Orientador: Renata Garcia Fonseca / Resumo: Pouco se sabe sobre o efeito do jateamento pré-sinterização da zircônia na sua resistência mecânica, sob condições de envelhecimento. Este estudo avaliou a influência do tamanho da partícula, do momento do jateamento e do envelhecimento na resistência mecânica de uma zircônia estabilizada por ítria. Quatrocentos discos de uma zircônia estabilizada por ítria pré-sinterizados foram alocados como segue: sem jateamento; jateamento com partículas de óxido de alumínio (Al2O3) de 50 µm ou 120 µm antes (50/PRÉ ou 120/PRÉ) ou após (50/PÓS ou 120/PÓS) sua sinterização. Os discos foram não envelhecidos (24h) ou envelhecidos por: ciclagem mecânica (CM); envelhecimento hidrotérmico (EH) ou CM+EH, totalizando 20 grupos (n=20). Os espécimes foram submetidos ao teste de resistência à flexão biaxial (RFB) e, posteriormente, foram analisados fractograficamente. A análise de difração de raios-X (DRX) foi realizada em determinadas condições para caracterizar cristalograficamente o efeito do jateamento na zircônia. Os dados de RFB (MPa) foram analisados por ANOVA a 3 fatores e pós teste de Games Howell (α=0,05). Também foi realizada análise de Weibull. A RFB e a resistência característica (σ0) dos grupos 120/PÓS, envelhecidos ou não, foram significativamente maiores que as dos demais grupos jateados, e estatisticamente similares ou maiores que as dos respectivos grupos sem jateamento. Em contrapartida, o grupo 120/PRÉ/não envelhecido e todos os grupos 50/PRÉ apresentaram os menores valores. Em to... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Little is known about the effect of air-abrasion before zirconia sintering on its strength, under aging challenge. This study aimed to verify the influence of the airabrasion moment (before or after zirconia sintering), particle size (50 or 120 µm) and aging on the mechanical strength of a Y-TZP ceramic. Four hundred pre-sintered zirconia discs were allocated as follows: non-air-abraded; air-abraded with 50 µm or 120 µm Al2O3 particles before (50/BS or 120/BS) or after sintering (50/AS or 120/AS). The discs were non-aged (24h) or aged by: mechanical cycling (MC); hydrothermal aging (HA) or by both methods (MC+HA), totaling 20 groups (n=20). Specimens were subjected to biaxial flexural strength test (BFS). Fractographic analysis was performed to identify the fracture origin. The X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) was performed under certain conditions to characterize the crystallographic effect of airabrasion on the zirconia. The BFS data (MPa) were analyzed by ANOVA and Games Howell post hoc test (α=.05). Weibull statistics was also applied. The BFS and the characteristic resistance (σ0) of the 120/AS groups, aged or not, were significantly higher than those of the other air-abraded groups, and statistically similar or higher than the respective groups without air-abrasion. In contrast, the 120/BS/non-aged group and all those 50/BS presented the lowest values. In all groups, the initial defect had its origin on the tensile stress side. Neither air-abrasion nor aging (except for 50/AS/MC+HA) reduced the zirconia reliability compared with the respective controls. Air-abrasion promotes an increase in the monoclinic phase content, while sintering zeroed this phase. Air-abrasion before zirconia sintering yields worse performance for BFS than after sintering, under aging challenges. The BFS and σ0 were strongly determined by the particle size and air-abrasion moment / Doutor

Submitted by Samira Branco Martins (samirabmartins@foar.unesp.br) on 2018-08-30T19:44:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE DOUTORADO SAMIRA .pdf: 933881 bytes, checksum: 1ebe4097c1b2d6665a4be82cc94f2dfa (MD5) / Rejected by Marley Cristina Chiusoli Montagnoli (marley@foar.unesp.br), reason: Por favor, fazer as seguintes correções: - inserir a ficha catalográfica no arquivo de sua tese; - quando for preencher metadados, preencher o campo Agência de fomento. on 2018-09-04T12:52:59Z (GMT) / Submitted by Samira Branco Martins (samirabmartins@foar.unesp.br) on 2018-09-06T18:29:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE DOUTORADO SAMIRA .pdf: 1082516 bytes, checksum: 012f9fe0b3e970650b71802c977af92d (MD5) / Rejected by Marley Cristina Chiusoli Montagnoli (marley@foar.unesp.br), reason: A ficha catalográfica está fora do padrão. Quando for inserir no seu arquivo observar em opções de colagem e escolher a opção que não desconfigure a sua ficha. Qualquer dúvida procure a Biblioteca de sua unidade. on 2018-09-06T19:06:06Z (GMT) / Submitted by Samira Branco Martins (samirabmartins@foar.unesp.br) on 2018-09-06T20:03:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE DOUTORADO SAMIRA.pdf: 939079 bytes, checksum: 5d37e78b11c143842a751fbaf6498aa2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marley Cristina Chiusoli Montagnoli (marley@foar.unesp.br) on 2018-09-10T17:35:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 martins_sb_dr_arafor.int.pdf: 879795 bytes, checksum: 35bf73c7fbec804a07b0b28fe05ae668 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-10T17:35:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 martins_sb_dr_arafor.int.pdf: 879795 bytes, checksum: 35bf73c7fbec804a07b0b28fe05ae668 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Pouco se sabe sobre o efeito do jateamento pré-sinterização da zircônia na sua resistência mecânica, sob condições de envelhecimento. Este estudo avaliou a influência do tamanho da partícula, do momento do jateamento e do envelhecimento na resistência mecânica de uma zircônia estabilizada por ítria. Quatrocentos discos de uma zircônia estabilizada por ítria pré-sinterizados foram alocados como segue: sem jateamento; jateamento com partículas de óxido de alumínio (Al2O3) de 50 µm ou 120 µm antes (50/PRÉ ou 120/PRÉ) ou após (50/PÓS ou 120/PÓS) sua sinterização. Os discos foram não envelhecidos (24h) ou envelhecidos por: ciclagem mecânica (CM); envelhecimento hidrotérmico (EH) ou CM+EH, totalizando 20 grupos (n=20). Os espécimes foram submetidos ao teste de resistência à flexão biaxial (RFB) e, posteriormente, foram analisados fractograficamente. A análise de difração de raios-X (DRX) foi realizada em determinadas condições para caracterizar cristalograficamente o efeito do jateamento na zircônia. Os dados de RFB (MPa) foram analisados por ANOVA a 3 fatores e pós teste de Games Howell (α=0,05). Também foi realizada análise de Weibull. A RFB e a resistência característica (σ0) dos grupos 120/PÓS, envelhecidos ou não, foram significativamente maiores que as dos demais grupos jateados, e estatisticamente similares ou maiores que as dos respectivos grupos sem jateamento. Em contrapartida, o grupo 120/PRÉ/não envelhecido e todos os grupos 50/PRÉ apresentaram os menores valores. Em todos os grupos, o defeito inicial se originou na superfície submetida à tração. Nem o jateamento, nem o envelhecimento (exceto o grupo 50/PÓS/CM+EH) reduziram a confiabilidade da zircônia em relação à dos respectivos grupos controles. O jateamento promoveu um aumento do conteúdo de fase monoclínica, enquanto a sinterização zerou essa fase. O jateamento da zircônia antes da sinterização teve pior desempenho para RFB em comparação ao realizado após sua sinterização, sob os meios de envelhecimentos. A RFB e σ0 foram fortemente determinadas pelo tamanho da partícula e pelo momento do jateamento, enquanto o envelhecimento agiu apenas quando a zircônia foi jateada antes da sinterização. / Little is known about the effect of air-abrasion before zirconia sintering on its strength, under aging challenge. This study aimed to verify the influence of the air-abrasion moment (before or after zirconia sintering), particle size (50 or 120 μm) and aging on the mechanical strength of a Y-TZP ceramic. Four hundred pre-sintered zirconia discs were allocated as follows: non-air-abraded; air-abraded with 50 μm or 120 μm Al2O3 particles before (50/BS or 120/BS) or after sintering (50/AS or 120/AS). The discs were non-aged (24h) or aged by: mechanical cycling (MC); hydrothermal aging (HA) or by both methods (MC+HA), totaling 20 groups (n=20). Specimens were subjected to biaxial flexural strength test (BFS). Fractographic analysis was performed to identify the fracture origin. The X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) was performed under certain conditions to characterize the crystallographic effect of air-abrasion on the zirconia. The BFS data (MPa) were analyzed by ANOVA and Games Howell post hoc test (α=.05). Weibull statistics was also applied. The BFS and the characteristic resistance (σ0) of the 120/AS groups, aged or not, were significantly higher than those of the other air-abraded groups, and statistically similar or higher than the respective groups without air-abrasion. In contrast, the 120/BS/non-aged group and all those 50/BS presented the lowest values. In all groups, the initial defect had its origin on the tensile stress side. Neither air-abrasion nor aging (except for 50/AS/MC+HA) reduced the zirconia reliability compared with the respective controls. Air-abrasion promotes an increase in the monoclinic phase content, while sintering zeroed this phase. Air-abrasion before zirconia sintering yields worse performance for BFS than after sintering, under aging challenges. The BFS and σ0 were strongly determined by the particle size and air-abrasion moment, while aging acted only when the zirconia was air-abraded before sintering.

Introduction: An optimal orthodontic bonding system must minimize damage to the enamel during conditioning, have enough bond strength to prevent bracket de-bonding during treatment, and allow bracket removal at treatment completion, such that minimal damage is inflicted to the tooth.1 Pumice followed by acid etching has been the standard for many years; however, Groman Inc. (Margate, FL, USA) has stated that using their air-abrasion product will result in a tripling of bond strength. This method claims a three-fold increase in bond strength compared to traditional acid etching techniques by substituting air-abrasion using the EtchMaster® (Groman Inc., Margate, FL) 50 μm aluminum oxide in place of pumice prophy prior to acid etching. The purpose of this study is to see if this combination does in fact triple shear bond strength, and if so, what impact it has on the residual enamel surface after bracket removal, or de-bonding. Methods: Ninety recently extracted bovine incisors were randomly divided into three groups. Each of the three groups underwent different conditioning methods prior to bracket bonding. Group A: pumice + acid etch (N=30), Group B: air-abrasion + acid etch (N=30), and Group C: air-abrasion only (N=30). Enamel surface conditions were characterized using a Quanta 200 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) (FEI, Hillsboro, OR) and a SZX7 Stereomicroscope System (Olympus, Center Valley, PA). American Orthodontics Master Series System twin MBT mandibular incisor brackets (Sheboygan, WI, USA) were then bonded to each tooth. Following bonding, teeth were stored for twenty-four hours in water at 37°C +/- 2°C. All groups then underwent thermocycling of five hundred cycles in water baths set at five and fifty-five degrees Celsius. Next, the samples were mounted in dental stone and brackets de-bonded using a universal testing machine (Instron, Canton, MA) to obtain shear bond strength (SBS) values. SEM and optical stereomicroscopy were again utilized to evaluate the enamel surface and determine the adhesive remnant index (ARI) was score of each specimen. Results: The mean of Group A (pumice + acid etch) was 21.52 MPa with a standard deviation of 4.97 MPa. The mean of Group B (air-abrasion + acid etch) was 21.83 MPa with a standard deviation of 7.55 Mpa. The mean of Group C (air-abrasion only) was 8.12 MPa with a standard deviation of 3.05 MPa. Analysis of variance showed a main effect of Group on MPa, F(2, 87) = 60.66, p < 0.001, ηp2= 0.58. Post-hoc analyses using Tukey’s HSD indicated that SBS values were higher for teeth in Group A than for those in Group C (p < 0.001), teeth in Group B had higher SBS values than those in Group C (p < 0.001), but no difference was found for SBS between teeth in Group A and Group B (p =0.981). Results from the Fisher’s Exact test, where we controlled the Type I error using a Bonferroni correction, reveals that ARI scores differed by group (p < 0.001). Stereomicroscope images at 38.75x magnification obtained following enamel conditioning show Groups A (P+AE) and B (AA+AE) are almost indistinguishable; however, Group C (AA) has visual differences. Group C had a speckled reflective property that appeared to be residual aluminum oxide particles. Following de-bond, stereomicroscopic and SEM images showed no enamel defects on the tooth. Conclusions: SBS was not significantly different between Group A (pumice + acid etch) and Group B (air-abrasion + acid etch). SBS was significantly different between Groups A and B, and Group C (air-abrasion only). This means there is not a three-fold increase in SBS when using air-abrasion and acid etch, when compared to pumice and acid etch, as claimed by the manufacturer of the air-abrasion unit used in this study. Additionally, the air-abrasion only group displayed a significantly lower SBS than Group A and B. Air-abrasion only is not a suitable enamel preparation method for orthodontic bonding. Images obtained from the stereomicroscope and SEM reveal no observational damage to the enamel surface topography after de-bonding for any group.

Objective: The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect of chairside surface treatments on biaxial flexural strength and subsurface damage of monolithic zirconia ceramics. Methods: Specimens (15x15x1.2 mm3) were prepared by sectioning from commercially available zirconia blanks (BruxZirTM) and sintering according to manufacturer's recommendations. Fully dense specimens were randomly divided into five groups (n=30) and treated as follows; 1) as-sintered (AS) 2) air abraded with 50 μm alumina fine particles (AAF), 3) air abraded with 250 μm coarse alumina particles (AAC), 4) ground (G), and 5) ground and polished (GP) to mimic chairside and dental laboratory treatments. Microstructural changes were thoroughly characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy, surface profilometry and atomic force microscopy. Crystalline phases and their depth profile were investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and grazing incidence x-ray diffraction (GIXRD). Results were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Tukey's adjustment for multiple comparisons. A 0.05 level of significance was used. Reliability was evaluated by Weibull analysis. Results: All treatment groups exhibited a significant difference in mean surface roughness (Rq) compared to the as-sintered group (p<0.05). The AAC group showed the highest surface roughness at 1.08 ± 0.17 μm, followed by the G, AAF and AS groups. The GP group exhibited the lowest surface roughness. The group air abraded with fine particles showed the highest mean biaxial flexural strength (1662.62 ± 202.58 MPa), but was not different from the ground and polished group (1567.19 ± 209.76 MPa). The groups air abraded with coarse particles or ground with diamond bur exhibited comparable mean biaxial flexural strength at 1371.37 ±147.62 MPa and 1356.98 ±196.77 MPa, respectively. The as-sintered group had the lowest mean biaxial flexural strength at 1202.29 ±141.92 MPa. The depth of compressive stress layer, measured by GIXRD was approximately 50 μm in the AAF group, followed by the AAC group with ~35 μm, ~10 μm for the ground group and ~5 μm for the ground and polished group. Deep subsurface cracks were observed in the AAC group (~80 μm in depth) and G group (~25 μm in depth), whereas shallower flaws were present in the AAF and GP groups at 10 and 3 μm, respectively. Weibull analysis represented a greater reliability in zirconia specimens treated with air abrasion groups. Conclusions: Surface treatments induced the t-m transformation in 3Y-TZP and associated development of compressive stresses to a depth that varied with the severity of the treatment performed. GIXRD revealed that AAF led to the thickest compressive stress layer, followed by AAC, G and GP. SEM revealed that subsurface damage was most severe with AAC, followed by G, AAF and GP. We propose that the flexural strength results can be explained by the difference between the depth of the compressive stress layer induced by the transformation and the depth of the subsurface flaws.

Thesis (M.S.D.)--Indiana University School of Dentistry, 2010 / Title from PDF t. p. (viewed May 12, 2010) Advisor(s): Michael A. Cochran, Chair of the Research Committee, Jeffrey A. Platt, Bruce A. Matis, Carlos Gonzalez-Cabezas, Sopanis D. Cho. Curriculum vitae. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-69).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2000-12-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:43:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_vo_dr_arafo.pdf: 540803 bytes, checksum: 7326794dd51a361dd48b2e7c4b355170 (MD5) / O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a influência da forma do preparo cavitário na microinfiltração marginal em restaurações em dentes decíduos. Foram preparadas canaletas medindo 2,0 mm nas faces vestibular e lingual de molares decíduos que foram divididas aleatoriamente em 3 grupos de acordo com a técnica de preparo cavitário: Grupo I - alta rotação associado à ponta diamantada; Grupo II - sistema de abrasão a ar; e Grupo III - laser Er:YAG. Após o condicionamento com ácido fosfórico por 15 segundos, foi utilizado o adesivo Single Bond (3M) e a resina Filtek Flow (3M) para restaurar as canaletas. Os espécimes foram então mantidos em estufa a 37ºC por 6 dias, termociclados (500 ciclos com temperatura variando entre 5 e 55ºC), isolados e colocados em solução de fucsina básica à 0,5% durante 24 horas. Após serem seccionados a microinfiltração foi avaliada em microscópio ótico ligado a uma câmera de vídeo com 10 X de aumento. Para se avaliar a forma das cavidades medimos os ângulos oclusal, cervical e de abertura das cavidades, bem como a largura e a profundidade das mesmas por meio de fotomicrografias obtidas em MEV. Os resultados demonstraram semelhança estatística entre as larguras dos preparos cavitários, porém os ângulos oclusal, cervical e de abertura das cavidades apresentaram-se diferentes estatisticamente e que não houve microinfiltração marginal em nenhum dos grupos avaliados e que a diferença na forma de preparo das cavidades não influenciou na microinfiltração marginal dos espécimes estudados. / The aim of this research was the evaluation of the cavity prepare technique on the marginal microleakage in deciduous teeth. Cavities measuring 2.0 mm were prepared on the buccal and lingual faces and were divided into three groups according to the cavity prepare technique: Group I - High speed associated to diamond bur; Group II - air abrasion system; and Group III - Er:YAG laser. After the phosphoric acid etching for 15 seconds, the Single Bond (3M) adhesive and te Filtek Flow (3M) were used for the restoration of the cavities. Then the sample was stored at 37ºC for 6 days, termocycled (500 cycles with temperature varying from 5 to 55º C), isolated and immersed in a 0.5% funcsin solution for 24 hours. After being sectioned the microleakage was examined with a magnification optical microscope connected to a color video camera. In order to evaluate the shape of the cavities the occlusal, cervical and cavity opening angles were measured, as well as the width and depth of then, using SEM photographs. The results showed that there was no marginal microleakage in any of the evaluated groups and that the difference in the cavity shape did not influence the marginal infiltration on the studied samples.

Orientador: Lourdes Aparecida Martins dos Santos-Pinto / Banca: Celso Luiz de Angelis Porto / Banca: Maria Cristina Borsatto / Resumo: O sistema de abrasão a ar funciona por meio de energia cinética produzida por um jato pressurizado de partículas de óxido de alumínio, que tem a finalidade de abrasionar a superfície dentária. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a efetividade do sistema de sucção, disponível em consultório odontológico, na captação das partículas de óxido de alumínio emitidas pelo aparelho de abrasão a ar. Um dispositivo metálico, que reproduzia as posições e as distâncias de trabalho do cirurgião-dentista, foi elaborado para a deposição das partículas de óxido de alumínio presentes no campo operatório durante a utilização do sistema de abrasão a ar. Para a aspiração do pó de óxido de alumínio foram empregadas as sucções de alta potência e odontológica convencional com sugadores convencional e modificado por funil. A quantificação das partículas foi obtida pela massa de óxido de alumínio depositada após a aplicação do aparelho de abrasão a ar. Os resultados obtidos pela estatística descritiva gráfica revelaram que a maior deposição das partículas ocorreu a 20 cm do centro da cavidade bucal e na posição de trabalho 9 horas, quando se utilizou o sugador convencional em alta potência de sucção. / Abstract: The air abrasion system works using kinetic energy produced by pressurized air with aluminum oxide particles resulting in abrasion of the dental surface. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of high-volume evacuation (HVE) and conventional dental suction (CDS) in aluminum oxide particles evacuation. A metallic device was elaborated to reproduce the dentist operatory positions and to aluminum oxide particles deposition. The dust collection was made by conventional saliva ejector and modified ejector by funnel-shaped. The amount of particles showed that the greatest abrasive particles deposition occurred at the 20cm of distance from the center of the mouth at 9 o'clock operatory position with the conventional saliva ejector attached to high-volume evacuation (HVE). / Mestre

Orientadores: Lourenço Correr Sobrinho, Mário Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T00:18:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guarda_GuilhermeBottene_M.pdf: 2504078 bytes, checksum: 72f1d754db2ac04524c40271b35d7366 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O objetivo neste estudo foi investigar o efeito de diferentes tratamentos de superfície, fadiga mecânica e termociclagem na resistência da união à microtração da cerâmica IPS e.max (Ivoclar) e do cimento resinoso de ativação dupla. Métodos: 18 blocos de cerâmica (10 mm de comprimento x 7 mm de largura x 3 mm de espessura) foram confeccionados e divididos em 6 grupos (n=3): Grupos 1, 2 e 3 - jateamento por 5 segundos com partículas de óxido de alumínio de 50?m; Grupos 4, 5 e 6 - condicionamento com acido hidrofluorídrico à 10% por 20 segundos. O silano Rely X Ceramic Primer foi aplicado sobre todos os espécimes e seco por 5 minutos. Após, os blocos de cerâmica foram unidos à blocos de compósito restaurador Tetric N-Ceram (Ivoclar-Vivadent) com cimento resinoso RelyX ARC (3M ESPE), sob carga estática de 500 gf por 2 minutos. O excesso de cimento foi removido com micropincel e fotoativado por 160 segundos (40 s cada face) com um aparelho de LED (UltraLume 5, Ultradent). Os espécimes dos grupos 1 e 4 foram armazenados em água destilada a 37°C por 24 h. Nos grupos 2 e 5, os espécimes foram submetidos a 3.000 ciclos térmicos entre 5°C e 55°C. Para os grupos 3 e 6, os espécimes foram submetidos ao ensaio de fadiga mecânica por 100.000 ciclos com 2 Hz. Os espécimes foram seccionados perpendiculares a área de união para obtenção de palitos com área seccional de 1mm2 (25 palitos por grupo) e submetidos ao ensaio de resistência de união à microtração em máquina de teste universal (EZ Test - Shimadzu) com velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. Foi utilizado para verificar o padrão de fratura uma lupa estereoscópica (Olympus) com aumento de 40x. Os dados foram submetidos à Análise de Variância de 2 fatores e ao teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Os valores de resistência de união à microtração (MPa) foram: 26,9 ± 6,9, 22,2 ± 7,8 e 21,2 ± 9,1 para os Grupos 1 a 3 e 35,0 ± 9,6, 24,3 ± 8,9 e 23,9 ± 6,3 para os Grupos 4 a 6. O grupo controle submetido ao teste de fadiga e termociclado mostrou predominância de padrão de fratura adesiva para o tratamento de superfície com acido hidrofluorídrico a 10% e padrões adesiva e mista para tratamento de superfície com 50um de oxido de alumínio. Concluindo a fadiga e a termociclagem diminuíram significantemente a resistência de união à microtração para ambos os tratamentos de superfície das cerâmicas comparada ao grupo controle. Condicionamento com acido hidrofluorídrico a 10% aumentou a resistência de união à microtração para o grupo controle / Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of surface treatments, mechanic fatigue and thermocycling tested on the microtensile bond strength of the ceramic IPS e.max Press (Ivoclar Vivadent) luted with dual-cured resin cement. Eighteen ceramic bars (10mm length x 7mm width x 3.0mm thickness) were fabricated, and divided into 6 groups (n=3): Groups 1, 2 and 3 - air particle abraded for 5 s with 50?m aluminum oxide particles; Groups 4, 5 and 6 - acid etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid for 20 s. Coupling agent silane was applied on to all bond surface specimens and allowed to dry for 5 s and the ceramic bars were bonded to a block of composite resin Tetric N-Ceram (Ivoclar-Vivadent) with Rely X ARC (3M ESPE) resin cement and placed under a 500 g static load for 2 min. The cement excess was removed with a disposable microbrush and 40 s light-activation (four activations) were performed using a LED curing unit (UltraLume LED 5, Ultradent). The specimens of the groups 1 and 4 were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours, groups 2 and 5 were submitted to 3,000 thermocycles between 5°C and 55°C and groups 3 and 6 submitted to a fatigue test for 100,000 cycles with 2 HZ. Specimens were sectioned perpendicular to the bonding area to obtain 1mm2 sectional area beams (25 beams per group) and submitted to a microtensile bond strength test in a universal testing machine (EZ Test - Shimadzu), at a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. The fracture specimens were observed under optical microscopy (Olympus) at a 40x magnification. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (p?0.05). Results: The microtensile bond strength values (MPa) were: 26.9 ± 6.9, 22.2 ± 7.8 and 21.2 ± 9.1 for G1-G3 and 35.0 ± 9.6, 24.3 ± 8.9 and 23.9 ± 6.3 for G4-G6. The control group, fatigue tested and thermocycled groups showed a predominance of failure adhesive for surface treatment with 10% hydrofluoric acid and adhesive and mixed for surface treatment with 50 ?m Al2O3. In conclusion the fatigue and thermocycling decreased significantly the microtensile bond strength for both ceramic surface treatments compared to control groups. Etching with 10% hydrofluoric acid increased the microtensile bond strength for the control group / Mestrado / Materiais Dentarios / Mestre em Materiais Dentários

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Repair is an alternative treatment option in many cases to replacement of resin matrix composite restoration. However, aged resin matrix composites have a limited number of carbon-carbon double bonds to adhere to a new layer of rein. Therefore, surface treatments of the aged resin matrix composite surface prior to repairing could improve the repair bond strength. The objectives of this study were to: 1) To evaluate various surface treatments on shear bond strength of repair between aged and new microhybrid resin matrix composite, and 2) To assess the influence of applying a silane coupling agent after surface treatments. Eighty disk-shaped resin matrix composite specimens were fabricated and thermocycled 5000 times prior to surface treatment. Specimens were randomly assigned to one of the three surface treatments (n = 20): 1) Airborne abrasion with 50 μm aluminum oxide, 2) Tribochemical silica coating (CoJet), or 3) Er,Cr:YSGG laser and control group (n = 20). Specimens were cleaned with 35-percent phosphoric acid, rinsed, and dried. Each group was assigned into two subgroups (n =10): a) no silanization, and b) with silanization. Adhesive agent was applied and new resin matrix composite was bonded to each conditioned surface. Bond strength was evaluated by shear test. Data were analyzed with a two-way ANOVA model. The interaction between conditioning and silanization was significant(p = 0.0163), indicating that comparisons of silanization must be evaluated for each conditioning method, and that comparisons of conditioning methods must be evaluated separately with and without silanization. Airborne particle abrasion showed significantly higher repair bond strength than Er,Cr:YSGG laser without silanization (p < 0.0001) and with silanization(p = 0.0002), and higher repair bond strength than the control without silanization (p < 0.00001) and with silanization (p < 0.00001). Airborne particle abrasion did not have significantly different in repair bond strength than Tribosilica coating without silanization (p = 0.70) or with silanization (p = 0.33). Tribosilica coating had significantly higher repair bond strength than Er,CR:YSGG laser without silanization (p < 0.0001) and with silanization (p < 0.0001), and significantly higher repair bond strength than control without silanization (p < 0.0001), but not with silanization (p =0.16). Er,CR:YSGG laser and control did not have significantly different repair bond strength without silanization (p = 1.00) or with silanization (p = 0.11). There was no effect of silanization on repair bond strength overall (p = 0.34) for any of the surface conditioning methods (p = 0.76 for airborne particle abrasion; p = 0.39 for tribosilica coating; p = 1.00 for Er,Cr:YSGG laser, or p = 0.39 for control). Airborne particle abrasion with 50-μm aluminum oxide particle and tribochemical silica coating followed by the application of bonding agent provided the highest shear bond strength values, suggesting that they might be adequate methods to improve the quality of the repairs of resin-matrix composites.

Objetivo: avaliar e comparar os efeitos do jato de óxido de alumínio sobre a superfície do esmalte, quando aplicados por tempos diferentes. Material e métodos: 110 pré-molares foram obtidos por meio de doações do Banco de Dentes da FOUSP. Os dentes foram divididos aleatoriamente em 5 grupos (n=22) para a aplicação de jato de óxido de alumínio por diferentes períodos de tempo. Nos grupos A, B, C, D e E o jato de óxido de alumínio de 50 ?m foi aplicado, respectivamente, por 01, 03, 05, 07 e 10 segundos. Avaliações quantitativas da superfície do esmalte foram realizadas pelas análises das alterações do perfil e da rugosidade (Sa) da superfície vestibular antes e após o seu jateamento, por meio do medidor de perfil Form Talysurf Intra (Taylor Hobson - AMETEK Inc, Pennsylvania) e do interferômetro a laser Talysurf CCl Lite (Taylor Hobson - AMETEK Inc, Pennsylvania), respectivamente. Uma avaliação qualitativa da superfície do esmalte foi realizada por meio da microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Para esta última análise, um exemplar de cada grupo foi selecionado aleatoriamente para que as superfícies de esmalte jateadas fossem devidamente preparadas para as suas leituras. Os dados quantitativos foram comparados pelo teste ANOVA, seguido do teste post hoc de Tukey, adotando-se um nível de significância de 5% (p= 0,05). Resultados: observou-se maior alteração do perfil e da rugosidade conforme se aumentou o tempo de aplicação do jato de óxido de alumínio. Porém, com relação à alteração do perfil, diferenças estatisticamente significantes foram observadas somente entre o grupo A (1s) quando comparado aos grupos D (7s) e E (10s), e entre o grupo B (3s) quando comparado com o grupo E (10s). Quanto à rugosidade, verificou-se diferença estatisticamente significante apenas entre o grupo E (10s) quando comparado aos demais grupos. As cinco imagens obtidas pelo microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV) demonstraram bastante semelhança entre si, com padrão de condicionamento marcado por picos e vales, porém as imagens dos esmaltes jateados por 1 e 3 segundos apresentaram esses picos e vales em menor quantidade. Conclusão: a perda de estrutura dentária e a rugosidade da superfície do esmalte aumentaram conforme se aumentou o tempo de aplicação do jato de óxido de alumínio; a aplicação do jato de óxido de alumínio por 1 e 3 segundos promove menos perda de estrutura de esmalte do que quando se jateia o esmalte por 10 segundos; maior rugosidade pode ser obtida com o jateamento de óxido de alumínio por 10 segundos; entretanto, o aspecto morfológico do esmalte dentário é bastante similar, independentemente do tempo de jateamento. / Objective: To evaluate and compare the effects of aluminium oxide sandblasting on enamel surface when applied at different times. Materials & Methods: 110 premolars were obtained from the local tooth bank. The teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 22) for application of aluminium oxide sandblasting at different times. In Groups A, B, C, D and E, sandblasting with 50-?m aluminium oxide particles was applied for 01, 03, 05, 07 and 10 seconds, respectively. Quantitative assessments of enamel surface were performed by analysing changes in the profile and roughness (Sa) of the buccal surface before and after sandblasting application by using a profile gauge (Form Talysurf Intra, Taylor Hobson - AMETEK Inc, Pennsylvania, USA) and a laser interferometer (Talysurf CCl Lite, Taylor Hobson - AMETEK Inc, Pennsylvania, USA), respectively. A qualitative assessment of enamel surface was performed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For this latter analysis, a sample of each group was randomly chosen so that the sandblasted enamel surfaces could be adequately prepared to be evaluated. The quantitative data were compared by using ANOVA test, followed by post-hoc Tukey\'s test, at a significance level of 5% (P = 0.05). Results: Profile and roughness were found to be more altered as the sandblasting application time increased. With regard to the profile, however, statistically significant differences were found only in Group A (1s) compared to Groups D (7s) and E (10s), as well as in Group B (3s) compared to Group E (10s). With regard to the roughness, statistically significant difference was also observed only in Group E (10s) compared to the other groups. Five SEM images were demonstrated to be very similar to each other, with the conditioning pattern being marked by peaks and valleys, although SEM images of enamel blasted for 1 and 3 seconds showed peaks and valleys in lesser amount. Conclusion: Both loss of dental structure and enamel roughness increased as the time for application of aluminum oxide sandblasting also increased; application of aluminum oxide sandblasting for 1 and 3 seconds produced less loss of enamel structure compared to the 10-second application; more roughness can be obtained with application of aluminum oxide sandblasting for 10 seconds; however, the morphological aspect of the tooth enamel is very similar, regardless of the application time.