoring-Nup genes. No synergistic affect from this double knockout was observed, suggesting that more, as yet unidentified Nups function the transmembrane ring in plants. The sensitivity to nuclear export inhibitor leptomycin B (LMB) was tested also for knockout lines, although growth sensitivity to the drug was not observed. Nucleocytoplasmic transport of knockout lines was measured in cells transformed by particle bombardment. To express fluorescent protein constructs actively transported through the NPC, localisation of protein determined the nucleocytoplasmic transport of the cell. The ndc1single knockout and the double knockout gp210 ndc1 exhibited decreased nuclear export. Further experiments in determining NDC1 localisation and identification of other Nups in the transmembrane ring sub-complex would bring a more comprehensive understanding to the plant NPC. Arabidopsis thaliana transformation insert transient expression epidermal cells root cells gene protein plant bolting flowering root growth knockout ndc1 gp210 At1g73240 At5g40480 SALK SAIL Columbia seed germination DNA sequencing light microscopy stereo-fluorescence microscopy DNA extraction cell nucleus cytoplasm nucleoplasm nuclear pore complex nucleoporin nuclear envelope putative nuclear pore-anchoring protein leptomycin B gene gun particle bombardment agrobacterium T-DNA fasciation rhodococcus fascians cross reverse genetics nucleocytoplasmic transport cross self synergistic silique transmembrane ring dihybrid pumilo homology domain protein GFP YFP RFP PCR homozygote heterozygote inhibition

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