Orientador: Helenice Bosco de Oliveira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T14:44:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sinkoc_VeronicaMaria_M.pdf: 2765446 bytes, checksum: 1e087ff6d8e23a0f150c621123e6b8ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / Resumo: Existe consenso de que a pandemia do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) desencadeou um aumento na incidência da tuberculose. Por outro lado, a tuberculose diminui a sobrevida de pessoas com HIV. Este estudo teve por objetivo descrever aspectos epidemiológicos, a apresentação clínica, diagnóstico e evolução de pacientes com co-infecção tuberculose-HIV . Foi realizado estudo descritivo de pacientes adultos com tuberculose, notificados em 1998, pelo Núcleo de Vigilância Epidemiológica do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, que apresentavam sorologia positiva para o HIV. Foram incluídos pacientes com 13 anos de idade ou mais. Noventa e oito pacientes foram estudados. A relação masculino/feminino foi de 2,6/1, sendo que as mulheres eram mais jovens e com menos escolaridade que os homens. Houve referência de drogadição por 54,8% dos pacientes e etilismo por 57,3%. A exposição anterior a doentes de tuberculose aconteceu em 43,9%. O diagnóstico de infecção pelo HIV foi simultâneo ao de tuberculose em 31,6% e a tuberculose foi a doença definidora de AIDS em 46,9% dos pacientes. O diagnóstico de infecção pelo HIV simultâneo à tuberculose esteve relacionado à hospitalização, enquanto o uso de drogas esteve relacionado ao diagnóstico prévio de infecção pelo HIV. A média e mediana de contagem de linfócitos T CD4 foram respectivamente 187 e 111 cel/mm3 no momento do diagnóstico da tuberculose. A apresentação clínica pulmonar isolada aconteceu em 39,8%, a extrapulmonar em 30,6% e associação de ambas em 29,6%. O diagnóstico de tuberculose foi realizado com base na presença de bacilo álcool-ácido resistente ou M. tuberculosis em 65,3% e exames que sugeriam tuberculose em 34,7% dos pacientes estudados. A internação por ocasião do diagnóstico de tuberculose aconteceu em 53,1%. A evolução dos casos foi de cura em 35,7%, abandono 21,4%, óbito 32,7% e transferência, 10,2%. Ao comparar cura e óbito, a hospitalização possibilitou 7,3 vezes mais chance de óbito. Estes dados mostram a gravidade da tuberculose em pacientes com HIV. Estratégias para realizar diagnóstico precoce do HIV devem ser implementadas na população, favorecendo a aplicação de profilaxia para tuberculose e o controle da imunossupressão através de terapia anti-retroviral / Abstract: There is a consensus that the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) pandemia elevated the incidence of tuberculosis. On the other hand, tuberculosis reduces the survival rate of individuals with HIV. The objective of this study was to describe epidemiological aspects as well as the clinical, diagnostic and evolutional presentation of patients co-infected with HIV-tuberculosis. A descriptive study was conducted on adult tuberculous patients who presented seropositive HIV. These patients were reported in 1998 by the Epidemiological Surveillance Group, Clinical Hospital, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP). The study sample consisted of 98 patients whose ages were 13 years and above. The male/female ratio was 2.6:1. The women were younger than the men and had lower educational levels. Drug addiction was reported by 54.8% of the patients and 57.3% reported alcoholism. Previous exposure to tuberculosis had occurred in 43.9% of the patients. HIV and tuberculosis were diagnosed simultaneously in 31.6% and tuberculosis was the defining AIDS disease in 46.9% of the patients. The simultaneous diagnosis of HIV and tuberculosis was related to hospitalization while the use of drug was related to a previous diagnosis of HIV infection. The mean and median T CD4 lymphocytic counts at diagnosis of tuberculosis were 187 and 111 cells/mm3, respectively. The isolated pulmonary clinical presentation occurred in 39.8%, extrapulmonary in 30.6% and an association of both in 29.6%. Tuberculosis was diagnosed in 65.3% based on the presence of the Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) or the M. tuberculosis and by examinations that indicated 34.7%. After a diagnosis of tuberculosis, hospitalization occurred in 53.1%. The percentage of cases that evolved with a cure was 35.7%, 21.4% abandoned, 32.7% died and 10.2% were transferred. When cure was compared with death rate, it revealed that hospitalizations increased by 7.3 fold the chances of death. These data demonstrate the severity of tuberculosis in HIV patients. Strategies for early HIV diagnosis should be implemented so that tuberculosis can be prophylactically treated and immunossupression controlled with the antiretroviral therapy / Mestrado / Saude Coletiva / Mestre em Saude Coletiva

Orientadores: Maria Marluce dos Santos Vilela, Ricardo Cordeiro / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T18:09:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Centeville_Maraisa_M.pdf: 1506618 bytes, checksum: 50b3a0b663caa9c4ad5259814066478f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Resumo: A partir da revisão dos prontuários de 165 crianças com infecção congênita pelo HIV-1 seguidas no Ambulatório de Imunodeficiência Pediátrica do Hospital de Clínicas da UNICAMP, construímos curvas de sobrevida abrangendo o período de 1989 a 1999. Os sujeitos foram divididos em três grupos segundo seu ano de início de seguimento ambulatorial. O primeiro grupo incluiu crianças que iniciaram seu seguimento entre 1989 e 1992, quando o único tratamento disponível era a zidovudina (AZT), indicada apenas em estágios avançados da doença. O segundo grupo foi de 1993 a 1996, quando já existiam outros medicamentos disponíveis, sua indicação era mais precoce e o avanço do conhecimento da doença permitiu medidas preventivas da transmissão vertical. O terceiro grupo abrangeu o período de 1997 a 1999, quando foram introduzidos os inibidores de protease, classe de medicamentos mais eficazes em interromper a replicação viral. As curvas de sobrevida construídas a partir desses grupos mostraram-se significativamente diferentes, ocorrendo maior risco de óbito conforme a gravidade da doença e a precocidade do início do seguimento e diagnóstico, não havendo mudança no risco de óbito relacionado a outras variáveis, como gênero, peso de nascimento e aleitamento materno / Abstract: By the record review of 165 HIV-1 perinatally infected children followed at HC-UNICAMP Immunologic Pediatrics Service, between 1989 and 1999, data were gotten for this population construction of a survival curves. The population was divided into three groups according to its follow-up starting: Group 1: from 1989 t0 1992; Group 2: from 1993 to 1996; Group 3: from 1997 to 1999. These periods were based on treatment changes and on improuving knowledges about disease. In the first period the current treatment was the use of AZT, and it was just started whem the child was severily simpthomatic. In the second period there were more avaiable drugs, and the first treatment must be the combination of two drugs. A new kind of drugs was aviable in the third period. They would be protease inhibitor, used together with the previous ones. This association can inhibit the viral replication completely. Our data showed that the three groups survival expectance was diferent. The survival expectance is bigger in group 3 than in group 2 and group 1. It probably reflects the drug treatment improvement, as well as the support offered to these patients. We also found that early onset simptoms and clinical classification C at folow-up starting were associated with lower survival expectance. In other hand, birth weight, gender and breast feeding were not correlated with survival expectance changes / Mestrado / Pediatria / Mestre em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente

Orientador : Pablo Agustin Vargas / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T19:45:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rangel_AnaLuciaCarrinhoAyroza_D.pdf: 1133967 bytes, checksum: 46dc54a52ec7beba5652909ef30444e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Doutorado

Tese (livre-docencia) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T22:48:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vargas_PabloAgustin_LD.pdf: 3141410 bytes, checksum: 6c044653221d85f38c2515a3de09db33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Resumo: Não informado / Abstract: Not informed / Tese (livre-docencia) - Univer / Patologia Bucal / Livre-Docente em Odontologia

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T18:31:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo8071_1.pdf: 858986 bytes, checksum: 9df2c957ba9deda2147047654f1862b1 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Tendo em vista que são poucos os trabalhos na literatura que falam sobre os fatores que levam a falha terapêutica, em pacientes submetidos ao tratamento anti-retroviral, e em particular no estado de Pernambuco, fomos motivados a realizar o presente estudo no qual o objetivo foi descrever o resultado ao tratamento anti-retroviral de pacientes com AIDS. O desenho do estudo foi descritivo do tipo serie de casos, a população de estudo foram indivíduos maiores de 13 anos de idade, com diagnóstico de AIDS (baseado na definição Brasileira de Casos de AIDS em adultos do Ministério de Saúde), atendidos no ambulatório de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. No período de fevereiro 2002 a agosto de 2003 . Sessenta e nove pacientes foram incluídos e acompanhados, dos quais, sete foram excluídos por falta de dados de CD4+ e Carga viral. Na primeira avaliação, os pacientes foram classificados segundo os critérios de Caracas e CDC modificado, preenchidos questionários, a carga viral quantificada pelo método NASBA e os CD4+ foram realizados por citometria de fluxo. Esses exames foram colhidos ao início, 4, 8 e 12 meses de terapia .Entre os pacientes estudados a maioria era do sexo masculino 41 (59,4%), com idade media entre 30 e 39 anos 28(40,6%). Vente e sete pacientes (39,1%) tinha de 4 A 7 anos de estudo, 62% dos pacientes eram heterossexuais, o tempo de acompanhamento médio foi de 12 meses, e 82,6% eram portadores de AIDS de acordo com os critérios de CDC. Observou-se uma marcada redução da Carga viral a partir do 4 mês de terapia a < 400 cópias/ml e ao final dos 12 meses de tratamento anti-retroviral a maioria tinha CD4+>200 células/mm3 Dos 69 pacientes acompanhados 48 (69,6%) apresentavam boa resposta ao tratamento e 14 (20,4% foi o percentual de falha terapêutica. A terapia mais utilizada (72,5%) foi:2 ITRN+1 ITRNN e os três esquemas mais utilizados foram; Zidovudina +Lamivudina + Efavirenz; Estavudina+ Lamivudina + Efavirenz ; Zidovudina +Lamivudina +Nelfinavir . Não houve associação entre o esquema utilizado, as condições socioeconômicas e demográficas; a adesão, mudança de regime e a categoria de exposição com falha terapêutica. HAART foi efetivo no 69,6%. As condições sócio-econômicas, demográficas e clínicas, imunológicas, virológicas e esquemas terapêuticos utilizados não se mostraram associadas a falha terapêutica, neste corto período

Orientador : Adriana Seva-Pereira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-14T22:40:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_HelenaSantos_M.pdf: 1042138 bytes, checksum: ff56989989a009b866d2c4fbfc4fb96d (MD5) Previous issue date: 1989 / Resumo: Com o objetivo de pesquisar a diarréia e a malabsorção de lactose na síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida, foram estudados 25 aidéticos brancos e comparados com 40 caucasóides normais (grupo controle) . Foi verificado que 50% dos pacientes com AlDS apresentaram história de diarréia em algum momento da doença. A freqüência de malabsorção de lactose nesta síndrome foi de 50%, estatisticamente igual à do grupo controle, não sendo então, a AlDS causa de deficiência secundária de lactase. A história de intolerância ao leite na síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida foi de 44%, diferente estatisticamente do grupo controle (12%). A freqüência de consumo grande de leite nos pacientes com AlDS (75%) foi estatisticamente igual à do grupo controle (70%), Foram também discutidos, neste trabalho, aspectos fisiopatologia da diarréia na AIDS e sua relação com a malabsorção lactose. / Abstract: In order to Investigate diarrhea and lactose malabsorption in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, 25 white patients with AIDS were studied and compared to 40 healthy Caucasoids individuals (control group). 60% of patients with AIDS showed history of diarrhea in some point of their illness. The frequency of lactose malabsorption in this syndrome was 60%, statistically equal to the control group. Therefore, AIDS is not cause of secondary lactase deficiency. The history of milk intolerance in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was about 44%, statistically different from the control group (12%). The frequency of high m11k Intake In AIDS patients (76%) was statistically similar to the control group (70%). Physiopathological aspects of diarrhea in AIDS as well as their relationship with lactose malabsorption were also discussed. / Mestrado / Mestre em Ciências Médicas

The joint United Nations programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) in collaboration with the World health Organization (WHO) published a report stating that, 42 million people are living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) globally, where 20 million people had already died and where HIV, the virus that causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome continued to spread in all countries (Pratt, 2003). In South Africa it is estimated that a total number of 5.6 million individuals have acquired HIV infection by the end of 2003 (Department of Health, 2004). Highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) is presently the treatment of choice for people with HIV/AIDS. These drug cocktails of protease inhibitors and nucleosides led to the first real medical progress in the treatment of the epidemic. Although most people with HIV/AIDS are encouraged by the results of using the cocktail of Antiretroviral drugs (ARV’s), a recent study published indicated that 27% of people who are HIV positive have an infection that is resistant to all three classes of HIV drugs presently available (Voelker, 2000). This evidence show that there is a need for Alternative and Complementary Therapies to treat a significant number of people living with HIV infection. The aim of this study was to determine, by means of a questionnaire survey the perceived effect of Complementary Immune Boosters in HIV/AIDS patients in Johannesburg, Gauteng. This study also determined the knowledge people have of HIV/AIDS and how patients knew about the availability of Complementary Immune Boosters. Age, gender, marital status and employment status of patients were also determined. This study involved acquiring questionnaire survey responses from 200 participants in Johannesburg, Gauteng. Participants were recruited from twenty health shops and pharmacies that purchase Complementary Immune Boosters. A motivating letter (Appendix A) was hand delivered to health shops and pharmacies by the researcher prior to the completion of the questionnaire (Appendix B) to notify the pharmacist or health shop attendant about the research. Responses were recorded and correlated and analysed using qualitative and quantitative methods, including descriptive statistics. The results of this study provide a database estimating how effective Complementary Immune Boosters are on HIV/AIDS patients and reasons why HIV/AIDS patients choose to utilize Complementary Immune Boosters to boost their immune system or to relieve some of their symptoms. Of the 200 respondents only 40% said they are HIV positive, 22.4% said they are not and 37.6% said they do not know if they are HIV positive. The data showed that the percentages of respondents are almost equal with males (51.0%) and females 49.0%. In addition, the majority of respondents are blacks with 81.8%, the second group are whites 8.6%, and coloured 7.1% and Asians are only 2.5%. Cellfood (26.8%) was the most used product by respondents, followed by Hypoxis Hemenocallidea (African potato) 17.7%. The remaining 55,5% was shared by other Immune Boosters. Most respondents said they consume Complementary Immune Boosters to boost their immune system. Data showed that only 1.5% of respondents were advised by their medical practitioners to use Complementary Immune Boosters. With the study done on attitudes of medical practitioners regarding Complementary medicine in South Africa, 70% of medical practitioners felt that Complementary and Alternative Medicine should play an active role in the health care system in South Africa (Selli, 2003). The results of this study are expected to initiate further, much needed research in the area of HIV/AIDS and Complementary and Alternative Medicine. / Dr. M.R.A Moiloa Dr. S. Koopedi

M.Comm. / HIV/AIDS is no longer merely a threat to the future of South African organisations; it is a current reality. The essential purpose of this study is to serve as a current and future HIV/AIDS management guideline for strategic managers in South African business organisations. This study saves managers time and effort in researching various aspects regarding the impacts of HIV/AIDS on their organisations and provides a consolidated view on current and future realities regarding HIV/AIDS and the business organisation. The primary objective of the research is to enlighten strategic managers on various aspects surrounding the impacts that HIV/AIDS could have on their organisations. In order to provide for a full comprehension of potential impacts, the nature of the pandemic is discussed so that managers can be aware of the physical effects of the disease and the way it influences employees during its various stages. Furthermore, the psychological effects of the disease and related consequences on individual performance and employee morale are examined. It is also important for managers to know about legal implications surrounding HIV/AIDS and the workplace. Employees have certain rights that have been expressly stipulated in South African law that employers must be aware of and understand, that are highlighted in the study. Furthermore, guidelines pertaining to discrimination and unfair dismissal are also discussed. Business organisations exist in order to make a profit. It is extensively discussed in this study, however, that if HIV/AIDS is not correctly managed in an organisation, sustainability of profit will be negatively affected. This is because HIV/AIDS holds numerous direct and indirect costs for business organisations, since it directly impacts labour as an important business resource. In addition, the South African macro-economy has already been affected by HIV/AIDS. For example, disposable income in some households is declining because breadwinners are lost to the pandemic. This affects organisations’ customer and client bases and calls for possible strategic repositioning. In order to combat the potentially devastating impacts of HIV/AIDS on business organisations, guidelines on the planning and implementation of a comprehensive HIV/AIDS policy are provided. Furthermore, some strategic considerations for the management of HIV/AIDS in business organisations are provided as guidelines to assist managers in adjusting current strategies in order to still meet their original goals. The unique opportunities that HIV/AIDS holds for organisations are also examined. A limitation of the study is that the political impacts of HIV/AIDS have not been included due to public controversy and the will of the researcher to provide objective, scientific and factual content only. Furthermore, this study is focused on the most critical future impacts for business organisations based on current and forecasted occurrences. Because HIV/AIDS is a long-term pandemic, current infections are still going to affect businesses in the future. Therefore, this study has been compiled to be as independent of time as possible, providing the foundational aspects for current and future managers to prepare themselves for those impacts. / Prof. N. Lessing

No abstract available. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Centre for Human Rights / unrestricted

M.B.A. / It is universally accepted that HIV/AIDS is one of the greatest threats facing mankind. It has a profound effect on humanity from a social, political and economical perspective and its effect can be catastrophic. Many research studies have highlighted the devastating effect of HIV/AIDS on people and society irrespective of geography albeit that the impact of HIV/AIDS varies from place to place. Further it has a profound impact on the economical well being of an individual, an organisation and for that matter an entire economy. Building blocks of economies throughout the world, in the developed and developing world, are people. People make up the labour force that organisations draw on in the various economies. Anything that upsets the productive labour force has a profound impact on the success and sustainability of these economies. In laymen terms an economy is based on individuals and grouped into structures that are organisational in nature. Organisations are essentially made up of a collection of people brought together to work in a collaborative manner and achieve an overall organisational objective. Therefore the impact of HIV/AIDS on the productive labour force affects the organisation directly which in turn has a casual effect on the entire economy. Organisations are therefore a critical stakeholder in the redressing of HIV/AIDS. Although a substantial amount of research has been conducted highlighting the impact of HIV/AIDS to an organisation there has largely been apathy by organisations in addressing HIV/AIDS. This has however improved over a period of time as the impact of HIV/AIDS on an organisation has been documented with greater accuracy and the analytical tools, methodologies and monitoring mechanisms have improved. This dissertation attempts to determine to what extent an organisation, Organisation X, is successful in the positive maximisation of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) with regard to HIV/AIDS considering that many academics and industry specialists have expressed that to address the HIV/AIDS problem one has to focus on KAP. Organisation X was chosen since it is acknowledged by its industry peers, government and nongovernment organisations as having made considerable success in addressing HIV/AIDS from an organisational perspective.