Driven by a growth of single-person households and individualized lifestyles, solo dining in restaurants is an increasingly recognizable trend. However, little is known about solo diners’ motives and preferences in on- and off-premises restaurant dining and the subsequent behavioral intentions. In order to enhance the understanding of solo diners’ motives, preferences, and behavioral intentions in restaurant dining, this dissertation proposed and completed three studies related to solo (vs. group) diners’ menu-decision making process, solo (vs. group) diners’ service mode-decision making process, and a restaurant scale development for solo diner friendliness. Specifically, Study 1 examined the effect of dining social context (solo vs. group) on healthy or indulgent menu item decisions using self-control dilemmas and temporal construal theory as a theoretical framework. Findings revealed that solo diners showed less preferences for indulgent menu items because of a more utilitarian (i.e., less hedonic) consumption orientation than group diners, and that solo diners showed more preferences for healthy menu items than group diners when the menu included nutrition information such as calories, fat, and sodium. Study 2 examined the effect of dining social context (solo vs. group) on off-site over on-site dining intentions based on three mediators and the moderating role of self-determination using the self-determination theory. Findings revealed that, in the self-determined condition, solo diners showed more preferences for off-premises dining than group diners via greater convenience-seeking and polychronicity-seeking tendencies and lower anticipated enjoyment of on-premises dining. In the context-determined condition, solo diners showed more preferences for off-premises dining than group diners only via polychronicity-seeking and anticipated enjoyment of on-premises dining, and the effects were smaller. Lastly, Study 3 developed and validated a Solo Diner Friendliness (SoDF) scale that measured restaurant menu and service dimensions important for solo diners’ enjoyment as well as restaurant revisit intentions. The SoDF scale provided nine items under three factors, namely, <i>Inconspicuousness</i>, <i>Proper Service</i>, and <i>Healthy Menu Items</i>, that are valid and reliable measurements for future research and restaurant operators. Altogether, this dissertation offered theoretical and practical implications regarding how solo diners differed from group diners on various motivational and behavioral perspectives in on- and off-premises restaurant dining.<br>

Industrial power generation is an ever-changing practice. After the steam turbine was invented energy production developed with accelerated tempo. Coal replaced wood, oil replaced coal and after natural gas started being used as an energy source, no one could even imagine better and cleaner energy technologies. But in the 21st century renewable energy started its development. The western world decided to develop green, environmentally friendlier technologies with a strong desire to become independent form oil and gas exporters. Hydrogen energy and fuel cell technology are two of the most promising fields of energy study. The European Union and the USA regularly invest a lot of money for research in this area and rapidly develop an energy economy that is free from CO2 emissions. In this scientific report, the situation of hydrogen energy systems in the world but also with a large focus on Russia has been investigated. The main focus was made on successful international projects which have been created within last decades. Moreover, hydrogen production methods and fuel cell technology were described in detail. The cost to produce 1 kg of hydrogen gas based off of Russian economic figures and using water electrolysis and steam reforming process was estimated. Solid oxide and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells were considered in the analysis. The next step was to estimate effectiveness of combined technology with electrical power of 1 kW and economic feasibility of using such technology as stand-alone power generation system in the regions with decentralized electricity.

Resandet försiggår i korridorer och fickor - mellanrum mellan här och där. Präglade av flyktighet och anonymitet utgör dessa rum en optimal plattform för introspektiv aktivitet. På bussen, tåget, flygplatsen, hotellet är vi ensamma tillsammans.  Projektet utgår ifrån en teoretisk undersökning av hotell och andra icke-platser som det globala kommunikationssamhället bidragit till.  De temporära rum som resande och hotellvistelser erbjuder ger utrymme för oss att ifrågasätta och utvärdera oss själva och vår identitet. Undersökningen fokuserar på individens påverkan av att befinna sig på avstånd från ”verkligheten”. Mariefred lämpar sig synnerligen bra att placera ett hotell marknadsfört som en plats man kan söka sig till för att vara ensam tillsammans med andra och fullt ut tillåta sig själv att befinna sig i mellanrummet, både fysiskt och psykist. Ambitionen har varit att utveckla ett hotellförslag där arkitekturen - såväl visuellt som rumsligt och konceptuellt - förstärker och uppmuntrar till asocial samvaro och introvert utforskning. / Travelling takes place in corridors and pockets - spaces inbetween here and there. Characterized by volatility and anonymity, these rooms provide an optimal platform for introspective activity. On the bus, the train, at the airport, the hotel - we are alone together. The project is based on a theoretical investigation of hotels and other non-places that the global society of communications has spawned. The temporary rooms that traveling and hotel stays provide, create a platform for us to question and evaluate our selves and our identity.The investigation focuses on how individuals who find themselves at a distance from "reality" react and are impacted.  Mariefred is a particularly well suited location for a hotel that markets itself as a place one can go to to be alone togehter with others and to fully allow oneself to be in the between - both physically and mentally. The ambition has been to develop a hotel where the architecture - both visually, spatially and conceptually - enhances and encourages antisocial togetherness and introverted exploration.

No description available.

No description available.

No Brasil, a expectativa de vida da população com 60 anos ou mais vem aumentando, dentre essa realidade, destacamos a quantidade de lares formados por idosas que são solteiras e que moram sozinhas. Partindo-se da perspectiva que o suporte de um sistema relacional é de grande importância, pois proporciona trocas, apoio e proteção, deve-se reconhecer que quanto mais o sujeito envelhece, tende a apresentar limitações que o levam a depender de outras pessoas, sejam familiares, amigos ou profissionais pagos. Diante desse panorama, constata-se que a realidade de idosas que não possuem filhos e cônjuges, e que habitam um domicílio unipessoal, é pouco conhecida, especialmente no estado de Pernambuco. Frente ao exposto, o objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi descrever como as idosas, que não são casadas e não possuem filhos, constroem suas redes de relacionamento, visando ao apoio e ao cuidado. Os objetivos específicos foram: identificar o perfil sociodemográfico delas; analisar como elas percebem seu processo de envelhecimento; identificar suas necessidades e sentimentos acerca do fato de morar sozinhas e suas expectativas para o futuro. e os motivos que as levaram a morar sozinha. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, da qual participaram oito idosas com idade cronológica acima de 60 anos, solteiras e que moram sozinhas. O instrumento utilizado foi uma entrevista constituída de questões que atendiam aos objetivos da pesquisa e também aos dados sociodemográficos das participantes. As entrevistas foram analisadas de acordo com a técnica da análise de conteúdo temática. Os principais resultados evidenciaram: 1) a heterogeneidade do envelhecimento, uma vez que as idosas enfatizaram a importância de ter um estilo de vida próprio que proporcione autonomia e satisfação com a vida; 2) a construção da rede de relacionamento, apoio e cuidados tem na família a fonte primordial (especialmente irmãos e sobrinhos), seguida pela espiritualidade/religiosidade e amizades; 3) a renda, aliada a uma boa escolaridade, apareceu como propiciando segurança e independência; 4) a experiência de morar sozinha, em geral, foi vista de forma positiva uma vez que as idosas vivem a velhice com prazer, saúde satisfatória e ocupações. Espera-se que a pesquisa contribua com conhecimentos acerca da realidade dessas idosas, como também possa subsidiar o trabalho dos profissionais que a elas atendem ou que estão interessados na temática do envelhecimento. / In Brazil, the expectation of the people's living 60 years or more has increased, from this reality, we highlight the amount of homes formed by older who are single and living alone. Starting from the perspective that the support of a relational system is of great importance as it provides exchanges, support and protection, it must be recognized that the more the subject age, tends to have limitations which cause them to depend on others, are family, friends or paid professionals. Against this background, it appears that the reality of elderly who do not have children and spouses, and inhabiting a one-person household, is little known, especially in the state of Pernambuco. Based on these, the general objective of this research was to describe as the elderly, who are not married and have no children, build their networks in order to support and care. The specific objectives were to identify the sociodemographic profile of them; analyze how they perceive their aging process; and identify their needs and feelings about the fact of living alone and their expectations for the future and the reasons that led them to live alone. It is a qualitative research, which was attended by eight elderly women with chronological age of 60, unmarried and living alone. The instrument used was an interview consists of questions that met the research objectives and also to the socio-demographic data of the participants. The interviews were analyzed according to the technique of thematic content analysis. The main results showed: 1) the heterogeneity of aging, since older emphasized the importance of having a proper lifestyle that provides autonomy and satisfaction with life; 2) the construction of social networking, support and care in the family has the primary source (especially brothers and nephews), followed by spirituality / religiosity and friendships; 3) income, combined with a good education, appeared as providing security and independence; 4) the experience of living alone, in general, was viewed positively because the elderly live to old age soon, satisfactory health and occupations. It is hoped that the research contributes to knowledge about the reality of these older, as can also support the work of the professionals that they meet or are interested in aging theme.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This doctoral thesis deals with the study, analysis and development of a new hybrid topology for voltage regulation of stand-alone microgeneration systems employing self-excited induction generators. The hybrid topology proposed considers a three-phase four-wire system and employs a distribution static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) in combination with banks of switchable capacitors (BCC) to perform the regulation of the terminal voltages of the induction generator. As a result of using the proposed topology, it is expected the regulation of the amplitude of the terminal voltages of the induction generator, with effective reduction of the power processed by DSTATCOM, regardless of the characteristic of the applied load. Therefore, it is considered the compensation of reactive currents of the system in terms of phase, amplitude and shape, performed by a suitable control system. The control structure applied to control the DSTATCOM and the switching of BCC ensures the regulation of voltages with low harmonic distortion (THD) and reduced distortion factor among voltages, in addition to keeping the generator currents sinusoidal and balanced. This thesis also investigates two distinct forms of frequency control using the electronic load control: (i) auxiliary load controlled by chopper element connected to the DC bus DSTATCOM and (ii) auxiliary load controlled by chopper element connected to the AC bus system through non-controlled three-phase rectifier. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate and demonstrate the suitable performance of the proposed hybrid topology in the regulation of voltages and system frequency. The system is tested by load transient including three-phase and single-phase loads, linear and non-linear loads, resistive and reactive loads. / Esta tese de doutorado trata do estudo, análise e desenvolvimento de uma nova topologia híbrida de regulação das tensões de sistemas isolados de microgeração empregando geradores de indução auto-excitados. A topologia híbrida proposta considera um sistema trifásico a quatro fios e emprega um compensador síncrono estático de distribuição (DSTATCOM) em associação a bancos de capacitores comutáveis (BCC) para efetuar a regulação das tensões terminais do gerador de indução. Como resultado da utilização da topologia proposta, espera-se a regulação da amplitude das tensões terminais do gerador, com efetiva redução da potência processada pelo DSTATCOM, independentemente da característica da carga aplicada. Considera-se, portanto, a compensação de correntes reativas do sistema em termos de fase, amplitude e forma, realizada a partir de sistema de controle adequado. A estrutura de controle aplicada ao controle do DSTATCOM e à comutação dos BCC, garante a regulação das tensões com reduzida taxa de distorção harmônica (THD) e reduzido fator de desequilíbrio de tensão (FD), além de manter as correntes do gerador senoidais e balanceadas. Neste trabalho também são investigadas duas formas distintas de controle de frequência a partir do controle eletrônico de carga: (i) carga auxiliar controlada por elemento chopper conectada ao barramento CC do DSTATCOM e (ii) carga auxiliar controlada por elemento chopper conectada ao barramento CA do sistema através de retificador trifásico não-controlado. Resultados de simulação e resultados experimentais são apresentados para validar e demonstrar o bom desempenho da topologia híbrida proposta na regulação das tensões e frequência do sistema. O sistema é testado mediante transitórios de cargas trifásicas e monofásicas, lineares e não-lineares, resistivas e reativas.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-03-04T10:45:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 leandrodamottaborges.pdf: 2242416 bytes, checksum: 10ac80b836250ec857dfe2dc8f819119 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T01:49:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 leandrodamottaborges.pdf: 2242416 bytes, checksum: 10ac80b836250ec857dfe2dc8f819119 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T01:49:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 leandrodamottaborges.pdf: 2242416 bytes, checksum: 10ac80b836250ec857dfe2dc8f819119 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-27 / Este trabalho apresenta o estudo, dimensionamento e gestão de um sistema solar fotovoltaico isolado da rede elétrica para alimentar cargas de equipamentos de automação industrial. Um exemplo de aplicação são unidades de comando e sinalização ferroviária que, em alguns casos, são comandadas por relés e, mais atualmente, sendo substituídas por Controladores Lógico Programáveis. No sistema solar fotovoltaico isolado, o excedente de energia elétrica produzida nos painéis solares fotovoltaicos é armazenado em baterias eletroquímicas estacionárias de chumbo-ácido para posterior aproveitamento durante o período noturno e de baixa produção de eletricidade. Esse tipo de bateria apresenta efeito de memória, não pode sofrer descarga profunda ou ser submetida a tensões elevadas. Assim, este trabalho visa especificar e dimensionar um sistema solar fotovoltaico para aplicações em cargas de automação industrial isolados da rede elétrica, bem como assegurar elevada vida útil da bateria eletroquímica de chumbo-ácido sem prejudicar o rastreamento de máxima potência dos painéis solares fotovoltaicos. Para isso, uma estratégia de gestão de energia possibilita alterar o controle do conversor CC-CC que realiza a interconexão entre os painéis solares fotovoltaicos e a bateria eletroquímica. Resultados de simulação computacional apontam para o bom desempenho conceitual do sistema e seu potencial para a aplicação pretendida. / This work presents the study, design and management of a stand-alone photovoltaic system to feed industrial automation load. E examples of application are railway signaling unit controls, which in some cases are controlled by electromechanical relays and more currently being replaced by programmable logical controllers. In a stand-alone photovoltaic system, the excess of electricity produced in the photovoltaic panels is stored in lead-acid stationary electrochemical batteries for later use during the night and low electricity production periods. This kind of battery presents memory effect, cannot have deep discharge or be subjected to high voltages. Thus, this work aims to specify and size a solar photovoltaic system for applications in industrial automation loads isolated from the grid, as well as ensuring longer lifetime to electrochemical battery of lead-acid without harming the maximum power tracker of photovoltaic panels. For this, a strategy for changing power management enables the control of DC-DC converter that performs the interconnection of photovoltaic panels and electrochemical battery. Results of computer simulation indicate the good conceptual performance of the system and its potential for the intended application.

Dagens uppvärming av hus kan ske med fjärrvärme och bakom leveransen av fjärrvärme finns det oftast en anläggning med en panna och operatörer som ska säkerställa driften så att hushållen får möjlighettill uppvärming. Vid eventuella störningar i anläggningen är det viktigt att operatörerna får möjlighet att felsöka problemet och därmed säkerställa driften av pannan, vilket ställer krav på felsökningen som operatörerna utför. Det här examensarbetet var i samarbete med Värmevärden i Nynäshamn AB och utfördes från juli 2020 till januari 2021. Syftet med projektet var att undersöka om det gick att identifiera vilka områden företaget behövde arbeta med för att förbättra den mekaniska felsökningen. Målet var att presentera ett förbättringsförslagför att ge operatörerna bättre förutsättningar vid felsökning av anläggningen. Projektprocessen som användes var projektcirkeln med två iterativa faser. För att planera projektet användes ett Gantt-schema och metoderna som användes för att samla information från operatörerna var observationer, intervjuer och information från företagets interna dokumentation. Inledningsvis genomfördes en kontextundersökning som var utgångspunkten i det här projektet. Ostrukturerade intervjuer med operatörerna och informationssamling från företagets interna dokumentation visade att företaget har utvecklingspotential gällande felsökning, grundorsaksanalyser och ensamarbete. Utifrån den kunskapen inhämtades därefter lämplig teori som grundorsaksanalys, ensamarbete, inlärning och kompetensutveckling, människans handlingsbeteenden, avvikelser i verksamheten, ta fram en metodstandard samt incidentrapportering. Kunskapen bidrog med ökad förståelse kring situationen och en djupare förståelse för ämnena. Därefter utfördes en datainsamling med hjälp av åtta intervjuer som pågick under tre dagar samt treobservationer i samband med besöken för intervjuerna. Denna datainsamling låg till grund för beskrivning av nuläget. Observation användes för att se hur tavlan med daglig styrning nyttjades men även för att studera hur personalen hanterade ett oplanerat strömavbrott. Slutligen analyserades även ”flippkortstavlan” som fanns inne i kontrollrummet som har fasta arbetsuppgifter, fördelade på jämna och ojämnaveckor. En intervju genomfördes med underhållsledaren men personen var ensam och därför kunde svaret inte skrivas ut i rapporten, med hänsyn till anonymiteten. Utifrån ovanstående datainsamling behövdes ytterligare information och teori för att komplettera kunskapen där ämnena var framtidens operatörer, systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete, säkerhet och risk och förbättringsarbete. Därefter genomfördes en analys av nuläget där den teoretiska referensramen kopplades ihop med nuläget, som förklarade vilken möjlighet till förändring som fanns inom respektive område. Resultatet bestod av områden som företaget har möjlighet att förbättra. Operatörernas situation och säkerhet vid ensamarbete behövde förbättras för att kunna skapa en tryggare arbetsmiljö, exempelvisgenom att utföra riskanalyser och förbättra säkerhetsutrustningen i anläggningen. För att genomföra en felsökning fanns det möjlighet att använda en checklista med korta och enkla frågor som togs fram underprojektet. En förklaring till varför grundorsaken var så pass viktig att genomföra och förslag på vem som är ansvarig för att en grundorsaksanalys utfördes förklarades i resultatet. Det föreslogs även att ta fram en handlingsplan för grundorsaksanalyserna för att kunna genomföra dessa. För att möjliggöra lärande av felsökning var det viktigt att ha ordentlig dokumentation. För att skapa en lärande organisation föreslogs det att företaget kunde använda en iterativ process samt att se de anställda till individer som har olika förutsättningar. Värmevärden i Nynäshamn borde även ta fram en handlingsplan för att uppnå organisatoriskt lärande men även möjliggöra kunskapsöverföring för operatörerna. Vid störningar var det viktigt att skapa kontinuitet för arbetsuppgifter inte ska falla mellan stolarna. För att möjliggöra hanteringenav avvikelser gavs det även förslag på hjälpmedel att använda sig av i processen, som iterativa processer, tavlor för att kunna överblicka arbetsuppgifterna och verktygstavlor kunde placeras ut i anläggningen. Företagets dokumentation hade förbättringspotential gällande vokabulär och hur termer användes där även flödesschemat vid händelser hade utvecklingspotential. Till sist lyftes även hur företaget kunde gör aför att möjliggöra bättre kontinuitet vid händelser som sträcker sig under en längre tid. Diskussionskapitlet syftade till att diskutera och besvara relevans, reflektion och slutsatser och till sists vara på projektets sex frågeställningar. Rekommendationerna poängterade vad som skulle förändras först och förslagen presenterades i en prioriteringslista. Punkterna baserades på operatörernas intervjuer och den teoretiska referensramen. Första förändringen som rekommenderades att genomföra var att undersöka och genomföra en riskanalys på ensamarbetet. Det rekommenderades även att gå igenom säkerhetsutrustningen i anläggningen och hantera tidsbristen genom att tidsinventera arbetsuppgifterna, även de oförutsedda händelserna för att se hur mycket tid som lades på dessa. I rekommendationen förklarades även hur en förändringsplan implementerades för att kunna realisera förändringar. Till sist handlade vidarearbete om punkter som hade uppmärksammats under projektet, där det fanns potential att göra en förändring men punkterna behövde undersökas ytterligare för att se hur förändringen skulle genomföras. / Today’s heating of houses can take place with district heating and behind the delivery of district heating is there are often a facility with a boiler and operators that will ensure heating of the households. In the event of disturbances of the plant it is important that the operators are given the opportunity to troubleshoot the problem and thereby ensure that the boiler and the plant is working, which places demands on the troubleshooting that the operators perform. This master thesis was a collaboration with Värmevärden in Nynäshamn AB and was conducted from July 2020 to January 2021. The purpose of this project was to investigate whether it is possible to identify which areas the company needed to work with to improve the mechanical troubleshooting. The goal was to present an improvement proposal to give the operators better conditions when troubleshooting the facility. The process of the project was the project circle with two iterative phases. A Gantt-chart was used to plan the project and the methods used to gather information from the operators were observations, interviews, and information from the company’s internal documentation. Initially in the project, a context study was conducted which was the starting point for this project. Unstructured interviews with the operators and information gathering from the company’s internal documentation showed that the company had a development potential regarding troubleshooting, root cause analysis and working alone. Based on that knowledge, useful theory was then obtained such as root cause analysis, solo work, learning and competence development, human action behaviours, deviation in the business, developing a method standard and reporting incidents. The knowledge contributed with and increased understanding for the situation and deeper understanding for the topics. Subsequently, a data collection was made with help of eight interviews for three days, as well as three observations in connection with the visits for the interviews. This data collection was the basis for describing the current situation. Observation was used to see how the board with daily control was used but also to study how the staff handled an unplanned power outage. Finally, the ”flip cardboard” that was inside the control room, which has fixed tasks even and uneven weeks, was also analysed. An interview was conducted with the maintenance manager, but the person was alone and therefore the answer could not be printed in the report with regard to anonymity. Based on the data collection, additional information and theory were needed to supplement the knowledge where the subjects were the operators of the future, systematic work environment work, safety and risk and improvement work. The current situation was then analysed with the help of the theoretical framework, which explained the possibility of change in each area. An analysis of the current situation was then performed where the theoretical framework was linked to the current situation. The result consisted of areas that the company had the opportunity to improve. The operators’ situation and safety in working alone needed to be improved to be able to create a safer work environment, for example by carrying out risk analyses and improving the safety equipment in the facility. To perform a troubleshooting, it was possible to use a checklist with short and simple questions that was provided during this project. An explanation of why the root cause was so important to perform and suggestions on who is responsible for a root cause analysis was given in the result. It was also proposed to develop an action plan for the root cause analyses in order to be able to implement them. To enable to learn from the troubleshooting, it was important to have proper documentation. To create a learning organisation, it was suggested that the company used an iterative process and to saw the employees as individuals who had different conditions. Värmevärden in Nynäshamn should also develop an action plan to achieve organisational learning but also enable knowledge transfer for the operators. In the event of disturbances, it was important to create continuity so that work tasks do not fall between the chairs. To enable the handling of deviations, suggestions was also given for aids to use in the process, such as iterative processes, boards to be able to overview the work tasks and tool boards can be placed in the facility. The company’s documentation had potential for improvement regarding vocabulary and how terms were used, where the flow charts for events also had development potential. Finally, it also highlighted what the company could do to enable better continuity in the event of events that extend for a longer period.  The discussion chapter aimed to discuss and answer relevance, reflection and conclusions and finally answer the project’s six questions. The recommendations were intended to point out what should be changed first, and the proposals was presented in a priority list. The areas were based on the operators’ interview and the theoretical framework of this project. The first change that was recommended to be implemented was to investigate and perform a risk analysis of the work done alone. It was also recommended to go through the safety equipment in the facility and manage the lack of time by time-inventorying the work tasks, including the unforeseen events to see how much time that was spent on these events. The recommendation also explained how a change plan should be implemented in order to be able to realise changes. Finally, the further work highlighted areas that had been noticed during the project, where there was potential to make a change but the areas needed to be investigated further to see how the change would be implemented.

In modern healthcare organizations, work is increasingly team-oriented, which puts pressure on information technology to support staff collaborations. Healthcare organizations are lagging behind in the use of IT and often use outdated systems. A reason for this is the long and cumbersome process of IT-procurement. Stand-alone systems can help such organizations be more efficient, and receptive of the latest technologies, while conveying lower risks, and increased chances of successful implementation. Therefore, this study has investigated what problems can be expected, and how to manage them, when designing such systems. The study was conducted at the Department for Reconstructive Surgery at Karolinska University Hospital. Action research was used, and a system supporting the scheduling of doctors was deigned, implemented and evaluated. The study consists of an initial exploratory phase, a design and implementation phase, and an evaluation phase. The findings of this study indicate that the problems that can be expected when developing a stand-alone system at a small specialized healthcare department are: 1) that the hierarchies among staff may lead to failure to accept designs and the designs not taking all stakeholders into account, 2) that the complexity may lead to an inability to identify the real problems and define appropriate design-goals, and 3) that the combination of 1 and 2 hinders a mutual understanding of design-goals, problems, and solutions. To manage the problems, this study suggests the use of participatory design, user centered system design, and a computer supported collaborative work approach, and provides guidelines for using these to reach an effective implementation. / I moderna sjukhus arbetar man allt mer team-orienterat, vilket ställer krav på system och programvara att stödja samarbeten personalen emellan. Inom sjukvården sker anskaffandet av nya tekniker genom om offentlig upphandling, vilka är tungrodda processer som tar lång tid. Detta leder till att många sjukhus har utdaterade system som inte tjänar organisationernas bästa. Genom att anskaffa mindre, fristående system kan mottagligheten för de senaste teknikerna ökas, och med denna kan även en ökad effektivitet av administrativt arbete uppnås, till låg risk och med möjlighet till effektiv implementation. Av dessa anledningar har denna studie undersökt vilka problem som kan förväntas vid utveckling av sådana system, och hur dessa problem kan överbryggas. Studien utfördes på Kliniken för Rekonstruktiv Plastikkirurgi på Karolinska Sjukhuset i Solna. Vi använde oss av aktionsforskning, och utvecklade, implementerade samt utvärderade ett stödsystem för schemaläggningsprocessen på kliniken. Studien består av tre faser: en explorativ fas, en design- och implementationsfas, samt en utvärderingsfas. Resultaten visar på att de problem som kan förväntas när man utvecklar ett fristående system för en specialiserad kirurgklinik är: 1) att hierarkier inom personalstyrkan kan leda till att utformningen av system inte accepteras, och att system inte bistår alla intressenter, 2) att organisationens komplexitet gör det svårt att identifiera de underliggande problemen, och definiera ändamålsenliga målsättningar för utformningen av systemet, och 3) att kombinationen av 1 och 2 hindrar en ömsesidig förståelse för utformningen av systemet, de problem som finns, och hur man kan lösa dem. Vidare visar denna studie att problemen kan överbryggas genom att använda metoder för deltagande design, användarcentrerad design och en modell för synsätt kallad computer supported collaborative work under designprocessen. Vidare tillhandahåller studien riktlinjer för hur dessa metoder och synsätt kan användas för att uppnå en effektiv implementation.