Ce mémoire présente le travail de recherche effectué pour la conception d'une stratégie de commande originale, destinée aux systèmes de puissance hybrides en sites isolés. Le système considéré, voué à l'alimentation électrique d'une habitation, comprend deux sources, un groupe de panneaux photovoltaïques et une petite éolienne, et deux types de stockage, un banc de batteries lithium-ion et un de supercondensateurs. Face au problème de gestion de l'énergie dans un système hybride, et aux enjeux de maximisation de sa puissance produite, nous proposons de développer une stratégie de commande basée sur les flux d'énergie. pour cela, nous présentons dans un premier temps les modélisations d'Euler-Lagrange et hamiltonienne du système. Ces modèles permettent d'utiliser la propriété de passivité de celui-ci, et ainsi de synthétiser des commandes par injection d'amortissement pour chaque source, afin de maximiser sa production, et pour les supercondensateurs, dans le but d'assurer une répartition cohérente des flux d'énergie entre eux et les batteries. Les commandes sont finalement mises en œuvre dans un simulateur, puis dans un banc d'essai expérimental, afin d'une part de comparer leurs performances à celles de solutions préexistantes, et d'autre part de valider le bon fonctionnement du système hybride complet les utilisant. / This thesis presents the research about design of a new control strategy for stand-alone hybrid power systems. The considered system is composed of two sources, a group of photovoltaic panels and a low-power wind generator, and of two kinds of storage, a bank of lithium-ion batteries and one of supercapacitors. Faced with the problem of energy management in a hybrid power system, and with necessity of maximizing the produced power, we intend to develop an energy-based control strategy.For this purpose, we present the system's Euler-Lagrange modeling and Hamiltonian modeling. These models allow the use of the passivity property, and then the design of Passivity-Based Controllers for each source, in order to maximize its production, and for the supercapacitors, to ensure a fitted power sharing between batteries and them. The controllers are finally implemented in a simulator, and then in a experimental test bench, in order to compare their performances to pre-existent solutions, and tovalidate the control law for the global hybrid system.

A presente tese tem por objetivo central investigar a legitimidade da adoção do monitoramento eletrônico como sanção autônoma no sistema de justiça penal brasileiro. Para tanto, parte-se da perspectiva do controle social formal no contexto das sociedades tecnológicas e de riscos, no qual a prisão e o monitoramento estão inseridos, e traça-se um paralelo entre as sanções penais adotadas ao longo do desenvolvimento do Direito Penal e a evolução da sociedade. Enfocando o instituto do monitoramento eletrônico de presos, a tese aborda seu conceito, origens, espécies, evolução tecnológica, finalidades, modelos e aspectos constitucionais, tanto no Brasil, como em outros países. A partir de uma análise crítica de seu tratamento normativo, a nível federal e estadual, formulam-se proposições com o objetivo de preservar os direitos individuais dos monitorados, garantindo-se a idoneidade do sistema de monitoramento eletrônico como espécie de sanção penal, em harmonia com as finalidades preventiva e retributiva da pena, mas sem se descurar da sua potencialidade como instrumento de redução da superpopulação carcerária brasileira. / The objective of the present dissertation is to investigate the legitimacy of adopting electronic monitoring as a stand alone sanction in the Brazilian system of criminal justice. The concept of formal social control in the context of technological risk societies, of which detention and monitoring are intrinsic parts, allows a parallel to be drawn between the penalties adopted throughout the evolution of society and the development of the Criminal justice system. This dissertation analyzes the concept of electronic monitoring of detainees, the origins of this practice, and its types, technological evolution, purposes, models and constitutional aspects in Brazil as well as in other countries. Based on a critical analysis of the normative aspects of electronic monitoring at the federal and state levels, proposals are formulated in order to safeguard individual rights while ensuring the suitability of the system as a type of criminal sanction in keeping with the preventive and retributive purposes of justice. The potential presented by this type of sanction as a means to reduce prison overpopulation in Brazil must not however be overlooked.

A presente tese tem por objetivo central investigar a legitimidade da adoção do monitoramento eletrônico como sanção autônoma no sistema de justiça penal brasileiro. Para tanto, parte-se da perspectiva do controle social formal no contexto das sociedades tecnológicas e de riscos, no qual a prisão e o monitoramento estão inseridos, e traça-se um paralelo entre as sanções penais adotadas ao longo do desenvolvimento do Direito Penal e a evolução da sociedade. Enfocando o instituto do monitoramento eletrônico de presos, a tese aborda seu conceito, origens, espécies, evolução tecnológica, finalidades, modelos e aspectos constitucionais, tanto no Brasil, como em outros países. A partir de uma análise crítica de seu tratamento normativo, a nível federal e estadual, formulam-se proposições com o objetivo de preservar os direitos individuais dos monitorados, garantindo-se a idoneidade do sistema de monitoramento eletrônico como espécie de sanção penal, em harmonia com as finalidades preventiva e retributiva da pena, mas sem se descurar da sua potencialidade como instrumento de redução da superpopulação carcerária brasileira. / The objective of the present dissertation is to investigate the legitimacy of adopting electronic monitoring as a stand alone sanction in the Brazilian system of criminal justice. The concept of formal social control in the context of technological risk societies, of which detention and monitoring are intrinsic parts, allows a parallel to be drawn between the penalties adopted throughout the evolution of society and the development of the Criminal justice system. This dissertation analyzes the concept of electronic monitoring of detainees, the origins of this practice, and its types, technological evolution, purposes, models and constitutional aspects in Brazil as well as in other countries. Based on a critical analysis of the normative aspects of electronic monitoring at the federal and state levels, proposals are formulated in order to safeguard individual rights while ensuring the suitability of the system as a type of criminal sanction in keeping with the preventive and retributive purposes of justice. The potential presented by this type of sanction as a means to reduce prison overpopulation in Brazil must not however be overlooked.

有鑑於過去人口結構的變化，台灣已成為人口老化速度最快的國家，人口老 齡化已成為一個重大議題。而老年人比例最高的日本，卻出現廣泛的老年貧窮 （下流老人）現象。因此，本研究以日本的情況為依據，對台灣老年貧窮的整體 概況和未來趨勢的發展進行資料整合與分析。主要探討台灣“老年貧窮”問題的 出現，並找出其影響的程度及其未來的發展，後續並深入分析其造成台灣“老年 貧窮”問題之關鍵指標因素，以及政府解決老年貧窮問題的政策與措施。研究發 現，超過五成老年人口落在最低收入、最貧窮層級的家戶中，顯示台灣社會的“老 年貧窮”現象有所增加。而造成台灣老年貧窮的原因為：一、退休養老金不足（低 於基本生活開銷）; 二、就業（低薪的工作環境）; 三、家庭養老功能下降（老 人獨居比率不斷上升）; 四、太早離開勞動力市場（儲蓄不足）。研究結果顯示，弱化的社會保障制度是老年貧窮比率升高的主要原因，而老年貧窮的現象亦廣泛存在於台灣社會，因此建議需提升公眾意識，提早準備充足的退休養老金、並加 強社區老人關懷功能、以及持續關注老年貧窮的問題。本研究結果可提供未來探 討台灣老年貧窮議題之參考，相關研究值得後續做進一步的探討分析。 / In view of the change in demographic structure in the past few years, Taiwan has become the country with the fastest speed of population aging. The aging population has become a major issue. Japan has the highest ratio of aged citizens, and the widely discussed phenomena of elderly poverty (The low-living elderly). Thus, this study based on Japan's case, has systematically reviewed, analyzed, and secondary data, in order to provide the overall and future trends of elderly poverty situation in Taiwan. The study probes into the emergence of the “elderly poverty” problem and try to find out the extent of this problem and its future outlook, to explore the causes of the “elderly poverty” problem in Taiwan and the official measures for alleviating elderly poverty. The research found that more than 50% of the elderly was the poorest households with the lowest income, nearly half of the elderly population falls to the lowest and poorest level, shows “the low-living elderly” phenomenon has increasing in Taiwan’s society. The causes of the elderly poverty in Taiwan: 1. the labor pension is too low (less than the necessary living expenses); 2. unstable employment (low income work); 3. family care function are decline (the elders living alone has keep rising); 4. early to exit from the labor market (lack of deposits). The weakened social security system are the main causes for the rising old-age poverty. The elderly poverty exists widely and need to promote public awareness for prepare adequate deposit in retirement, strengthen care function of community and focus on the elderly poor issues. For overall pictures of elderly poverty in Taiwan is worthy of further investigation and discussion.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:09:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 erica_maria_tenorio_wanderley.pdf: 326510 bytes, checksum: c4bd0641d9d8874ef90e8f2ecd9cc66e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-01 / In Brazil, the expectation of the people's living 60 years or more has increased, from this reality, we highlight the amount of homes formed by older who are single and living alone. Starting from the perspective that the support of a relational system is of great importance as it provides exchanges, support and protection, it must be recognized that the more the subject age, tends to have limitations which cause them to depend on others, are family, friends or paid professionals. Against this background, it appears that the reality of elderly who do not have children and spouses, and inhabiting a one-person household, is little known, especially in the state of Pernambuco. Based on these, the general objective of this research was to describe as the elderly, who are not married and have no children, build their networks in order to support and care. The specific objectives were to identify the sociodemographic profile of them; analyze how they perceive their aging process; and identify their needs and feelings about the fact of living alone and their expectations for the future and the reasons that led them to live alone. It is a qualitative research, which was attended by eight elderly women with chronological age of 60, unmarried and living alone. The instrument used was an interview consists of questions that met the research objectives and also to the socio-demographic data of the participants. The interviews were analyzed according to the technique of thematic content analysis. The main results showed: 1) the heterogeneity of aging, since older emphasized the importance of having a proper lifestyle that provides autonomy and satisfaction with life; 2) the construction of social networking, support and care in the family has the primary source (especially brothers and nephews), followed by spirituality / religiosity and friendships; 3) income, combined with a good education, appeared as providing security and independence; 4) the experience of living alone, in general, was viewed positively because the elderly live to old age soon, satisfactory health and occupations. It is hoped that the research contributes to knowledge about the reality of these older, as can also support the work of the professionals that they meet or are interested in aging theme. / No Brasil, a expectativa de vida da população com 60 anos ou mais vem aumentando, dentre essa realidade, destacamos a quantidade de lares formados por idosas que são solteiras e que moram sozinhas. Partindo-se da perspectiva que o suporte de um sistema relacional é de grande importância, pois proporciona trocas, apoio e proteção, deve-se reconhecer que quanto mais o sujeito envelhece, tende a apresentar limitações que o levam a depender de outras pessoas, sejam familiares, amigos ou profissionais pagos. Diante desse panorama, constata-se que a realidade de idosas que não possuem filhos e cônjuges, e que habitam um domicílio unipessoal, é pouco conhecida, especialmente no estado de Pernambuco. Frente ao exposto, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi descrever como as idosas, que não são casadas e não possuem filhos, constroem suas redes de relacionamento, visando ao apoio e ao cuidado. Os objetivos específicos foram: identificar o perfil sociodemográfico delas; analisar como elas percebem seu processo de envelhecimento; identificar suas necessidades e sentimentos acerca do fato de morar sozinhas e suas expectativas para o futuro. e os motivos que as levaram a morar sozinha. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, da qual participaram oito idosas com idade cronológica acima de 60 anos, solteiras e que moram sozinhas. O instrumento utilizado foi uma entrevista constituída de questões que atendiam aos objetivos da pesquisa e também aos dados sociodemográficos das participantes. As entrevistas foram analisadas de acordo com a técnica da análise de conteúdo temática. Os principais resultados evidenciaram: 1) a heterogeneidade do envelhecimento, uma vez que as idosas enfatizaram a importância de ter um estilo de vida próprio que proporcione autonomia e satisfação com a vida; 2) a construção da rede de relacionamento, apoio e cuidados tem na família a fonte primordial (especialmente irmãos e sobrinhos), seguida pela espiritualidade/religiosidade e amizades; 3) a renda, aliada a uma boa escolaridade, apareceu como propiciando segurança e independência; 4) a experiência de morar sozinha, em geral, foi vista de forma positiva uma vez que as idosas vivem a velhice com prazer, saúde satisfatória e ocupações. Espera-se que a pesquisa contribua com conhecimentos acerca da realidade dessas idosas, como também possa subsidiar o trabalho dos profissionais que a elas atendem ou que estão interessados na temática do envelhecimento.

The purpose of this study was to conduct a descriptive and exploratory analysis of Riverside County's Independent Living Skills Program (ILSP) and its ability to prepare foster youth for successful adult transition. A vital component of this study was the exploration of perceived preparedness through the eyes of the participants enrolled in this program.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This thesis centers on a country that has produced some of the greatest and most important English language dramas of the past two centuries. Within this cultural context, this thesis is also about a feminine revival in Irish theatre and how this can be a powerful tool to incite change. Early in history, Irish writers, and specifically dramatists, recreated a type of theatre that captured the true essence of what it meant to be Irish by representing their struggles, frustrations and humor. The Irish talent for storytelling connects back to its Gaelic roots and has remained a constant in the life of a culture that has passed down this art form for centuries. The focus of this thesis is to examine three contemporary Irish plays by prominent playwrights who came to the world of theatre from very different backgrounds. Each play is written by a different hand, yet all share a vital common denominator: the interaction of female character groups – groups that are central to the action of each play. What incited my interest in these three plays – Brian Friel’s Dancing at Lughnasa, Anne Devlin’s Ourselves Alone and Marina Carr’s The Mai – was the playwright’s ability to expose what had been silenced in Irish history for so long. Each female character portrays one important aspect of Irish womanhood that has been tragically understated in the nation’s literature since the death of John Millington Synge: woman’s struggle between what she wants to be and who she is expected to be. These three plays will be scrutinized in terms of three elements of social control contributing to woman’s struggle in Irish society: myth, church and patriarchal tradition.

<p dir="ltr"><a href="" target="_blank">ABSTRACT</a></p><p dir="ltr">A literature review was conducted, to determine and gain a better understanding of the environmental, technological, physiological, and psychological issues that lone agricultural workers potentially face in the event they are involved in an emergency. An investigation was conducted of communication devices used in other industries where working alone was common, to monitor for and detect incident occurrences. An assessment of currently available emergency alert software and sensing technology for <a href="" target="_blank">communication </a><a href="#_msocom_1" target="_blank">[AE1]</a> devices was also undertaken in this review.</p><p dir="ltr">Three hundred and sixty-eight U.S. cases of fatalities or injuries were analyzed in which working alone was identified as a contributing factor. Cases included lone agricultural workers, between the ages 15-64, who were identified from a convenient sample of incident reports from <a href="" target="_blank">2016-2021</a><a href="#_msocom_2" target="_blank">[AE2]</a> . Of the 368 lone agricultural worker incidents analyzed, 38% (140) were caused by tractor rollover or tractor runover, and ATV/ UTV rollovers. Grain bin entrapments accounted for 13% (48) of all identified cases, of which 86% (42) were fatal. Thirty-three percent (121) of the identified incidents involved equipment roll over (not including runovers), and 50% of identified victims, when age was known, were 57 years of age or older. In 11 cases (3%), the victim was under 15 years old and active in agricultural-related tasks at the time of incident occurrence.</p><p dir="ltr">Geospatial Information Systems (GIS) tools were used to identify the proximity of Emergency Medical Service (EMS) facilities and cellular towers from a convenient sample of 29 fatal and serious agricultural related injuries from 2016-2021, occurring in the state of Indiana. This analysis found that there were substantially fewer EMS facilities within close proximity to documented rural incident locations compared to injuries or fatalities occurring closer to a populated area. There were also fewer cellular towers within close proximity of incidents located primarily on or near rural agricultural land. More densely populated areas tended to have a greater density of EMS and cellular tower locations, with, most likely, more favorable outcomes from injuries due to shorter <a href="" target="_blank">response times.</a><a href="#_msocom_3" target="_blank">[AE3]</a></p><p dir="ltr">An investigation of the physical and operational impact that agricultural equipment would have on the efficacy of commercially available wearable technologies was undertaken, to detect the potential injury-causing agricultural incident. Five experiments were conducted to test the feasibility of these selected wearable devices in detecting agricultural-related incidents with the potential of causing serious injuries. Only one <a href="" target="_blank">simulated agricultural incident</a> <a href="#_msocom_4" target="_blank">[AE4]</a> successfully triggered incident detection. <a href="" target="_blank">Incidents successfully triggered incident detection on one wearable device, the Garmin Vivoactive 4 smartwatch. </a><a href="#_msocom_5" target="_blank">[AE5]</a></p><p dir="ltr">Recommendations included greater emphasis on the hazards associated with lone workers assigned agricultural workplaces, development of new, evidence-based educational resources to incorporate in current prevention strategies directed at farmers, ranchers, and agricultural workers, enhanced supervision of young agricultural workers and compliance with existing child labor regulations, equipping lone workers with appropriate cellphones and/ or wearable technologies to be carried in their vehicles, agricultural equipment, or on their person, use of electronic surveillance or monitoring equipment, written policies and procedures that enhance awareness of worker locations and conditions on a regular basis, and adherence to existing federal and state workplace safety and health regulations related to lone workers.</p><p><br></p><p dir="ltr"><a href="#_msoanchor_1" target="_blank">[AE1]</a>Changed</p><p dir="ltr"><a href="#_msoanchor_2" target="_blank">[AE2]</a>Fixed</p><p dir="ltr"><a href="#_msoanchor_3" target="_blank">[AE3]</a>I’m not sure how to address that more rural people are dying, given the limited scope and criteria for selection of the incidents selected in this study.</p><p dir="ltr"><a href="#_msoanchor_4" target="_blank">[AE4]</a>Not sure if this Is the best way to say it. I may end up cutting this part. I’ll pair the abstract down to ~250 words. For whatever reason, I thought the intro chapter abstract needed to be longer for a dissertation.</p><p dir="ltr"><a href="#_msoanchor_5" target="_blank">[AE5]</a>Shortened this paragraph and removed unnecessary detail, for clarity.</p>

No description available.

Electrification of isolated rural areas in developing countries is a key action for the total eradication of energy poverty. A growing number of authors argue that this electrification should be done with distributed energy systems that combine different renewable energy sources, rather than trying to reach these communities with grid extensions. This is evidenced by numerous projects that have been carried out over the last years in different developing countries with different needs, climatic conditions and resources. These projects have very scarce resources and therefore need to be optimised. To do so, it would be very important to standardise their design, but this is very difficult as there are many variables involved. One of the most common design decisions that remains to be standardised is the question: What is the best way to bring the electricity supply to all the houses in the rural area being electrified? This Master Thesis has worked on solving this question by developing a prefeasibility tool which includes a mathematical model of the energy dispatch which minimizes the OPEX, a function which calculates the CAPEX and a final function which obtains the LCOE of the system by using the outputs of the forementioned model and tool. The tool has been implemented into the programming language Julia. Some of the parameters that need to be input to the model are the number of households, geographical distances between households, types of cables, transformers, generation technologies installed powers, among others. Besides, once the tool has been developed a series of tryouts and analysis have been carried out to confirm the robustness of the tool as well as to learn more about the behaviour of the costs structure. By carrying out the analysis of the results, the tool has successfully proven its validity. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis has been carried out to answer questions like which is the cheapest option, keeping a household isolated from the clusters or creating a stand-alone system for it? To sum up, as it has been said, this thesis has tried to answer the question settled previously with the aim of creating a useful and standard tool that could help other similar projects in their decision-making processes. / Elektrifiering av isolerade landsbygdsområden i utvecklingsländer är en nyckelåtgärd för att totalt utrota energifattigdomen. Ett växande antal författare hävdar att denna elektrifiering bör göras med distribuerade energisystem som kombinerar olika förnybara energikällor, snarare än att försöka nå dessa samhällen med nätutbyggnader. Det vittnar om ett flertal projekt som har genomförts under de senaste åren i olika utvecklingsländer med olika behov, klimatförhållanden och resurser. Dessa projekt har mycket knappa resurser och behöver därför optimeras. För att göra det skulle det vara mycket viktigt att standardisera deras design, men detta är mycket svårt eftersom det finns många variabler inblandade. Ett av de vanligaste designbesluten som återstår att standardisera är frågan: Vad är det bästa sättet att få elförsörjningen till alla hus på landsbygden som elektrifieras? Denna masteruppsats har arbetat med att lösa denna fråga genom att utveckla ett prefeasibility-verktyg som inkluderar en matematisk modell av energisändningen som minimerar OPEX, en funktion som beräknar CAPEX och en slutlig funktion som erhåller LCOE för systemet genom att använda utdata från den tidigare nämnda modellen och verktyget. Verktyget har implementerats i programmeringsspråket Julia. Några av parametrarna som behöver matas in i modellen är bland annat antalet hushåll, geografiska avstånd mellan hushållen, typer av kablar, transformatorer, genereringsteknik installerad kraft. När verktyget har utvecklats har dessutom en serie tester och analyser genomförts för att bekräfta verktygets robusthet samt för att lära sig mer om hur kostnadsstrukturen fungerar. Genom att genomföra analysen av resultaten har verktyget framgångsrikt bevisat sin giltighet. Dessutom har en känslighetsanalys genomförts för att svara på frågor som vilket år det billigaste alternativet, hålla ett hushåll isolerat från klustren eller skapa ett fristående system för det? Sammanfattningsvis, som det har sagts, har denna avhandling försökt besvara den tidigare ställda frågan i syfte att skapa ett användbart och standardverktyg som skulle kunna hjälpa andra liknande projekt i deras beslutsprocesser.