The thesis adopts a strategic management with an explicit game theory orientation to the analysis of the OPEC coalition. Two games are identified, one between OPEC and the oil majors the MNOCs, (G1) and another between the members of OPEC themselves (G2). The payoff structures of the games are identified using a Delphi methodology, supported by an extensive literature together with output data relating to the OPEC coalition. The analysis reveals prisoners' dilemma structures in the case of G1, and an evolutionary- game, a chicken game in the case of G2. The thesis makes a contribution to knowledge in a number of respects. Coalition behaviour is analysed in terms of evolutionary- stability, an innovation with respect to the study of coalitions. New data is used, as a result of the Delphi procedure. The underlying mathematical structure of the Delphi procedure is set out with reference to the estimation of payoff structures of the respective games. A cardinal utility approach is used as a basis for calculating the payoff matrices involved in the various OPEC games. Further it is hoped the thesis indicates the potential scope of game theory as a tool of strategic analysis. OPEC is playing important roles in: the international oil industry, and the world oil market. Arguably, in the oil industry, OPEC has a number of tasks, including the promotion of international competition. This would best serve its members' interests. With regard to the performance of OPEC to date, the organisation has achieved part of its objectives, but not all of them. In this research the objectives of OPEC have three dimensions: economic, political and technical. The aims of the research are to provide a deeper understanding of OPEC and show its role in the world oil market and industry. The use of the strategic management approach contributes to discover new insights and perspectives of OPEC's behaviour.

This study aims at elaborating the realities of elementary school pupils¡¦ lives in terms of three aspects as follows: schoolbag management, learning attitudes and life management. It also analyses the interrelations among these three variables of cognitions of elementary school students. This study uses Personal Basic Data Form, Schoolbag Management Survey, Learning Attitudes Inventory and Life Management Ability Inventory as instruments. It adopts the statistical programs such as Descriptive-Statistics, t-test, One-Way ANOVA and product-moment correlation to evaluate the inter realationships of elementary school students¡¦ schoolbag management , learning attitudes and life management ability. This study shows the following results BMI average value of elementary school students, the boys¡¦average value is higher than that of girls¡¦. The average sleeping time is more than nine hours for both boys and girls. The transportation of students is mainly by car or scooter. The average weight of school boys¡¦schoolbag is 3.3 kilograms and that 3.2 kilograms for girls. School students of different grades get high scores on schoolbag management, And girls are better than boys on schoolbag management. On the whole, the school students get higher scores in terms of learning attitudes. As for the other aspects, ranked from high to low, are shown as follows: environment attitudes, learning strategies, learning motivation, and class participation. Moreover, the life management can be ranked,from high to low, as law-abiding, clothing management, emotional management, health, social relationship and money management. For the background variations of grade, sleeping hour, vehicle of going to school , BMI, cram school attending and school performance matter little. The schoolbag management, learning attitudes and life management have strong positive relationship.

Ett företags lönsamhet beror till stor del på den kunskap som finns inom organisationen. För att skapa hållbara konkurrensfördelar har därför hantering av kunskap blivit en viktig faktor vid styrning av dagens företag. Den tysta kunskapen är svår för konkurrenter att replikera då den finns inbäddad inom individen och inte kan uttryckas i ord och skrift. Hur den tysta kunskapen delas för att gynna hela organisationen blir därför en nyckelfråga för att skapa konkurrensfördelar. Social interaktion ansikte-mot-ansikte har visat sig vara den viktigaste faktorn vid delning av tyst kunskap varpå vi funnit det intressant att studera hur detta sker på arbetsplatser där de anställda framförallt arbetar på distans från varandra. Vi menar att inom kunskapsintensiva företag där anställda arbetar inom projekt och är utspridda på olika arbetsplatser saknas de naturliga mötesplatserna som tillåter interaktion ansikte-mot-ansikte. Därav har studies syfte varit att finna hinder och möjligheter för delning av tyst kunskap och på så vis bidra med praktiska rekommendationer till ledningen inom kunskapsintensiva företag. Detta är en kvalitativ fallstudie som utförts på ett kunskapsintensivt företag. Det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med personer inom företaget som innehar ledande befattningar samt individer inom deras respektive team. Genom att tolka och analysera det empiriska materialet mot studiens teoretiska referensram har studiens resultat vuxit fram. Slutsatserna visar att tyst kunskap delas genom fysiska sociala interaktioner. Vi har funnit att företagskulturen har en stark påverkan på delningen av den tysta kunskapen då den influerar anställdas öppenhet och vilja att hjälpa varandra. På arbetsplatser där anställda ofta arbetar på distans från varandra blir det ett ledningsansvar att skapa möjligheter till interaktioner. Relationer som skapas genom interaktion mellan kollegor där erfarenheter utbyts är därför en viktig möjliggörare för delning av tyst kunskap.

The scope and place of modern-day changes pose new challenges for the management of people as organisational resources, requiring particular focus on effective leadership. A structural theoretical approach shows that leaders have a strong influence on the organisation’s members’ perception and behaviour through values, views, and assumptions and spirituality of the leader is the one of the organization's culture attributes influencing variables. Knowing the attributes of an organization's culture, shaping business considerations, employees can reveal patterns of behavior. Therefore in an organisation requires a leader who not only has leadership skills, knowledge, and competence, but also demonstrates spirituality and leads the organisation towards a spirituality-based culture. The dissertation analyzes the expression of spiritual leadership in the culture of Lithuanian medium-sized businesses. The disertation raises the following research problem: what business culture is evoked by spiritual leadership. The expression of spiritual leadership in an organisational culture is taken as the object of the empirical research outlined herein, describing it in the organisational culture of medium-sized businesses, with particular focus on the Lithuanian context. Based on the findings of the theoretical part, a research methodology was prepared and the following three empirical studies were carried out: the expression of spiritual intelligence properties, the evaluation of the... [to full text] / Dabartinio laikmečio pokyčių mastai ir tempai kelia naujus iššūkius žmonių, kaip organizacijos išteklių, valdymui, ypatingą dėmesį skiriant efektyviai lyderystei. Pasitelkiant struktūrinę teorinę prieigą nustatyta, kad lyderiai daro didelę įtaką organizacijos individų suvokimui ir elgesiui per vertybes, požiūrius ir prielaidas ir, kad lyderio dvasingumas yra vienas iš organizacijos kultūros bruožus lemiančių kintamųjų. Todėl žmonių dvasiniams ištekliams efektyviai reikštis organizacijoje reikalingas lyderis, turintis ne tik vadovavimui reikalingų įgūdžių, žinių ir kompetencijos, bet ir dvasingumo, vedantis organizaciją į dvasingumu paremtą kultūrą. Disertacijoje nagrinėjama dvasinės lyderystės raiška Lietuvos vidutino dydžio verlo organizacijų kultūroje. Darbe keliamas probleminis klausimas: kaip pasireiškia dvasinė lyderystė verslo organizacijų kultūroje. Dvasinės lyderystės raiška orgnizacijos kultūroje darbe pateikiama empirinio tyrimo objektu, aprašant ją vidutinio dydžio verslo organizacijų kultūroje, fokusuojantis į Lietuvos kontekstą. Remiantis teorinės dalies išvadomis, paruošta tyrimo metodologija ir atlikti trys empiriniai tyrimai: dvasinio intelekto ypatybių raiškos vidutinio dydžio verslo organizacijose, minėto segmento verslo organizacijų aukščiausio lygio vadovų dvasingumo įvertinimo ir dvasingumu paremtos organizacijos kultūros požymių tyrimai. Empiriniam tyrimui darbe pasirinktas mišrus tyrimo dizainas – kiekybinio ir kokybinio tyrimo metodų derinimas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:53:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lena Muniz.pdf: 3829547 bytes, checksum: 73f88659284f29f7f1b6a1261a18ee23 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-02 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / After the 60's the economy relation and environment has become more evident. The scarcity of natural resources given to the irrational exploitation of resources has spurred a rethinking of new standards development and conservation of resources. In the city of Parintins / Am, the French Lagoon, an important depot for the region, is gradually being modified as a result of man's human action. This research was to contribute as support for implementation of environmental valuation studies as well as for the development of environmental public policies necessary for the maintenance of this environmental resource. Surveys were conducted through questionnaires with residents of three main districts bordering the lagoon: French, Chestnut and Santa Rita and also next to the boat owners who use the pond as a port for loading and unloading. The questionnaires contained questions directed to know about the socioeconomic issue and environmental awareness that has sampled over the lagoon. In order to inquire the subject, this dissertation is divided into five chapters. In the first chapter is sought through the introduction to the approach of the proposed theme and present the general and specific objectives and justification of the research. In the second chapter, based on existing studies, we did a review of the theories that show the relationship economy and environment if elencando of the methods used to value environmental resources. In the third chapter describes the methodological procedures and data analysis. In the fourth chapter presents the results and the discussion on the subject based on the environmental perceptions of social actors involved. Finally, as Chapter 5 is the conclusion and recommendation on the subject, especially with regard to the need to implement further research on the topic / Após a década de 60 a relação economia e meio ambiente tornou-se mais evidente. A escassez dos recursos naturais dada à exploração irracional dos recursos tem estimulado o repensar de novos padrões de desenvolvimento e conservação dos recursos. No município de Parintins/Am, a Lagoa da Francesa, importante entreposto para a região, vem sendo gradativamente modificada em consequência da ação antrópica do homem. Essa pesquisa teve objetivo contribuir como subsídio para execução de estudos de valoração ambiental, bem como para o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas ambientais necessárias para a manutenção desse recurso ambiental. Foram realizadas pesquisas através de questionários junto aos moradores de 3 principais bairros banhados pela lagoa: Francesa, Castanheiras e Santa Rita e ainda, junto aos proprietários de embarcações que utilizam a lagoa como porto para embarque e desembarque. Os questionários continham questões direcionadas a saber sobre a questão socioeconômica e a percepção ambiental que os amostrados têm sobre a lagoa. Como forma de inquirir o tema, essa dissertação está dividida em 5 capítulos. No primeiro capítulo busca-se através da introdução fazer a abordagem do tema proposto, bem como apresentar os objetivos geral e específicos e a justificativa da pesquisa. No segundo capítulo, fundamentado por estudos já existentes, se fez uma revisão sobre as teorias que evidenciam a relação economia e meio ambiente, elencando-se os métodos utilizados para valorar recursos ambientais. No terceiro capítulo descrevem-se os Procedimentos metodológicos e a Análise de dados. No quarto capítulo estão apresentados os resultados e a discussão acerca do tema baseada nas percepções ambientais dos atores sociais envolvidos. Por fim, como Capítulo 5, está à conclusão e recomendação sobre o tema, sobretudo no que diz respeito à necessidade de implementação de pesquisas mais aprofundadas sobre o tema

La théorie néo institutionnelle permet de penser les outils de gestion dans la société et dans l'interaction avec les acteurs des organisations. Ce travail montre la complexité des instruments de gestion et les envisage tour à tour comme : des éléments symboliques neutres à l'activité de l'organisation adoptés par souci de légitimité et diffusés par des mécanismes isomorphiques, des objets rhétoriques porteurs de langage et de catégorisations et transformés par les acteurs organisationnels, des artefacts transportant des logiques institutionnelles multiples naissant dans le champ organisationnel. Cette thèse pose l'existence d'un nouveau rôle pour les outils de gestion, celui de régulateur des contradictions entre logiques institutionnelles. Sur le plan empirique, avec une méthodologie qualitative mêlant approches longitudinales multi niveaux et recherche intervention, les logiques institutionnelles du champ de la finance solidaire en France et de deux organisations de capital-risque solidaire sont analysées. Les outils de gestion de ces deux organisations sont étudiés. Les outils créés avec le chercheur, les pactes d'actionnaires et les chartes, véhiculent les logiques institutionnelles des fonds. Le changement des pactes d'actionnaire et les comités d'investissement permettent de révéler que les outils de gestion gèrent les tensions entre logiques institutionnelle en les éliminant, les compartimentant ou les intégrant. Les résultats de cette étude permettent de discuter le degré d'incompatibilité entre les logiques en fonction de leur perméabilité, des métiers représentés dans les organisations et des pratiques considérées. Ils autorisent également une formalisation des liens entre outils de gestion et logiques institutionnelles ainsi qu'entre logiques institutionnelles présentes dans l'organisation et rôle des outils de gestion. Enfin, un process socio technique d'hybridation de logiques institutionnelles est proposé. / Institutional theory describes management artifacts as embedded in the society and in interactions with organizational actors. This work is aiming to grasp the complexity of management apparatus and analyzes it as: first, symbolical element neutral for the organizational activity, adopted for legitimacy and diffused by isomorphic mechanisms; then, rhetorical objects generating languages and categorizations, transformed by actors; finally, as artifacts carrying multiple institutional logics. This thesis postulates that management artifacts can also regulate contradictions between institutional logics. A qualitative methodology combining longitudinal multi-level approaches and research action, is revealing the institutional logics of the organizational field of interdependent finance and of two interdependent venture capital funds. The management apparatus of these funds is studied. New management tools created during the research action, charters and shareholders' agreements are carrying venture organizations' institutional logics. A change in a shareholders' agreement and the management system of the investment decision-making process in a venture fund, named investment committees, divulge that management apparatus handle tensions between institutional logics by eliminating one of them, compartmenting or integrating them. The results of this study acknowledge different degrees in the contradictions between institutional logics related to their permeability, the professions represented in the organization, the practices looked at. They contribute also to formalize links between management artifacts and institutional logics. We lastly propose a model combining two processes that explicate how multiple logics can blend and how tensions can be handled.

Tyrimo objektas-– pirkėjų skolų valdymas smulkaus verslo įmonėje. Tyrimo tikslas – atlikus pirkėjų skolų valdymo tiriamoje įmonėje analizę, sudaryti pirkėjų skolų valdymo modelį ir jį praktiškai pritaikyti. Uždaviniai : 1. Atlikti pirkėjų skolų valdymo UAB „Raimeda“ analizę ir identifikuoti pirkėjų skolų valdymo problemas. 2. Išanalizavus ir apibendrinus ankstesnius mokslinius tyrimus, sudaryti pirkėjų skolų valdymo modelį. 3. Sudarytą pirkėjų skolų valdymo modelį pritaikyti tiriamoje įmonėje“. Tyrimo metodai. Šio darbo rašymo metu buvo naudojami analizės ir sintezės, santykinių rodiklių skaičiavimo, palyginimo, finansinių rodiklių horizontalios bei vertikalios analizės metodai. Taip pat buvo naudojamasi prekinio kreditavimo valdymo klausimais užsienio bei lietuvių autorių parengtais straipsniais, informaciniais leidiniais bei internetinėse svetainėse surasta informacija. Tyrimo rezultatai • pirmojoje darbo dalyje išnagrinėta tiriamos įmonės finansinė padėtis bei pirkėjų skolų valdymo problemos. • antrojoje darbo dalyje išanalizuoti ir apibendrinti moksliniai tyrimai bei sudarytas pirkėjų skolų valdymo modelis. • trečiojoje darbo dalyje pasiūlytas pirkėjų skolų valdymo modelis testuotas tiriamos įmonės sąlygomis. Sukurtas pirkėjų skolų valdymo modelis detaliai nurodė pirkėjų patikimumo, jų reitingavimo bei prekinio kreditavimo sąlygų nustatymo kriterijus, pradelstų skolų išieškojimo metodus. / Research object - buyers' debt management in small business company. Research aim - to analyze buyers' debt management problems of target company, to create buyers' debt management model and test it in this company. Objectives : 1. to analyze methods of buyers' debt management in JCS "Raimeda" and identify the buyers' debt management problems in this company; 2. to create buyers' debt management model; 3. to implement the created buyers' debt management model in the target company. Research methods: analysis and synthesis, relative ratio calculations, comparison, horizontal and vertical analysis. Research results: • The company's financial position and buyers' debt management problems are analyzed in the first part of the work. • The second part, after analyzing and summarizing the previous research, presents the buyers' debt management model. • The third part presents results of the proposed buyers' debt management model implementation and testing in the target company. The buyers' debt management model shows detailed buyers' reliability, their rating and credit terms criteria, overdue debt recovery practices for small businesses company.

長久以來，管理與組織學家，就一直在探討影響組織效果的因素。本研究係基於人格 心理學及比較管理學的觀點，來探討影響企業組織效果差異的可能原因。本論文的主 要假設認為一、企業主持人的人格變項、冒險性、內外控、成就需求可能是組織效果 的重要因素；而這些人格變項，在不同的變動環境下，所影響的組織效果也必然不同 。二、主持人人格變項與組織結構之間，沒什麼顯著的關係，組織結構可能是企業為 應付內外環境之變動而隨時修正的一種管理制度。三、組織結構與組織效果之間的關 係，也會隨不合的環境而異，即在高變動環境下，組織結構與組織效果成正關係；反 之在低變動環境下，組織結構與組織效果組織效果成負關係。 就本研究所得之資料、經分析後，得有下列主要的結果： 一、在一般環境下，主持人之人格變項、冒險性、內外控、及成就需求與組織效果之 間，經統計檢定後，發現確具顯著的正關係。 二、在不同的變動環境下，主持人之人格變項與組織效果之間的關係，碓實也有顯著 的不同，在高度變動環境，內控的主持人比外控的主持人有顯著較佳的組織效果，在 低變動環境，也得相同的結論。但不如在高變動環境下，那樣的顯著。在低變動環境 下，高成就需求的主持人比低成就需求的主持有顯著較佳的組織效果；但在高變動環 境下，就沒有那麼顯著了。就冒險性而言，在高變動環境下，較保守的企業主持人比 冒險性高的主持人，有顯著較佳的組織效果，不過在低變動環境，高冒險的就不一定 比保守的有較佳的組織效果。 三、主持人之人格變項與組織結構之間，並沒有顯著的關係。那麼組織結構是否為一 般管理與組織理論所稱與環境變動有關﹖有待進一步的分析。 四、在不同的變動環境下，組織結構與組織效果之間的關係，只有在低變動環境下， 低結構與員工一般工作滿足成正關係的假設獲得支持向己，其他大部份並沒有獲得支 持。因此組織結構對組織效果而言，並不重要，最重要的可能是決定如何執行組織結 構的主持人之人格變項。換言之，組織結構僅是一種制度而已，決定制度如何運作的 主持人，才是決定組織效果好壞的主要因素。 /