Orientador: Ticiano Jose Saraiva dos Santos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T08:34:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LipaSalas_VictorRaul_M.pdf: 17006979 bytes, checksum: 16167c41fcd332d58cc142fd38f2bc4b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Este trabalho objetiva determinar o comportamento estrutural, assim como as características petrográficas, metamórfica e idade do Plúton Abancay. A área de estudo abrange aproximadamente 280 km2 e está localizada na parte central da Cordilheira Ocidental dos Andes Peruanos, Província de Abancay, sul do Perú. Geologicamente a área situa-se no extremo sul da zona denominada 'Deflexão de Abancay'. Esta deflexão representa uma zona transcorrente que marca o limite norte da zona vulcânica no Perú, o limite de exposição do embasamento Neoproterozóico e a extensão continental da dorsal de Nazca. A região de Abancay é composta por seqüências sedimentareas datadas do Carbonífero Inferior ao Quaternário. Rochas plutônicas de composição entre tonalitos, monzonitos, quartzo dioritos e granodioritos do Eoceno a Oligoceno Superior (48 a 32 Ma) são correspondentes ao Batólito de Abancay. Neste batólito tem-se um plúton com feições texturais próprias que foi chamado 'Plúton Abancay'. A análise descritiva e cinemática da deformação definiu para o Plúton Abancay, com base em elementos estruturais, dois domínios estruturais. Um definido como zona deformada (ZD), situado na porção norte do plúton e outro como zona pouco deformada (ZPD), na parte sul do corpo. A análise petrográfica identificou rochas metamórficas (ortognaisses anfibolíticos e quartzo-feldspáticos) que foram submetidas a mais de uma fase de deformação, assim como rochas ígneas. Há uma gradação deformacional entre as rochas ígneas e metamórficas. As microtexturas predominantes são granonematoblásticas, nematogranoblásticas e lepidoblásticas nas rochas da zona deformada ZD e da ZPD, apresentam textura alotriomórfica e granular alotriomórfica principalmente. Datações geocronológicas pelo método U-Pb em zircão e Sm-Nd rocha total no Plúton Abancay forneceram a idade de cristalização do corpo entre 216 ± 1,3 e 224 ± 0,92 Ma. Análise pelo método Sm-Nd apresenta idades modelos em um intervalo de 789; 864-891 e 989-1020 Ma. Determinando uma diferenciação manto-crosta entre o Mesoproterozóico e o Neoproterozóico para o Plúton Abancay. Com os novos dados geocronológicos fez-se um quadro da evolução tectono-magmática do plúton e seu relacionamento com as rochas encaixantes na área de estudo / Abstract: This work aims to determine the structural framework, the petrography, metamorphism and age of the Abancay Pluton. The study area is 280 km2 approximately and is located at the Central portion of the Occidental Cordillera of the Peruvian Andes, Abancay Province, southern Peru. Geologically this area is located at the southern most of the ¿Abancay Deflection¿. This deflection represents a transcurrent zone highlighting the northern border of the volcanic zone of Peru, the Neoproterozoic basement limit and the Nazca continental dorsal extension. The Abancay region is formed by sedimentary sequences from Lower Carboniferous to Quaternary, plutonic rocks like tonalite, monzonite, quartz diorite and granodiorite are from Eocene to later Oligocene (32-48 My) and correspond to the Abancay Batolith. Inside this batolith we can find a pluton whit textural feature, which was called ¿Pluton Abancay¿. The descriptive and kinematics analysis of deformation defined two structural domains to the Abancay pluton: i) the deformed zone (DZ), located at the northern portion of the pluton, and ii) lower deformed zone (LDZ), at the southern portion of the body. The spectrographic descriptions identify metamorphic rocks (amphibolite and quartz feldspathic orthogneiss) that were submitted to more than one deformation facies. We can find a gradational deformation between the igneous rocks to the methamorphic ones. The predominant microtextures at the DZ are granonematoblastic, nematoblastic, and lepidoblastic and at the LDZ are allotriomorphic to granular allotriomorphic textures. The U-Pb (zircon) geochronology data and Sm-Nd (whole rock) at the Abancay pluton get a crystallization age between 216 ± 1,3 to 224 ± 0,92 My. The Sm-Nd model age is between 789, 864-891 and 989-1020 My, that means a mantle-crust differentiation between Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic to the Abancay Pluton. With a new geochronologic data we got a tectonomagmatic evolution chart and its relations to hosted rocks at the study area / Mestrado / Metalogenese / Mestre em Geociências

Face à une marginalisation historique, les paysanneries andines ont développé diverses stratégies d’adaptation et de résistance, les nouveaux circuits alimentaires de proximité (CIALP) en constituant une forme récente. Ces derniers interrogent sur de nouvelles relations entre les paysans et les marchés, la société et les territoires. Ils émergent dans de nouveaux contextes sociopolitiques dans lesquels sont mis à l’agenda la souveraineté alimentaire, l’agriculture paysanne, l’économie solidaire et l’agroécologie, et s’inscrivent dans de nouvelles dynamiques socio-spatiales associant des paysans et une diversité d’autres acteurs. La thèse défendue est celle d’une contribution des CIALP à la reconnaissance des paysanneries andines. À travers une approche géographique, en mobilisant des sources et des données de terrain nombreuses et diverses, nous analysons, d’une part, les paysanneries, les sociétés andines et les CIALP dans leur environnement global et à l’échelle du temps long, et, d’autre part, les trajectoires d’émergence et de développement des CIALP sur la base études de cas dans trois territoires en Équateur, au Pérou et en Bolivie. En analysant les dynamiques d’activation et de construction de proximités géographiques et socio-économiques, nous montrons par quels processus les CIALP contribuent à la requalification positive du rôle et de la place des paysanneries dans l’espace et la société. Les paysans sont reconnus progressivement, par eux-mêmes, par la société et par les pouvoirs publics, comme des acteurs de systèmes alimentaires territorialisés et durables, et / Faced with historical marginalization, Andean peasantries have developed various adaptation and resistance strategies, recently including new local food systems (LFS). These LFS raise questions about new relations between peasants and markets, society and territories. They are developed in new sociopolitical contexts that now take into account concerns like food sovereignty, peasant agriculture, solidarity economy and agroecology, and they are part of new socio-spatial dynamics associating peasants with a diversity of stakeholders. We argue that these LFS contribute to recognition of Andean peasantries. Based on a geographical approach, we mobilize and cross-check various and numerous sources (scientific and grey literature) and field data (comprehensive interviews, ethnographic observations, written and audiovisual records, Internet social networks), first to analyze peasantries, Andean society and LFS in their global context and over the long-time scale, and second to study emergenceAndean territories in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. By analyzing the activation and construction of geographical (spatial), and socio-economic (cognitive, material, relational and mediation) proximities between peasants and other stakeholders, we identify the processes along the LFS trajectories contributing to positive reevaluation of the role and of the position of peasantries in Andean society and space. Peasants are being gradually recognized by themselves, by society and by public authorities, as key actors of sustainable and territorialized food systems, and as mediators of new proximitie

Ce travail de thèse est centré sur l'analyse des compositions isotopiques de la glace (d18O et dD) de deux nouvelles carottes de glace longues provenant des régions subtropicale et tempérée des Andes. La première carotte, longue de 42m, a été extraite en 2003 au col du glacier Coropuna au Pérou (72°39'W, 15°32'S, 6425m) et la deuxième de 122m au sommet du glacier San Valentin au Chili (46°35'S, 73°19'W, 4032m) en 2007. L'étude a porté sur la représentativité du signal isotopique comme archive du climat sur le dernier siècle, correspondant à la totalité de la carotte du Coropuna et les 70 premiers mètres au San Valentin, dans deux régions climatiques différentes. Nous avons observé que les enregistrements des signaux isotopiques sont affectés par des processus de post-dépôt. Au col du Coropuna, le signal est lissé par homogénéisation en dessous de 3m de profondeur à cause de la percolation d'eau de fonte et de la diffusion isotopique via un flux de vapeur, et aucune interprétation climatique n'est possible à partir du signal isotopique. Au so mmet du San Valentin, les vents forts, présents toute l'année, érodent et/ou redistribuent la majorité des précipitations annuelles en créant certainement des hiatus sur une voire plusieurs années ou, au contraire, des dépôts exceptionnels de plusieurs mètres. Ces conditions rendent l'identification des cycles isotopiques annuels difficile et aucune relation entre les isotopes et les paramètres climatiques n'a pu être établie due à une datation très incertaine. / This work is focused on the analyses of two new isotopic records (d18O and dD) from Andean ice cores in the subtropics and temperate latitudes. The first 42 m-long ice core was extracted in 2003 from the saddle of Coropuna glacier in Peru (72°39'W, 15°32'S, 6425 m), and the second 122 m-long core in 2007 from the San Valentin summit in Chile (46°35'S, 73°19'W, 4032 m). The isotopic signals were investigated for their suitability as climate archives over the last century, covering the 42 m-long ice core from Coropuna and the first 70 meters of the core from San Valentin, in two different climatic regions. We observed that the isotopic records are affected by post-depositional processes. At the saddle of Coropuna, isotopic homogenization occurs below 3 m as a result of meltwater percolation and isotopic diffusion, and thus the climatic interpretation is not possible. At the San Valentin summit, removal and/or re-deposition of snow by strong winds occurring throughout the year may create a lack of one or more annual snow layers or, on the other hand, may cause unexpected deposits of several meters. Due to these potential conditions, we cannot always identify the annual isotopic cycles and the isotopes histories show no significant correlation with the climatic parameters because of an uncertain dating.

Since the 1980s, "traditional" music of the Andes has become familiar to Vancouver audiences, as well as to those in urban centres throughout North America, Europe, Australia and Japan. This thesis explores the performance and presentation of Andean music in Vancouver, as an example of music making in transcultural displacement. Profiles of three musicians are presented, based on data compiled through formal interviews with musicians, observation of performance events, and research of promotional materials produced by Andean musical groups. All three are part of the Latin American immigrant "community" of Vancouver, and all have many years experience performing what they identify as Andean folkloric music. Their backgrounds, however, are diverse, as are the styles of music they currently perform. There are differences, also, in how their music relates to the construction and presentation of their ethnic identities in Canada. Central to this study is the issue of how musicians in a transcultural setting consider the notion of authenticity in maintaining musical traditions. The relation of a musical tradition to musicians' sense of identity, and how it may change over time, is also examined. This study demonstrates that in order to understand how and why a musical tradition changes through the process of globalization, we must examine the dynamics among musicians sharing that tradition, and the complex cultural and social networks in which each is embedded. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate

Morro 1-5 (Arica). Mummies and Complex Societies in South Central AndesThe comparative study of a series of 17 mummies from the Morro 1-5 site in Arica, Chile, is used to discuss the adaptation of the Chinchorro culture of the Archaic period in the South Central Andes. Issues related to the origin and distribution of cultural traits such as artificial mummification and its tipology of forms, as well as biological aspects such as craniometric and epigenetic traits, are íntegrated in the presentation of one of the oldest, most efficient and complex adaptations to the fragile environment of the desertic coast of the South Central Andes. / A partir del estudio comparativo de una serie de 17 momias del sitio Morro 1-5 de Arica, Chile, se discute la adaptación de la cultura Chinchorro del Periodo Arcaico en los Andes Sur Centrales. Aspectos referentes al origen y la distribución de rasgos culturales como el uso de la momificación artificial y su tipología de formas, y biológicos como rasgos epigenéticos y craniométricos, se integran a la presentación de uno de los procesos más antiguos, eficientes y complejos en uno de los ambientes más frágiles del desierto costeño de los Andes Sur Centrales.

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La presente investigación diacrónica se ocupa de las formas de tratamiento alocutivo del español en la publicidad de prensa de Mendoza, Argentina, entre los años 1885 y 2014. Dado que la publicidad se presenta como un fenómeno de por sí íntimamente ligado a los modos de ser, estar y pensar en una sociedad, explorar cómo se emplea el tratamiento en este género sirve para arrojar luz sobre las pautas de uso en un momento dado y los cambios que se han ido produciendo en el tiempo. Nuestro objetivo ha sido, entonces, trazar un panorama histórico del tratamiento alocutivo en la zona a partir de su uso en anuncios de prensa. Para esto, exploramos la presencia del tratamiento, su codificación lingüística, y su relación con el rubro, el destinatario y el emisor, valiéndonos de un corpus de 750 avisos publicitarios extraídos del diario Los Andes de Mendoza. El corpus abarca 130 años, desde los primeros años de existencia del periódico y hasta la actualidad, divididos y analizados en tres periodos: 1885-1889, 1950-1954, 2010-2014. Los resultados corroboran que las pautas y los cambios de uso son consistentes con lo que rige para el género publicitario, pero también con el contexto social de cada época así como con los cambios sociohistóricos que van modificando el modo de ver y dirigirse al otro, y que dan cuenta de una consolidación y aceptación progresiva hacia la variedad propia, también en la lengua escrita.

(anglicky): The Peruvian author Mario Vargas Llosa (*1936) enjoys a high level of popularity in the Czech Republic. This is demonstrated by the number of translators, who focused on his work. A few of the translators translated more than one of his works (Vladimír Medek, Jana Novotná, Anežka Charvátová), however, most of them only translated one of his books, such as Alena Šimková (Death in the Andes) or Petr Zavadil (The Feast of the Goat). The first part of this thesis offers an exhaustive overview of the author's works, which have been translated into the Czech language, as well as an evaluation of the ways Czech readers got familiarized with his works and how their interest developed. In the next part, the thesis focuses on a specific translation of Death in the Andes by Alena Šimková. The commentary is based on a translatological analysis of the work with a focus on comparative analysis of the original and the translation; we will further try to determine whether the translator based her work on an existing English translation, and whether and how she follows up on previous translations of Vargas Llosa's works, with a focus on recurring characters and motives. In the conclusion of the thesis, we will attempt to map out the changes to the publishing market in the Czech Republic after 1989.

Perú, Colombia, Ecuador y Bolivia comparten desafíos similares frente al Cambio Climático y cuentan con un organismo regional que trabaja temas medio ambientales: la Comunidad Andina. Sin embargo, no articulan estrategias conjuntas en los espacios de negociación internacional. Esta Investigación busca responder a la pregunta:¿Por qué no participa la Comunidad Andina en la Conferencia de las Partes dentro de la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático entre los años 2007 y 2012? La tesis se divide en tres niveles y utiliza una metodología basada en las herramientas teóricas del neo funcionalismo y el constructivismo. Primero evalúa el grado de participación de la CAN en la Conferencia de las Partes (COP). En segundo lugar, se compara la integración entre los países miembros de la CAN en la agenda medioambiental con la agenda económica y política. Para ello utilizamos herramientas teóricas provenientes del neo funcionalismo, evaluando el aspecto infraestructural. En tercer lugar, utilizamos elementos del constructivismo para analizar los discursos y narrativas que influyen en la toma de decisiones políticas y de cooperación, haciendo una recolección de las declaraciones más importantes en la materia y generando un perfil de las identidades de los diferentes países miembros. Los resultados principales de la investigación son que a pesar que la CAN tiene cómo uno de sus ejes temáticos la conservación medio ambiental, ese mecanismo no es parte de las negociaciones de la COP, en contraste con otros organismos de cooperación regionales y grupos de trabajo. Esto se debe a que los niveles de integración son muy bajos a nivel estructural, ello favorece los temas políticos y económicos, relegando la mitigación contra el Cambio Climático. Además, las identidades de los países, se han prefigurado a traves de elementos discursivos opuestos dividiendo a los países miembros en dos ejes: Perú y Colombia por un lado y Ecuador y Bolivia en otro extremo. Es por ello que hay divergencias dentro de la región andina y no se logra generar una estrategia de cooperación y un marco común dentro de las negociaciones frente a la emergencia global y al interior de la COP.

Subduction zones, such as the Andean convergent margin, are the sites at which new continental crust is generated, and where subducting material is either recycled to the crust via arc magmatism or transferred to the deep mantle. The composition of arc magmas and associated new continental crust reflects variable contributions from mantle, crustal and subducted reservoirs. Insights into crustal growth and recycling processes in the southern Central Andes, specifically in the Pampean flat-slab segment, have been gained by utilising a range of petrological, geochronological and geochemical techniques. These techniques have been applied to a suite of Late Cretaceous (~73 Ma) to Late Miocene (~6 Ma) intrusive (granitoids) and extrusive (basalts to rhyolites) arc rocks collected from an east - west transect across the Andean Cordillera. The oxygen and hafnium isotopic composition of the accessory mineral zircon allows mantle-derived melts contaminated with older, upper continental crustal to be identified. Boron isotopic compositions of melt inclusions, combined with concentrations of certain incompatible trace elements, can be used to assess the source and influence of fluids derived from subducting material on the melt source region. The southern Central Andes provides a particularly interesting area to study these processes as the thickness of the continental crust has increased significantly over the course of the Cenozoic (from ~35 km to >50 km) and the angle of the subducting Nazca plate has shallowed since ~18 Ma, causing the position of the volcanic arc to migrate to the east. In order to unravel the complexities involved with constraining the contributions to arc magmas at an active continental margin, a range of geochronological, geochemical, and geothermobarometric techniques, including high resolution, micro-analysis of mineral phases and melt inclusions, have been applied. High resolution, U-Pb dating of magmatic zircon has improved regional stratigraphy in the Pampean flat-slab segment (between ~29 and 32 °S) and provided an accurate temporal constraint for geochemical and geothermobarometric data. The results of in-situ O and Lu-Hf isotope analysis of zircon show both distinct temporal and spatial variations across the Andean arc. The observed isotopic variability is attributed to variable contamination of mantle-derived melts with distinct Andean basement terranes, which vary east – west in composition and age. ‘Mantle-like’ δ18O(zircon) values, juvenile initial ƐHf(zircon) values and a lack of inherited, xenocrystic zircon cores, suggests the Late Cretaceous (~73 Ma) to Eocene (~39 Ma) plutons located in the Principal Cordillera of Chile, experienced very little interaction with the upper continental crust. Amphibole – plagioclase geothermobarometry indicates these calc-alkaline granitoids, which form extensive north – south trending belts, were emplaced at shallow depths in the crust (~4 – 5 km). Therefore the Late Cretaceous to Late Eocene is interpreted as a period of significant upper crustal growth. The isotopic variability in the Late Oligocene (~26 Ma) to Late Miocene (~6 Ma) arc magmatic rocks demonstrates that during thickening of the continental crust and migration of the Andean arc to the east, arc magmas assimilated Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic basement. In addition, arc magmas erupted/emplaced in the Argentinean Precordillera (i.e. farthest east from the trench) assimilated a Grenville-aged (~ 1330 – 1030 Ma) basement. The youngest arc magmas (~6 Ma) erupted in the Frontal Cordillera also show evidence for the assimilation of this ancient basement terrane, potentially signalling under-thrusting beneath the Frontal Cordillera. Overall, the later part of the Cenozoic represents a period of crustal reworking. Boron concentrations and isotope ratios measured in pyroxene hosted melt inclusions and for the first time in zircon hosted melt inclusions, are higher than the values expected for the mantle wedge and show significant variations with time. The source of the Paleocene (~61 Ma) arc magmas were influenced by fluids primarily derived from altered oceanic crust. Lower δ11B values and boron concentrations obtained for Oligocene (25 – 23 Ma) arc magmatic rocks reflects a diminished influence of slab-derived fluids reflecting a greater depth to the top of the slab. Fluids derived from serpentinite influenced the source of the arc magmas after ~19.5 Ma. This has been linked with the intersection of the Juan Fernández Ridge, a volcanic seamount chain associated with hydrated and serpentinised oceanic lithosphere.