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Edward Whittemore (1933-1995) is a now almost unknown American writer. This project seeks to bring Edward Whittemore to light. Though he has a simple voice and a subtle but vast knowledge of history, he writes with a fantastic imagination and dramatizes a timely but tragic message. In “Part One” of Sinai Tapestry, Whittemore explores the complex relationship between Chaos and Order through the extravagant lives of his major characters, Plantagenet Strongbow and Skanderbeg Wallenstein. Through a biography of Whittemore’s life and a close analysis of Strongbow’s and Wallenstein’s relationship, I will highlight Whittemore’s depth as an author and thinker, make evident his availability to literary analysis and critical theory, and argue the presence of Whittemore’s own ideology regarding the systems that govern human experience.

Narrative, Gender, and Masquerade tracks the way the American novel of manners structures itself on representations of a pair of purportedly opposite and opposing women, the fair, innocent girl and the dark, tempting seductress. This opposition increasingly merges into sameness even as the novel in which it appears labors to keep the two characters separate in order to stabilize its textual architecture of thematic and formal binaries. Presenting itself as a text closely related to a social reality, the American novel of manners is structured as a masquerade: purporting to reveal as it conceals, conjuring readerly doubt as to the nature of both mask and reality. There are two main theoretical traditions in the study of masquerade. The first, the anthropologically-inflected cultural and literary historical approach to masks and masquerade, typically is applied to literary texts to explain religious and political historical exigencies as reflected in a given work of literature. The second, the psychoanalically-based theory of femininity as a masquerade, is most often deployed to use the text as a means of explaining the male gaze, desire, and gender performance. My reading of the American novel as gendered rests on dissolving the disciplinary borders between the two, thereby focusing reading on the form of the novel as well as its relation to its cultural, historical, and literary context. The novels I analyze situate women into stereotypical binary roles of the virgin and the seductress. These narratives register a duality between reality and representation that is analogous to the gender masking the novels take as their theme.

A recurrent premise of post-war criticism is that World War II marked the end of the American working class novel. This thesis challenges this assumption and argues that the working class novel redeveloped throughout the 1940s and 1950s in response to major social, political, economic and cultural changes in the United States. A prime justification for the obituary on the working class novel was that after 1945 the United States no longer had class divisions. However, as the first two chapters of this study point out, such a view was promulgated by influential literary critics and social scientists who, as former Marxists, were keen to distance themselves from class politics. Insisting that the working class novel was hamstrung by a dogmatic Marxist politics and a fealty to social realism, these critics argued that the genre's relevance depended on the outdated politics and conditions of the 1930s. As such they were able to use literary criticism as a means of justifying their own ambiguous politics and deflecting any close scrutiny of their accommodation with the post-war liberal consensus. In a close examination of four writers in the subsequent chapters it is shown that, in fact, working class writers were extremely successful in adapting to post-war conditions. Harvey Swados, in his novel On the Line (1957) and in his journalism, provides crucial insights into the effects of the transition from a Fordist to a post-industrial society on the identity of the industrial worker. In The Dollmaker (1954) Harriette Arnow dramatises an important migration from the rural South to Detroit during World War II which exposes the ways in which American capitalism was able to diffuse a national working class identity. Chester Himes' novel If He Hollers Let Him Go (1945), and his experiences as an African American writer in the 1940s, highlight the intersections between race (and racism) and class in the United States. Hubert Selby, in Last Exit to Brooklyn (1957), undermines the hegemonic ideology of post-war consumerism by drawing attention to the poverty and violence in an urban working class community. All these writers share a common concern with continuing, and re-developing, the dynamic and heterogeneous tradition of American working class cultural production.

My study examines contemporary Asian American narratives of subject formation through the theoretical lens of the Bildungsroman. A European genre originating in late-eighteenth- and early-nineteen-century Germany, the conventional Bildungsroman is a literary tool whose main objective is to depict an idealized subject's modern socialization. As Franco Moretti nicely captures in his study of the Bildungsroman, The Way of the World, the genre's significance is, above all, its successful representation of a reconciliation of an individual's revolting desires and society's regulatory demands. While highlighting a harmonious convergence of an individual and society, Moretti points to a white European subject's becoming a normative citizen in the rise of bourgeois capitalism. American writers of Asian descent have both utilized and transformed the conventional Bildungsroman form to describe their particular subject formation in the United States. The Asian American Bildungsroman differs from the white American as well as the European Bildungsroman, both formally and thematically, mainly because the racial group's social, political, and economic conditions have been marked by the U.S. exclusion of Asians. Asian American writers' generic interventions of the Bildungsroman thus exhibit their distinctive formal interventions and textual strategies to respond to legal and social exclusions of Asians in this country. In reading four Asian American narratives of subject formation, either novelistic or (auto)biographical in form, I argue the writers invented new versions of the genre, including the communal, the assimilative, the deconstructive, and the competitive Bildungsromane. This dissertation examines how conditions of textual expressions of the contemporary Asian American Bildungsroman have been not only predominantly marked by race but also further affected by class. The significance of the Asian American Bildungsroman is at once its interrogation of the contradiction within the American ideals and its construction of Asian American subjecthood.

There are many heroines in American fiction, and in this thesis I have tried to show the development of the characterization of women in the American novel.

Esta dissertação investiga os modos de representação da realidade no romance Homem em queda, do norte-americano Don DeLillo. O método utilizado é a análise interpretativa de trechos chaves do romance que possam representar a arquitetura de toda a narrativa, ao modo de Erich Auerbach. Escritos do teórico Fredric Jameson acerca do inconsciente político e da questão temporal na pós-modernidade se somam a teorias de Karl Marx (alienação) e Guy Debord (sociedade do espetáculo) para auxiliar a leitura sócio-histórica do romance. / This master\'s thesis investigates the representation of reality in the novel Falling Man, by Don DeLillo. The method is the interpretative analysis of key excerpts of the novel which may represent the whole architecture of the narrative, following the steps of Erich Auerbach. Writings by Fredric Jameson about the political unconscious and temporality in postmodernity as the theories of Karl Marx (alienation) and Guy Debord (society of the spectacle) helped us leading a socio-historical reading of the novel.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-08-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:18:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ferreira_frr_me_assis.pdf: 1471651 bytes, checksum: bd5f3120db973d10a8afa75cfb12ca4f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma análise descritiva de três traduções para o português do romance The Red Badge of Courage, do escritor norte-americano Stephen Crane, a fim de verificar qual tradução evidencia uma correspondência estilística com o texto de partida. O capítulo 1 trata da vida do autor e de sua obra, situando-a em seu contexto histórico-literário, e de um breve estudo sobre as diversas obras e artigos que se dedicam à análise do livro em questão.O segundo capítulo discorre sobre a teoria da tradução e o problema do estilo na mesma. Esta pesquisa procura seguir a proposta de Aubert (1998) e de Barbosa (1990) no que diz respeito às modalidades (ou procedimentos) de tradução; o estudo das diferenças existentes entre os planos de representação lingüística de Vinay e Darbelnet (1995); e a tensão existente entre tradução literal e tradução livre. O capítulo 3 discorre sobre o movimento impressionista na pintura e suas influências na literatura e, portanto, em The Red Badge of Courage. O quarto capítulo trata da descrição e análise das traduções da referida obra, apontando as modalidades de tradução aplicadas aos textos, observando as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos tradutores, bem como as soluções por eles encontradas a fim de manterem o sentido do original e recriarem a forma do texto língua de partida. / The present work aims at a descriptive analysis of three translations into Portuguese of The Red Badge of Courage, by the American Stephen Crane, in order to find out which translation conveys a stylistic correspondence with the source text. Chapter 1 deals with the author's life and work, putting The Red Badge of Courage in its literary-historical context, and with a brief study about the several books and articles that contribute themselves to the analysis of The Red Badge of Courage. The second chapter is about the theory of translation and the problem of style in it. This research attempts to follow Aubert's (1998) and Barbosa's (1990) proposals regarding the procedures of translation; the study of differences between the concrete and abstract levels of expression by Vinay & Darbelnet (1995); and also the tension between literal and free translation. Chapter 3 discourses on Impressionism in painting and its influence on literature and therefore on The Red Badge of Courage. The fourth chapter deals with the description and analysis of excerpts of the above-mentioned book, pointing out the procedures of translation employed in the texts, noticing the difficulties faced by the translators, as well as the solutions they found in order to keep the original meaning and to recreate the form of the source text.

Esta dissertação investiga os modos de representação da realidade no romance Homem em queda, do norte-americano Don DeLillo. O método utilizado é a análise interpretativa de trechos chaves do romance que possam representar a arquitetura de toda a narrativa, ao modo de Erich Auerbach. Escritos do teórico Fredric Jameson acerca do inconsciente político e da questão temporal na pós-modernidade se somam a teorias de Karl Marx (alienação) e Guy Debord (sociedade do espetáculo) para auxiliar a leitura sócio-histórica do romance. / This master\'s thesis investigates the representation of reality in the novel Falling Man, by Don DeLillo. The method is the interpretative analysis of key excerpts of the novel which may represent the whole architecture of the narrative, following the steps of Erich Auerbach. Writings by Fredric Jameson about the political unconscious and temporality in postmodernity as the theories of Karl Marx (alienation) and Guy Debord (society of the spectacle) helped us leading a socio-historical reading of the novel.

Les romans de Powers, Auster et Wideman sont travaillés par l’image et hantés par l’histoire. Au fil des pages, photographes, peintres, spectateurs visionnaires ou témoins aveugles signifient la toute-puissance d’une image qui, bien souvent, scelle la rencontre du regard et du passé. L’entrée dans l’image est aussi entrée dans l’histoire événementielle, et l’histoire quant à elle ne se donne à voir que sous forme d’image, photographique, picturale ou langagière. Cependant, l’image, qu’elle soit littérale ou littéraire, oppose une temporalité propre au temps de l’histoire : conjonction précaire du passé et du présent, simultanéité de temporalités disjointes, l’image, par son hétérogénéité même, disloque le cours de l’histoire. Dans les six romans de Powers, Auster et Wideman qui constituent le corpus de cette thèse, l’image apparaît alors comme le lieu de la conversion du temps chronologique en temps imaginaire ; par le truchement de l’image, le temps des horloges est suspendu tandis qu’afflue celui de la fiction. En reconfigurant le temps, l’image politise l’écriture des trois écrivains : parce qu’elle est en excès de tout discours historiciste, elle fait exploser les mythes fondateurs de l’Amérique et les postulats d’une histoire orientée. Elle démonte le discours du progrès chez Powers, brouille le code des couleurs chez Wideman, et vide le symbole de sa force consensuelle chez Auster. Elle ouvre un temps convulsif à l’intérieur du temps chronologique, et engage, par sa forme même, le regard qui se pose sur elle. Parce qu’elle est force explosive et fictionnante, l’image engendre alors une communauté qui ne communie plus autour de mythes et de symboles, mais s’éprouve en tant que fiction ; l’image apparaît ainsi comme une image « en reste », un résidu et une réserve qui désœuvre la communauté, défait toute clôture narrative et totalité organique, et réinvente les imaginaires du commun. / Auster’s, Power’s and Wideman’s novels are wrought by images and haunted by history. Page after page, photographers, painters, visionary onlookers, or blind witnesses testify to the might of images that force the gaze to confront the past. Entering an image also means entering history and history, in its turn, reveals itself under the form of photographic, pictorial, or verbal images. However, the image, whether literal or literary, pits its own temporality against the time of history : a tenuous conjunction of past and present, a simultaneous combination of disconnected temporalities, the image, by its very heterogeneity, disrupts the flow of history. In the six novels by Paul Auster, Richard Powers, and John Edgar Wideman that make up the corpus of this dissertation, the image then is the crux where chronological time is converted into imaginary time; through the image, clockset time is suspended while the time of fiction flows in. By rearranging time, the image politicizes the writings of these three authors: because it exceeds historicist and positivist discourses, the image blows apart the founding myths of America and the premises of a biased history. In Powers’s novels, it debunks the discourse of progress, in Wideman’s it blurs the code of colours , and drains the symbol of its consensual strength in Auster’s. The image opens up a convulsive time within chronological time and by its sheer form, commits the gaze that rests on it. Because of its explosive and fictional strength, the image begets a community that no longer communes around myths and symbols but experiences itself as fictional ; a lingering image, a remnant and a supply of meaning, it makes the community inoperative, as it undermines narrative closure and ruins any notion of an organic whole, thus crafting new forms of poetic commonality.