Habilitationsschrift--Universität Heidelberg, 1984. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 365-389).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1945. / Vita. Bibliographical references included in "Notes and references" (p. 180-207) Bibliography: p. 209-254.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1945. / Vita. Bibliographical references included in "Notes and references" (p. 180-207) Bibliography: p. 209-254.

Habilitationsschrift--Universität Heidelberg, 1984. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 365-389).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1925. / At head of title: Helen B. Smith. Thesis note stamped on t.p. Bibliography: p. [127]-131.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1925. / At head of title: Helen B. Smith. Thesis note stamped on t.p. Bibliography: p. [127]-131.

O presente estudo comparativo buscou traçar os rastros de semelhança na escrita literária do escritor brasileiro Lima Barreto (1881-1922) e do francês Anatole France (1844-1924). A despeito de eventuais diferenças, o que se observou foi um trajeto semelhante no conjunto das duas obras, ancorado numa visão de mundo compartilhada e essencialmente humanista. Neste trajeto, partiu-se da presença de um novo tipo de herói, o herói intelectual, em grande parte o elemento responsável pelo tom reflexivo e digressivo dos romances e pela redução da esfera da ação nas obras. Nos romances Recordações do Escrivão Isaías Caminha, de 1909, La Rôtisserie de la Reine Pédauque e Les Opinions de M. Jérôme Coignard, de 1893, além da configuração de uma escrita colada aos acontecimentos políticos, sociais e culturais da Belle Époque, observou-se um processo de caricaturização que acompanha a obra de ambos e surge como ponto de partida para o estudo das sátiras Os Bruzundangas, publicado postumamente em 1923, e LÎle des Pingouins, de 1908. Em meio a este traçado de caricaturização nos romances, observamos ainda a semelhança na trajetória peripatética dos personagens de Jérôme Coignard e Gonzaga de Sá, cujo itinerário se mescla às transformações pelas quais as cidades do Rio de Janeiro e Paris passam. De forma geral, encontramos nos romances de Lima Barreto e Anatole France uma ironia de aspecto moral e salvacionista que vai, no decurso de alguns romances, colocando em questão a viabilidade deste gênero tão volátil. Diante da intenção corretiva do satirista, o narrador romanesco cede espaço ao modo de imaginação satírica. E no caminho do narrador ao satirista, o herói intelectual vai também perdendo espaço em prol da função última da sátira, de correção de um mundo injusto. / This comparative study aims to delineate similarity traces between the literary writings of the Brazilian author Lima Barreto (1881-1922) and the French writer Anatole France (1844-1924). Despite eventual variations, we noted a similar path in their works, anchored in a shared worldview, substantially humanist. To trace this path, we departed from the presence of a new kind of hero, the intellectual hero, which bestows a reflexive and digressive tone to their novels, minimizing the plot. In the novels Recordações do Escrivão Isaías Caminha, from 1909, La Rôtisserie de la Reine Pédauque e Les Opinions de M. Jérôme Coignard, both from 1893, besides setting up a sort of writing attached to the political, social and cultural events of the Belle Époque, we observed a caricaturing process that follows both literary works. This process emerges as the base line to the study of their satire: Lima Barretos Os Bruzundangas, published posthumously in 1923, and Anatole Frances LÎle des Pingouins, from 1908. Along this caricatural process, we also found another similarity, concerning the trajectory of the peripatetic characters of Jérôme Coignard and Gonzaga de Sá. Their itinerary is mixed with their cities, Rio de Janeiro e Paris, both in remaking processes. Generally speaking, we discovered in Lima Barreto and Anatole Frances novels a kind of moral and rescuer irony that, during some of their novels, questions the feasability of this changeable literary genre. Against the corrective intention of the satirist, the novel storyteller gives way to the satiric mode of imagination. And in the path from the storyteller to the satirist, the intellectual hero also loses his significance to the ultimate function of satire, the correction of an unfair world.

O presente estudo comparativo buscou traçar os rastros de semelhança na escrita literária do escritor brasileiro Lima Barreto (1881-1922) e do francês Anatole France (1844-1924). A despeito de eventuais diferenças, o que se observou foi um trajeto semelhante no conjunto das duas obras, ancorado numa visão de mundo compartilhada e essencialmente humanista. Neste trajeto, partiu-se da presença de um novo tipo de herói, o herói intelectual, em grande parte o elemento responsável pelo tom reflexivo e digressivo dos romances e pela redução da esfera da ação nas obras. Nos romances Recordações do Escrivão Isaías Caminha, de 1909, La Rôtisserie de la Reine Pédauque e Les Opinions de M. Jérôme Coignard, de 1893, além da configuração de uma escrita colada aos acontecimentos políticos, sociais e culturais da Belle Époque, observou-se um processo de caricaturização que acompanha a obra de ambos e surge como ponto de partida para o estudo das sátiras Os Bruzundangas, publicado postumamente em 1923, e LÎle des Pingouins, de 1908. Em meio a este traçado de caricaturização nos romances, observamos ainda a semelhança na trajetória peripatética dos personagens de Jérôme Coignard e Gonzaga de Sá, cujo itinerário se mescla às transformações pelas quais as cidades do Rio de Janeiro e Paris passam. De forma geral, encontramos nos romances de Lima Barreto e Anatole France uma ironia de aspecto moral e salvacionista que vai, no decurso de alguns romances, colocando em questão a viabilidade deste gênero tão volátil. Diante da intenção corretiva do satirista, o narrador romanesco cede espaço ao modo de imaginação satírica. E no caminho do narrador ao satirista, o herói intelectual vai também perdendo espaço em prol da função última da sátira, de correção de um mundo injusto. / This comparative study aims to delineate similarity traces between the literary writings of the Brazilian author Lima Barreto (1881-1922) and the French writer Anatole France (1844-1924). Despite eventual variations, we noted a similar path in their works, anchored in a shared worldview, substantially humanist. To trace this path, we departed from the presence of a new kind of hero, the intellectual hero, which bestows a reflexive and digressive tone to their novels, minimizing the plot. In the novels Recordações do Escrivão Isaías Caminha, from 1909, La Rôtisserie de la Reine Pédauque e Les Opinions de M. Jérôme Coignard, both from 1893, besides setting up a sort of writing attached to the political, social and cultural events of the Belle Époque, we observed a caricaturing process that follows both literary works. This process emerges as the base line to the study of their satire: Lima Barretos Os Bruzundangas, published posthumously in 1923, and Anatole Frances LÎle des Pingouins, from 1908. Along this caricatural process, we also found another similarity, concerning the trajectory of the peripatetic characters of Jérôme Coignard and Gonzaga de Sá. Their itinerary is mixed with their cities, Rio de Janeiro e Paris, both in remaking processes. Generally speaking, we discovered in Lima Barreto and Anatole Frances novels a kind of moral and rescuer irony that, during some of their novels, questions the feasability of this changeable literary genre. Against the corrective intention of the satirist, the novel storyteller gives way to the satiric mode of imagination. And in the path from the storyteller to the satirist, the intellectual hero also loses his significance to the ultimate function of satire, the correction of an unfair world.

Alors qu’Anatole France (1844–1924) est considéré comme écrivain sceptique et ironique, un de ses contes intitulé « Le Jongleur de Notre-Dame » échappe à une telle définition. Le ton pieux et sincère de ce conte, fondé sur une légende du Moyen Âge, semble aller à l’encontre du scepticisme, de l’anticléricalisme, et du classicisme déclarés de l’auteur. Au lieu de tenir pour exceptionnels ce type de textes qui mettent en scène une forme de « pureté » dans un sens religieux, tenter de les intégrer dans l’œuvre d’A. France permettra de découvrir une nouvelle facette de l’écrivain, et d’appréhender son idée et son œuvre dans une complexité et une profondeur qui sont cachées sous une apparence simple. Dans un premier temps, on mettra en relation les thèmes médiévaux chez A. France et la mode du médiévisme au XIXe siècle, tant dans le domaine scientifique que dans le courant littéraire, afin d’éclairer l’influence de son époque sur son image médiévale, et la signification de cette image. Dans un deuxième temps, on traitera de la pratique de la réécriture. Par une comparaison, d’une part, entre les textes d’A. France et leurs hypotextes, et d’autre part, entre la réécriture francienne et la réécriture chez les écrivains contemporains, on précisera les caractéristiques et les procédés de la réécriture de notre écrivain. En outre, on montrera que la mise en cadre, ainsi que la réécriture, s’impose dans ses textes, soulignant ainsi la modestie de l’auteur, et la diminution de l’autorité auctoriale. Toutes ces analyses révèleront l’importance de la « simplicité » qui apparaît à plusieurs niveaux dans les textes franciens, et qui peut donner accès à une « pureté » harmonieuse. / While Anatole France (1844–1924) is considered a skeptical, ironic writer, one of his short stories, entitled “Le Jongleur de Notre-Dame” can not easily be reduced to such a reading. Instead, it is a pious and sincere story based on a legend from the Middle Ages – a perspective contradictory to his skepticism, anticlericalism, and classicism. Rather than counting as exceptional cases texts like this that portray “purity” in a religious sense, an attempt to integrate them into the overall view of the works of A. France will enable us to discover a new side to the writer and apprehend his ideas and his works in a complexity and depth that are hidden under simple surface appearances. As a first step, we connect the medieval themes of A. France with the medievalist movement of the 19th century, seen in both historical study and literature, in order to clarify the influence of his times on his image of the Middle Ages, and the meaning of that image. As a second step, we consider the practice of rewriting. By comparing the texts of A. France with their sources, and comparing rewriting of those sources by A. France with rewriting of similar sources by his contemporaries, we identify A. France’s method of rewriting and the characteristics of the product. In addition, we find that the use of “frame story” narration is as necessary as rewriting in the texts of A. France, serving to accentuate the modesty of the author and as a result affecting a decrease in authorial authority. All these analyses reveal the importance of the “simplicity” that appears at several levels in the texts of A. France, and which can give access to the harmonious “purity”.

Les recherches portent sur Anatole France, Henri de Régnier et René Boylesve, auteurs souvent jugés passéistes et anachroniques par la postérité. Au croisement de deux disciplines, les études littéraires et linguistiques, je me propose d'interroger la curieuse et paradoxale démarches d'auteurs qui, en pleine modernité, ont délibérément continué d'entretenir des liens avec le classicisme - avec toute la plasticité que recèle la notion -, un classicisme dont ils adaptent d'ailleurs la formule (et qui n'est ni celui de Paul Valéry, ni celui de la NRF, ni celui des maurrassiens) .Un questionnement sur le classicisme, la modernité, la contemporanéité, l'héritage, la transmission et la postérité sous-tend donc ces travaux. Au XXe siècle qui s’ouvrait sur les avant-gardes, miser sur le classicisme pour lutter contre « l’obsolescence programmée » de la littérature était sans doute une erreur d’appréciation à moyen terme. Mais avec un siècle de recul, il semble que notre relation aux avant-gardes soit en train de changer, qu’une certaine valeur patrimoniale du classicisme résiste aux sirènes tapageuses de la nouveauté absolue, et qu’il existe un espace original de création pour des écrivains qui se veulent aussi des passeurs. / My research deal with the work of Anatole France, Henri de Régnier and René Boylesve, oftenly described as passeist. Using both linguistic and literary viewpoints, I tackle the curious paradox unifying these authors who, during the Belle Epoque, declared themselves classicists. A questionning on concepts such as modernity, contemporaneity and legacy underlies this project.