Cette thèse apporte un éclairage sur les perceptions de différents modes de transport (intermodalité, automobile, transports en commun) et sur leur impact sur le choix modal et le changement de comportement de déplacement. Le premier objectif empirique est d'identifier le poids respectif des déterminants socio-démographiques, structurels et psychologiques dans le choix d'utiliser les transports en commun et de recourir à l'intermodalité plutôt que de se déplacer en voiture. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que les perceptions des aspects instrumentaux et de détente ressentie prédisent le recours aux transports en commun (étude 1) et à l'intermodalité (étude 2). Les déterminants socio-démographiques n'ont pas d'effet sur le choix modal lorsque la présence des infrastructures et les perceptions sont contrôlées. Afin d'intégrer les déterminants structurels et subjectifs du choix modal, un modèle est proposé. Ce modèle démontre que les attitudes, les normes sociales, les conditions facilitatrices et les habitudes ont un effet sur le mode de transport choisi. L'habitude apparaît ici comme un facteur déterminant du choix modal (étude 3). Le deuxième objectif empirique de cette thèse est, compte tenu de l'importance de l'habitude dans le choix modal, de proposer des stratégies pour déconditionner le choix du mode de transport. La première stratégie consiste à profiter de la gêne ressentie lors d'importants travaux de voirie dans le cadre de l'aménagement d'une nouvelle ligne de tramway à Grenoble pour inciter les individus à questionner leur choix modal et changer leurs habitudes (étude 4). Dans le cadre de ces travaux, la gêne ressentie est élevée mais bien acceptée du fait de la perception positive des politiques en faveur des transports en commun. La seconde stratégie consiste à proposer une incitation économique (ici un abonnement à tarif réduit dans le cadre d'un Plan de Déplacement d'Entreprise ou PDE) pour amener les salariés des entreprises à questionner leurs choix de déplacement et à modifier leurs habitudes (étude 5). Le PDE apparaît comme un outil efficace de changement modal mais de nombreux salariés qui ont cru y trouver un mode de déplacement révolutionnaire sont déçus et risquent de développer une attitude fortement négative et durable envers les transports en commun. Des recommandations sont faites pour une communication efficiente visant à modifier les comportements de déplacement, pour l'amélioration des démarches PDE et pour l'utilisation des travaux de voirie comme levier de déconditionnement du choix modal.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-113).

La thèse cherche à comprendre comment la perception de la stratégie sociale des entreprises impacte l’attitude des actionnaires individuels à venir et donc leur intention d’achat d’actions d’entreprises socialement responsables.Notre étude nous a permis de soutenir l’idée selon laquelle l’attitude de l’actionnaire individuel à l’égard des entreprises ne dépend pas uniquement des variables économiques et financières. La stratégie sociale de l’entreprise contribue aussi à la formation de l’attitude des actionnaires individuels à venir à l’égard des entreprises.Nos résultats confirment l’influence des perceptions de responsabilité sociale sur l’intention d’achat d’actions des actionnaires individuels à venir. Nous avons pu constater aussi que l’attitude est la principale variable latente explicative de la formation de l’intention. Les autres variables latentes jouent soit d’une façon moindre soit de façon indirecte à travers l’attitude.Notre démarche, inspirée du paradigme de Churchill, nous a permis de revoir les liens de causalité mis en avant dans le modèle du comportement planifié de Ajzen, notre modèle de référence. L’originalité de notre démarche réside aussi dans le maillage entre les analyses factorielles et les équations structurelles dans la phase exploratoire et les méthodes de régressions PLS dans la phase confirmatoire.Notre étude présente un double intérêt qui se décline d’une part sur le plan théorique à travers l’enrichissement du modèle de comportement planifié et d’autre part sur le plan pratique par un éclairage des entreprises en ce qui concerne la mise en place de leur stratégie sociale et son impact auprès de leurs actionnaires potentiels.Mots clés : Responsabilité sociale des entreprises, Méthodes PLS, analyses factorielles exploratoires, équations structurelles, actionnaire individuel à venir, attitude, variables latentes. / The thesis tries to understand how the perception of companies social strategy impacts on the attitude of the individual future shareholders and thus their intention of purchasing shares from socially responsible companies. Our study allowed us to support the idea according to which the attitude of the individual shareholder towards companies does not depend only on economic and financial variables. The company social strategy also contributes to the training of attitude of future individual shareholders towards companies. Our results confirm the influence of perceptions of social responsibility on the intention of purchase of shares of future individual shareholders. Moreover, we noticed that the attitude is the main explanatory latent variable of the emergence of the intention. Other latent variables play or in a lesser way or in a indirect way through the attitude. Our approach, inspired by the paradigm of Churchill, allowed us to see again the causal relations highlighted in the model of Ajzen strategic behavior, our benchmark model. The originality of our approach also lies in the meshing between the factorial analyses and the structural equations in the exploratory phase and the PLS regressions methods in the confirmation step.Our study presents a double interest: from a theoretical point of view, there is the of planned behavior model and from a practical point of view, there is business lighting regarding the establishment of social policy and its impact to their potential shareholders.Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, PLS methods, exploratory factor analysis, structural equations, Future Individual Shareholder, Attitude.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:44:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Erika Camila Buzo Martins.pdf: 5251335 bytes, checksum: 625f7a45c3e2c2f81dea4c5a58c0261d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-29 / This work seeks to present the Theory of Planned Behavior - Icek Ajzen TPB and check if the model study of the attitudes of Ajzen may contribute to explain the choices of undergraduates by determined educational brand. To this end we presented general theories of collaboration with attitudes of the concepts of Motivation and Human Needs and the changing concepts of the Theory of Reasoned Action to the theory of Planned Behavior. The Brazilian context demonstrates an increasing competitiveness, from the appearance of new Courses and Colleges between 2002 and 2010. This growth has increased the number of vacancies and decreased the number of students enrolled in each College. In this sense, it is necessary to know the aspects that direct students to choose the Higher Education Institution - IES. In order to verify the behavior of the students and the attitude influences in their decisions, the managers' perception of the IES and if the variables used as the planned behavior model proposed by Ajzen are sufficient to get statistically significant results, we applied an unstructured research with managers and IES Alpha managers and students entering, following the model proposed by Ajzen with some adaptations to the case study and the Brazilian standard. After analyzing the data with SPSS software, it was noticed that among the 36 initial variables, only 9 had statistically significant correlations, which identifies for student engagement with the Course and the Faculty, the relationship between price and brand and great family influence over their attitudes to advertising. However, the exclusion of key variables for the attitudes model study of Ajzen, there was an unfeasibility of its application. Thus, it was found that the most important components for students, differ from Administrative Management of Institutions of Higher Education, which may result in an incorrect application of its communication to attract prospective students / O presente trabalho busca apresentar a Teoria do Comportamento Planejado - TPB de Icek Ajzen e verificar se o modelo de estudo das atitudes de Ajzen pode contribuir para explicar as escolhas dos alunos de graduação por determinada marca educacional. Para isso foram apresentadas as teorias gerais das atitudes com colaboração dos conceitos de Motivação e Necessidades Humanas, bem como a evolução dos conceitos de Teoria da Ação Racional para a teoria do Comportamento Planejado. O contexto brasileiro demonstra uma competitividade cada vez maior, a partir do aparecimento de novos cursos e faculdades entre 2002 e 2010. Esse crescimento aumentou o número de vagas e diminuiu a quantidade de alunos matriculados em cada faculdade. Nesse sentido, torna-se necessário conhecer os aspectos que direcionam os alunos a escolherem a Instituição de Ensino Superior - IES. A fim de verificar o comportamento dos alunos e a influência das atitudes em suas decisões, a percepção dos gestores da IES e se as variáveis utilizadas conforme o modelo do comportamento planejado sugerido por Ajzen são suficientes para obter resultados estatisticamente significativos, foram aplicadas uma pesquisa não estruturada com os gestores da IES Alfa e com alunos ingressantes seguindo o modelo proposto por Ajzen com algumas adaptações para o estudo de caso e ao padrão brasileiro. Após a análise dos dados com o auxílio do software SPSS, percebeu-se que entre as 36 variáveis iniciais, somente 9 possuíam correlações estatisticamente significativas, o que permite identificar o comprometimento do aluno para com o curso e a faculdade, a relação entre preço e marca e a grande influência familiar em detrimento à propaganda em suas atitudes. Contudo, pela exclusão de variáveis importantes para o estudo do modelo de atitudes de Ajzen, houve uma inviabilização de sua aplicação. Assim, verificou-se que os componentes de maior relevância para os alunos, diferem dos componentes apontados pela gestão administrativa da IES, o que poderá ocasionar na incorreta aplicação de sua comunicação para atrair os futuros alunos

This study sets out to explore attitudes and intentions towards nicotine product goods and how it is affected by the goal framing effect. The presence of this effect has been shown in the advertising of both green products and everyday products. The aim of this research is to explore whether or not this also holds true when it comes to unhealthy products, more precisely tobacco free all white nicotine products.    A quasi experimental study was conducted with the use of a fictitious brand of All-white tobacco. All 63 participants in the three different experimental groups of the study met the mandatory age requirement. One of the three groups received a positively framed advert, another received a negatively framed advert, whereas the last group acted as the control group and therefore received a neutral advertisement stimuli. All participants submitted their answers on a questionnaire created for this study, which was validated using Cronbach’s alpha and factor analysis.   The results suggest that the use of goal framing is beneficial when advertising nicotine product goods. Both positive and negative goal-framing showed a greater effect on purchase intention and product attitude than the control group. The negative goal-framing advert proved to be statistically different than the control group when measuring product attitude. Furthermore, the positively framed advert showed a statistically significant difference in effect on both product attitude and purchase intention compared to the control group.    The findings suggest that positively framed goal-framing has an effect on both attitudes and purchase intention, compared to the neutral stimuli. The negatively framed goal-framing had an effect on attitudes, compared to the neutral stimuli. The practical implication of this study could possibly be that when constructing advertisements for tobacco free snus products, it could be preferable to make use of the positive goal-framing effect in order to affect the consumers purchase intention and attitude towards the product.   This study has confirmed to some extent that the framing effect is a factor prevalent in the advertising of tobacco free products. For further research it would be highly interesting to delve deeper in comparing positive and negative goal-framing in order to find further evidence of which one has greater effect on consumers.

Despite HIV and AIDS knowledge and attitude change programmes, workplace HIV and AIDS-related discrimination persists in workplaces in many sectors, including the education sector. This study set out to investigate why the phenomenon of workplace HIV and AIDS-related discrimination persists; and to predict which factors were responsible and how they related to HIV and AIDS-related discrimination in the workplace. A stratified random sample of 205 teachers; 123 of whom were from 10 schools of varied backgrounds in Bojanala Region of North West Province of South Africa and 82 from schools around Kampala, Central Region of Uganda was drawn. Twenty-seven respondents of the South African sample participated in both the quantitative survey and in-depth interview while the rest responded to a selfadministered questionnaire. Using a stepwise regression analysis, traditional beliefs predicted workplace HIV and AIDS-related discrimination, explained11% of variance in the second model while the third model explained only 2% more – 13% (R square of 0.136) but each of the three models was significant (p-values of 0.000). Attitudes were the second strongest predictor; and only HIV and AIDS-legal knowledge could predict discrimination but not biomedical HIV and AIDS knowledge. In the in-depth interview, incidents of discrimination were reported, possible reasons for HIV and AIDS-related discrimination were reported; and it was found that workers varied in ways of keeping secrets regarding sensitive information such as colleagues’ HIV-positive status, and cited reasons for revealing such information which included malice, jealousy, moral responsibility, anger and loose talks. There are implications for reducing workplace HIV and AIDS-related discrimination which include: Integrating HIV and AIDS-legal knowledge with biomedical HIV and AIDS knowledge, more efforts should be spent in designing and imparting information to reduce traditional beliefs, develop and evaluate instruments to measure traditional beliefs and HIV and AIDS-legal knowledge; and to study more about secret keeping, particularly in regard to workplace HIV and AIDSrelated discrimination. / Industrial & Organisational Psychology / D. Admin. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Despite HIV and AIDS knowledge and attitude change programmes, workplace HIV and AIDS-related discrimination persists in workplaces in many sectors, including the education sector. This study set out to investigate why the phenomenon of workplace HIV and AIDS-related discrimination persists; and to predict which factors were responsible and how they related to HIV and AIDS-related discrimination in the workplace. A stratified random sample of 205 teachers; 123 of whom were from 10 schools of varied backgrounds in Bojanala Region of North West Province of South Africa and 82 from schools around Kampala, Central Region of Uganda was drawn. Twenty-seven respondents of the South African sample participated in both the quantitative survey and in-depth interview while the rest responded to a selfadministered questionnaire. Using a stepwise regression analysis, traditional beliefs predicted workplace HIV and AIDS-related discrimination, explained11% of variance in the second model while the third model explained only 2% more – 13% (R square of 0.136) but each of the three models was significant (p-values of 0.000). Attitudes were the second strongest predictor; and only HIV and AIDS-legal knowledge could predict discrimination but not biomedical HIV and AIDS knowledge. In the in-depth interview, incidents of discrimination were reported, possible reasons for HIV and AIDS-related discrimination were reported; and it was found that workers varied in ways of keeping secrets regarding sensitive information such as colleagues’ HIV-positive status, and cited reasons for revealing such information which included malice, jealousy, moral responsibility, anger and loose talks. There are implications for reducing workplace HIV and AIDS-related discrimination which include: Integrating HIV and AIDS-legal knowledge with biomedical HIV and AIDS knowledge, more efforts should be spent in designing and imparting information to reduce traditional beliefs, develop and evaluate instruments to measure traditional beliefs and HIV and AIDS-legal knowledge; and to study more about secret keeping, particularly in regard to workplace HIV and AIDSrelated discrimination. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D. Admin. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)