Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2018-08-13T20:06:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Cleonice_Lopes-Flois.pdf: 1512768 bytes, checksum: 52933c9e28ebec6c35d76d851736a2d1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T20:06:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Cleonice_Lopes-Flois.pdf: 1512768 bytes, checksum: 52933c9e28ebec6c35d76d851736a2d1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation approaches the identity displacements in the narratives Mulheres de Cinzas (2015) by the Mozambican author Mia Couto and Americanah (2014) by the Nigerian author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Those post-colonial African literary works are analyzed by the comparative studies bias and aim to reflect about the subject and, specially, the female subject starting at the approach of subalternity, otherness and resistance. To analyze literary works such as Mulheres de Cinzas and Americanah, which inquiry and subvert hegemonic discourses, justify itself for being a point to access knowledge and change of mentality, contributing to end the danger of a single story, as Chimamanda Adichie stated. The reading of Adichie and Couto provides the access to the discourse of resistance and recognition of cultural differences and plural identity processes, because it enables the reader to be in touch with confrontations capable of producing identitary and cultural displacements through the most critical reading of the literary text, as proposed by comparative studies. The ways of narrating of Adichie and Couto present traces of resistance that are essential to the subversion of hegemonic discourses bringing up conceptual standards that go beyond cultural belonging, as traditionally imagined. By means of resistance of the characters, the double writing that permeates Adichie and Couto writing reveal itself by bringing up a reconceptualization of culture incorporated in a sense of ambivalence, which deterritorialization generates by generating hybrid cultures. That multiple writing instrumentalizes the language used by the authors, in order to make it a power tool. To give theoretical support to the literary analysis of the works and reflect on the themes contained in this study, I seek support in Stuart Hall (1996, 2001, 2008), Frantz Fanon (1979, 2008), Homi Bhabha (2005), Gayatri Spivak (1997), Ana Mafalda Leite (2003, 2012), Carmen Lucia Tindó Ribeiro Secco (2000), Walter Mignolo (2003), Michelle Perrot (2007, 2003), Anibal Quijano (1999, 2003), Nestor Garcia Canclini Thomas Bonnici (2000, 2011), William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (1989), Paul Gilroy (2003), Tomaz Tadeu Silva (2003), Gilles Deleuze; Félix Guattari (1995, 1996), Roland Barthes (1975, 1978, 1999, 2004, 2004a, 2005) among others. / Esta dissertação tem como tema o estudo dos deslocamentos identitários nas narrativas Mulheres de Cinzas (2015) do escritor moçambicano Mia Couto e Americanah (2014) da escritora nigeriana Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Estas obras da literatura africana pós-colonial são analisadas pelo viés dos estudos comparados e objetivam refletir sobre o sujeito e, especificamente, o sujeito feminino a partir da abordagem da subalternidade, da outridade e da resistência. Analisar obras literárias como Mulheres de Cinzas e Americanah, que questionam e subvertem discursos hegemônicos, se justifica por ser mais uma forma de acesso ao conhecimento e à mudança de mentalidade, o que contribui no combate aos perigos da história única, termo utilizado por Chimamanda Adichie. A leitura de Adichie e Couto e suas obras propicia o acesso ao discurso de resistência e reconhecimento de diferenças culturais e de processos identitários plurais, pois possibilita para o leitor enfrentamentos capazes de produzir deslocamentos identitários e culturais por meio da leitura mais crítica do texto literário, da maneira que propõem os estudos comparados. Os modos de narrar de Adichie e Couto apresentam traços de resistência essenciais para a subversão dos discursos hegemônicos de modo a trazer à tona padrões conceituais que vão além do pertencimento cultural como tradicionalmente imaginado. Por meio da resistência das personagens das obras, a escritura dupla que permeia a escrita de Adichie e Couto se mostra trazendo uma reconceitualização da cultura incorporada a um sentimento de ambivalência, que a desterritorialização gera engendrando culturas híbridas. Essa escritura múltipla instrumentaliza a linguagem utilizada pela autora e pelo autor, de modo a torná-la ferramenta de poder. Para dar suporte teórico à analise literária das obras e refletir sobre as temáticas contidas neste estudo, busquei respaldo em Stuart Hall (1996, 2001, 2008), Frantz Fanon (1979, 2008), Homi Bhabha (2005), Gayatri Spivak (1985, 2014), Ana Mafalda Leite (2003, 2012), Carmen Lucia Tindó Ribeiro Secco (2000), Walter Mignolo (2003), Michelle Perrot (2007, 2003), Anibal Quijano (1999, 2003), Nestor Garcia Canclini (1997), Thomas Bonnici (2000, 2011), William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (1989), Paul Gilroy (2003), Tomaz Tadeu Silva (2003), Gilles Deleuze; Félix Guattari (1995a, 1995b, 1996), Roland Barthes (1975, 1978, 1999, 2004, 2004a, 2005) entre outros.

[pt] O presente estudo promove um diálogo entre os romances Compaixão, de Toni Morrison, que narra o passado escravista na Virgínia, em um período da história norte-americana anterior à constituição dos Estados Unidos, e Americanah, de Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie, cuja narrativa encena os vários encontros e desdobramentos culturais a partir de movimentos migratórios por seus personagens. Busca-se, através desse diálogo, refletir sobre questões relativas a nação e identidade que emergem nessas narrativas de vivências diaspóricas. O recorte proposto privilegia como ponto de encontro das obras em foco o trânsito, por elas materializado, entre diferentes temporalidades da África e da América do Norte. O contato entre esses dois lados do Atlântico evidencia a estruturação de um sistema de trocas, que constitui o intenso fluxo de corpos, símbolos, mercadorias, provoca negociações e contatos múltiplos, rasura ou fortalece fronteiras. Pensar a figura do Atlântico enquanto local de encontro de Compaixão e Americanah é produzir um movimento para além de uma perspectiva identitária fundada nos limites dos Estados nacionais modernos e na negação da diferença. Em contraposição, o estudo investe no mapeamento de identidades múltiplas, construídas a partir de encontros e interações, sejam eles compulsórios, como o escravismo, ou sejam negociados, como os processos de imigração contemporâneos. Ao conferirmos maior ênfase nas rotas e não nas raízes culturais, evidenciamos os trânsitos como mecanismos que deslocam a identidade do plano nacionalista e territorial. / [en] The following research promotes a dialogue between Toni Morrison s Compaixão A Mercy and Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie s Americanah in order to reflect on issues related to the modern nation-state and identity evoked by these diasporic narratives. The analysis has focused on the different temporalities between Africa and North America the novels create. The contact between these two sides of the Atlantic Ocean structures a system which involves cultural exchange, global flows of bodies, symbols, commodities, cultural negotiation processes, multiple contacts, weakening or strengthening borders. Considering the Atlantic Ocean as a meeting space for Compaixão A Mercy and Americanah helps us imagine identity beyond the nation-state homogeneity and map multiple identities constructed through compulsory or negotiated interactions, such as the ones provoked by the 17th century-North-American slavery trade and the ones caused by contemporary diasporas. Focusing on the routes rather than cultural roots, the analysis presents diasporic movements as mechanisms capable of shifting identity from national and territorial aspects.

The Swedish school has grown multicultural due to the recent years' migration and globalization of society. This place higher demands on the school's responsibility to educate students who are accepting and understanding towards each other, no matter their cultural and ethnic backgrounds. With application of postcolonial theory and its features; alterity, identity and racial prejudice to C.N Adichie's novel Americanah, it is argued that the inclusion of postcolonial literature in the EFL classroom may help students in developing an understanding for democratic values, and in exploring their roles in a diverse environment.

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Text in English with abstracts and keywords in English, Afrikaans and Zulu / Beyond the African boundaries, the black body is marked with an othered identity that often leaves its bearer open to discrimination. Being black is considered a transgression because, presumably, it constitutes deviance from a particular skin pigmentation, spatial norm and cultural practice. This dissertation examines the depiction of people of colour, particularly blacks, as transgressive bodies and invaders of space. From a postcolonial perspective, it investigates the racial implications of blackness by reason of migration. This study draws on a critical analysis of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Americanah (2013) and Trevor Noah’s Born a Crime (2016) to investigate the intersection of identity, race and spatial zones as thematic concerns in both texts. I contend that despite the fact that race is a social construct, it continually has an impact on the individual living of blacks in the space they inhabit or where they exist. They are burdened by the negativities generated by their colour, consequently perceiving themselves as deviants from the norm. Unlike Adichie’s other novels, the theme of migration is more profound in Americanah to reflect the intense consequences of race for African migrants in the western world. Therefore, I seek to establish that the stereotyping of Africans owing to their racial and cultural differences forces them to alter their identity in order to be recognised and accepted. In the same regard, the study projects Trevor Noah’s holistic representation of displacement both within self and community. More insightful is the writer’s engagement of body politics as a propeller for socio-economic issues. These issues explored in both texts ultimately present a (re)imagining of people of colour within the othered zones. / Buite die Afrikagrense word die swart liggaam gemerk met 'n gemarginaliseerde (“anderste”) identiteit wat die draer dikwels ooplaat vir diskriminasie. Swartwees word as 'n oortreding beskou, want dit is vermoedelik 'n afwyking van 'n bepaalde velpigmentasie, ruimtelike norm en kulturele praktyk. Hierdie verhandeling ondersoek die uitbeelding van mense van kleur, veral swart mense, as oortredende liggame en indringers van die ruimte. Vanuit 'n postkoloniale perspektief ondersoek dit die rasse-implikasies van swartheid as gevolg van migrasie. Hierdie studie neem as uitgangspunt die kritiese analise van Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie se Americanah (2013) en Trevor Noah se Born a Crime (2016) om die interseksie van identiteit, ras en ruimtelike sones as tematiek in albei tekste te ondersoek. Ek beweer dat, ondanks die feit dat ras 'n sosiale konstruk is, dit voortdurend 'n impak het op die individuele leefwyse van swart mense in die ruimte waarin hulle woon of waar hulle bestaan. Gevolglik word hulle belemmer deur negatiewe aspekte wat deur hul kleur gegenereer word, en hulself gevolglik as afwykers van die norm beskou. Anders as haar ander romans, is Adichie se migrasieprobleme meer diepgaande in Americanah om die intense gevolge van rassekwessies vir Afrika-migrante in die Westerse wêreld te weerspieël. Daarom wil ek vasstel dat die stereotipering van Afrikane weens hul rasse- en kulturele verskille hulle dwing om hul identiteit te verander om erken en aanvaar te word. In dieselfde verband projekteer die studie Trevor Noah se holistiese voorstelling van verplasing binne die self en die gemeenskap. Meer insiggewend is die skrywer se betrokkenheid by liggaamspolitiek as 'n voorstuwer vir sosio-ekonomiese kwessies. Hierdie kwessies, wat in albei tekste ondersoek word, bied uiteindelik 'n (her)verbeelding van mense van kleur binne die “ander” sones. / Nangaphandle kwemingcele ye-Afrika, imizimba yabantu abamnyama imakwe ngobuzazisi babanye, lokhu okuvama ukushiya lowo walowo mzimba omnyama esesimweni sokubandlululwa. Ukuba mnyama kuthathwa njengento eyisono neyeqe umngcele omukelekile ngoba, kuvanyiswe ukuthathwa njengokwehlukile kwibala elithile lesikhumba, indawo evamile kanye nezinkambiso zamasiko. Le dissertation ihlola ukuthathwa kwabantu abanebala, ikakhulukazi elimnyama, njengemizimba ewukweqa okuhle nokwamukelekile kanye neyabahlasela indawo. Ukusuka kwimibono yenkathi engemuva kobukoloni, iphenya ngemiphumela yombono webala elimnyama ngenxa yokuya kwamanye amazwe. Ucwaningo luthathela kuhlaziyo olunzulu lwemibhalo kaChinamanda Ngozi Adichie ye-Americanah (2013) kanye ne-Trevor Noah’s Born a Crime (2016) ukuphenya ngokuxhumana kobuzazisi, ukubuka izinto ngeso lebala kanye nezindawo njengezinto eziyizihloko zemibhalo. Ngibeka elokuthi noma udaba lwebala kuyinto eyenziwe ngabantu, kodwa inomphumela kumuntu ophila njengomuntu omnyama, ohlala endaweni ahlala kuyo noma lapho akhona. Ngenxa yalokho-ke, bathwele umthwalo omubi ngenxa yebala labo, ngalokho bazibona njengabahlukile kokujwayelekile nokufanele. Ngokwehluka namanye amanoveli, ukukhathazeka ngokuya kwamanye amazwe kubonakala kakhulu kwi-Americanah ukubheka kanzulu ngemiphumela ejulile yokubuka izinto ngokwebala kubantu ababuya eAfrika abaya kumazwe asentshonalanga. Ngakho ke, ngifuna ukuqaphela indlela abantu abangama-Afrika ababonwa ngayo ngendlela ethile embi nemi ndawonye (stereotyping) ngenxa yomehluko wabo ngokubona izinto ngokwebala kanye nomehluko ngokwezamasiko, ukushintsha ubuzazi babo ukuze bamukelwe nokumukeleka. Ngale ndlela, ucwaningo lubhekisa kwindlela ephelele kaTrevor Noah, yokuzibona eqhelilee nokwehluka ngobuyena ngaphakathi kuye kanye nasemphakathini. Ngokubona izinto ngeso elijulile ngokubheka ezepolitiki kombhali njengesisunduzi kwizinto ezibhekene nabantu kanye nezomnotho. Lezi zinto zicwaninga ngokombhalo kanye nokubeka kabusha ngombono nendlela entsha abantu bebala, emkhakheni wabanye. / Afrikaans and Theory of Literature / M.A. (Theory of Literature)

In An Image of Africa, Chinua Achebe indicts Conrad’s Heart of Darkness for exemplifying the kind of purist rhetoric that has long benefited Western ontology while propagating reductive renderings of African experience. Edward Said refers to this dynamic as the way in which societies define themselves contextually against an imagined Other. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s fiction exposes how, by occupying cultural dominance, Western, white male values are normalized as universal. Nevertheless, these values are de-naturalized by their inconsistencies in the lived experiences of Adichie’s black, African women. Women who are at once aware of and participant in, the pretentions that underlie social interaction—pointing to the inevitability of performativity and disrupting the illusion of pure identity. These realizations interrupt Conrad’s essentialist conception of identity and reclaim diverse ontological possibilities for the Other.