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This thesis deals with the economic analysis of the costs of abandoned animals. It focuses on the costs of shelters in the South Bohemian Region. The work alludes to changes in legislation and innovations in it. The main objective of this work was to determine what costs are associated with caring for abandoned animals. Cost compa-rison of selected shelters regard to the structure and size of the city for which it was built shelter. Also take into account the number of dogs who have passed refuge, shelter locations in houses etc. Then a comparison was made on the basis of specific criteria and a summary of the results. The work was compiled based on information provided by the representatives of the shelters. The obtained data were then statistically evaluated in graphs and tables.

The title of this thesis is a reference to Spivak’s famous essay: Can the Subaltern Speak?2 By introducing the concept of the nonhuman in the context of this question, this action seeks to highlight the characteristic silence surrounding the inclusion of nature and animals in mainstream socio-political discussions. In the East Asian context this rings true due to the relatively limited scholarship on animal advocacy dynamics in the region. Taiwan is one such example where in spite of its increasing visibility and effectiveness, the animal protection movement has received little attention in relation to its growing influence in the eco-political landscape of the country. This thesis examines the emergence of animal protection rationales in Taiwan as an example of a ‘New Social Movement’ (NSM), and explores the mobilization dynamics employed by animal advocacy groups engaged in the transformation of socio-natural relationships. For this purpose, this thesis applies Jürgen Habermas’ ‘system-lifeworld’ framework as advanced in his work on NSMs based on The Theory of Communicative Action. The findings indicate that animal protection consciousness in Taiwan arose from a new area of conflicts in the socio-natural space due to economic industrialization. At the same time, the convergence of Buddhist Modernism and Animal Ethics has resulted in the emergence of distinctive identities based on animal protection, and more recently the spread of veganism in the country. Counter institutions established from these processes of communicative action play a central role in advancing new discourses to address human-nonhuman interests. Therefore, the Animal Protection Movement in Taiwan is an increasingly prominent element in the eco-political landscape of the country. Future inquiry should pay closer attention to such developments in the East Asian context. Here, insights from the case of Taiwan’s animal advocacy provide a relevant starting point.

Resumé v anglickém jazyce The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyze veterinary care legislation in the Czech Republic, in the European Union and international law. The content of the thesis consists of five chapters. The first chapter is brief and describes the historical development of veterinary care. The second chapter covers animal welfare. The third chapter deals with international law and veterinary care, which is dominated by agreements concluded by the Council of Europe, the intergovernmental organization. One of the parts of the third chapter focuses on the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. The fourth chapter tries to map the sources of law and the institutions of veterinary care in the European Union. One of the parts of this chapter deals with bird flu. The fifth chapter is comprehensive and provides veterinary care description in the Czech Republic. This chapter tries to approach a more detailed explanation of the Veterinary Act, the implementing rules and regulations related to veterinary care. Another section of the thesis consist of an introduction, conclusion, abstract and key words, list of abbreviations, list of sources and supplements.

Nos desastres catastróficos relacionados a eventos hidrometeorológicos ocorrem perdas e danos socioambientais incomensuráveis. Alguns deles têm destaque perante as autoridades que atuam no contexto da emergência e outros não. No Brasil, em geral, os animais gravemente afetados nesses desastres permanecem socialmente invisíveis. Tendo isso em conta, este estudo - que integra pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo - inicia com considerações preliminares sobre a construção da racionalidade do especismo bem como do surgimento de uma preocupação política com a proteção de animais em contexto internacional de desastre. Em seguida, focaliza a dimensão sociopolítica brasileira que, com raras exceções, fundamenta a manutenção de práticas de desamparo aos animais em circunstâncias adversas. Por fim, através do caso do município de Teresópolis/RJ, destaca o protagonismo da sociedade civil organizada na proteção dos animais afetados no desastre ocorrido em 2011 bem como as tensões havidas com as autoridades locais. Conclui, destacando as contradições entre os avanços anunciados pelas autoridades de defesa civil do estado do Rio de Janeiro na proteção de animais de estimação nesse contexto de desastres e as práticas efetivas das autoridades municipais de Teresópolis. / Immeasurable social-environmental damage and losses occur in catastrophic disasters related to hydrometeorological events. Some of them have prominence to the authorities who work in the emergency context and others do not. In Brazil, in general, animals seriously affected in these disasters remain socially invisible. With that in mind, this study - which includes literature review, documentary research and field - begins with preliminary considerations on the construction of the rationality of speciesism and the emergence of a political concern for animal protection in the international context of disaster. Then, focuses on the Brazilian socio-political dimension that, with rare exceptions, grounds the maintenance of practices of abandonment of animals in adverse circumstances. Finally, through the case of the city of Teresopolis/RJ, highlights the role of civil society organizations, in the protection of animals affected in the disaster occurred in 2011, as well as the tensions with local authorities. Concludes, highlighting the contradictions between the advances announced by civil defense authorities of the state of Rio de Janeiro on animal protection, in this context of disasters, and the effective practices of municipal authorities of Teresopolis.

The subject of this thesis is the Swedish animal welfare movement, its origin and early development 1875-1920. The first national Swedish animal welfare society was formed in Stockholm 1875. It was soon followed by other associations for the protection of animals. The animal welfare movement grew rapidly in Sweden. Not until towards the 1920s did the membership decline. The material studied in this thesis consists of a broad variety of documents from the animal welfare societies, such as journals and books as well as children's stories and parliamentary publications. The aim is to study both the origins and early development in Sweden of societies for the protection of animals, wild and domestic, during the decades around the turn of the century. The Swedish debates on animal welfare laws are of interest as well as discussions about vivisection and slaughter. The aim is to provide a wider analysis by taking various ideas and groups of people, such as veterinarians, schoolteachers and women into account.

Despite growing academic interest in the human–animal relationship, little research has been directed toward the political regulation of animal treatment. Even less attention has been accorded to the emergence of the long dominant paradigm in this policy area, namely, the ideology of animal welfare. This book attempts to address this gap by chronicling the early history of animal politics in Sweden with the aim of producing a critical, deconstructive genealogy of animal cruelty and animal welfare. The study ranges from the first political debates about animal cruelty in 1844 to the institution of Sweden’s first comprehensive animal protection act in 1944. Taking a post-Marxist and psychoanalytically informed approach to discourse analysis, the study focuses on how the “problem” of animal cruelty was articulated in the parliamentary debates and government documents throughout the period: What was the problem of animal (mis)treatment represented to be? What kinds of animal (ab)use were rendered uncontroversial? What kind of affective investments and ideological fantasies underpinned these discursive constructions, and how did the problematizations change over time? The book contains six empirical chapters that deal with the most important legal revisions in the period as well as the parallel debates about animal experimentation and slaughter. Two major discursive regimes—an early “anti-cruelty regime” and a later “animal welfare regime”—are identified in the material, and the transition between them is theorized in terms of discursive antagonism and dislocation. Focusing on the conflict between competing discursive logics, the study charts a century of ideological struggles through which our modern attitudes toward animals were born. The book also offers a critical reinterpretation of the success story of animal welfare. Against the assumption that modern animal welfarism progressively grew out of the preceding anti-cruelty regime, the central claim of this book is that the “welfarist turn” that took place in the 1930s and 1940s also functioned to re-entrench society’s speciesist values and de-problematize the exploitation of animals for human purposes.

In der Dissertation wird die Frage untersucht, ob es gerechtfertigt ist, Tieren Rechte zuzuschreiben. Die Theorie der Tierrechte des amerikanischen Philosophen Tom Regan zählt zu den bedeutendsten Ansätzen der Tierethik. Die Idee der Tierrechte findet jedoch nicht nur Befürworter, sondern auch Gegner. Es gibt vier Positionen, die man oft zur Argumentation gegen Tierrechte verwendet. Diese vier Positionen sind: (1) die Lehre der Tierautomaten von Descartes, (2) die Lehre der indirekten Pflichten von Kant, (3) der Kontraktualismus von John Rawls und (4) der Präferenz-Utilitarismus von Peter Singer. Aus der Diskussion mit diesen vier Positionen ergibt sich, dass keine von ihnen einer kritischen Prüfung standhalten kann. Somit ist die Möglichkeit, dass Tiere Rechte haben, nicht ausgeschlossen. Es gelingt Regan jedoch nicht, eine solide Grundlage für seine Theorie der Tierrechte zu bieten. Das bedeutet nicht, dass man auf die Idee der Tierrechte verzichten muss. Es wird gezeigt, dass man mit der Theorie der Gerechtigkeit im Sinne von Aristoteles moralische Rechte der Tiere begründen kann.

Nos desastres catastróficos relacionados a eventos hidrometeorológicos ocorrem perdas e danos socioambientais incomensuráveis. Alguns deles têm destaque perante as autoridades que atuam no contexto da emergência e outros não. No Brasil, em geral, os animais gravemente afetados nesses desastres permanecem socialmente invisíveis. Tendo isso em conta, este estudo - que integra pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo - inicia com considerações preliminares sobre a construção da racionalidade do especismo bem como do surgimento de uma preocupação política com a proteção de animais em contexto internacional de desastre. Em seguida, focaliza a dimensão sociopolítica brasileira que, com raras exceções, fundamenta a manutenção de práticas de desamparo aos animais em circunstâncias adversas. Por fim, através do caso do município de Teresópolis/RJ, destaca o protagonismo da sociedade civil organizada na proteção dos animais afetados no desastre ocorrido em 2011 bem como as tensões havidas com as autoridades locais. Conclui, destacando as contradições entre os avanços anunciados pelas autoridades de defesa civil do estado do Rio de Janeiro na proteção de animais de estimação nesse contexto de desastres e as práticas efetivas das autoridades municipais de Teresópolis. / Immeasurable social-environmental damage and losses occur in catastrophic disasters related to hydrometeorological events. Some of them have prominence to the authorities who work in the emergency context and others do not. In Brazil, in general, animals seriously affected in these disasters remain socially invisible. With that in mind, this study - which includes literature review, documentary research and field - begins with preliminary considerations on the construction of the rationality of speciesism and the emergence of a political concern for animal protection in the international context of disaster. Then, focuses on the Brazilian socio-political dimension that, with rare exceptions, grounds the maintenance of practices of abandonment of animals in adverse circumstances. Finally, through the case of the city of Teresopolis/RJ, highlights the role of civil society organizations, in the protection of animals affected in the disaster occurred in 2011, as well as the tensions with local authorities. Concludes, highlighting the contradictions between the advances announced by civil defense authorities of the state of Rio de Janeiro on animal protection, in this context of disasters, and the effective practices of municipal authorities of Teresopolis.

<p>Antimicrobial resistant bacteria pose a serious threat to global public health. With the development of antibioticresistance far outpacing the discovery of new antibiotics, there is a need to  develop  alternative  strategies  to  control  bacterial  infections without increasing  antibiotic resistance. This study focused on developing bacteriophage therapy as a non-antibiotic means to control colibacillosis in poultry. Avian colibacillosis causes significant mortality and economic loss to poultry industries around the world. The etiological agent is Avian Pathogenic<em> E.  coli</em> (APEC), with serotypes are O78, O1, O2 and O5 most often associated with infections. Here, seven bacteriophages (AHP, MP1, MP2, AKA, MKA, AHC and MIA) were isolated from human and poultry wastewater samples to target these four APEC serotypes.</p> <p>The host-spectrum analysis of these phages revealed that all seven phages lysed at least two different APEC strains, with four phages lysing four or more distinct APEC serotypes. Taken together, the isolated phages covered 90% (9/10) of O-serotyped APEC strains targeted in our study. When co-cultured with the targeted APEC strain, bacterial concentrations in phage treated APEC cultures (average OD₆₀₀= 0.09) were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those of untreated cultures  (average  OD₆₀₀=  1.22)  after  4  hr  incubation.  However,  exposure  of  the  phages  to simulated gastric fluid (pH 2.2–2.5) reduced viability of three of the seven phages by 2.35 –4.01 log PFU/mL after 90 min and to undetectable levels after 5 min for other four phages. In contrast, phage viability was not impacted by simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) with no reductions in phage concentrations after exposure to SIF for 3 hr. All seven bacteriophages were encapsulated in sodium  alginate  microcapsules  with  encapsulation  efficiencies  between  94.4%  to  98.9%.  In contrast to unprotected phages, viability of encapsulated phages was reduced by only0.74 –1.21  log PFU/mL when exposed to SGF for 90 min. Incubating the encapsulated phages sequentially in SGF (1 hr) and SIF (3 hr) indicated that 85% -90% of phages were released from the microcapsules after1 hr incubation in SIF with the maximum release of phages from the microcapsules occurring after 3 hr of incubation in SIF. To assess the in vivoefficacy of the phage treatment, broiler chicks were challenged with APEC and treated with a mixture of unprotected and encapsulated phages. Concentrations of the APEC in the ceca of phage treated birds (2.79 log CFU/g) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of untreated birds (6.18 log CFU/g) by 4 d post-challenge. Additionally, in  most  cases,  APEC  was  not  recovered  from  the  lungs  of  phage  treated  birds  whereas concentrations of APEC in lungs of untreated birds was 4.81 log CFU/g. Hence, these results indicate that phage treatmenteffectively controlled APEC colonization and replication in the ceca and lungs of APEC-challenged chickens and provide further evidence of the viability of phage-based treatments as a non-antibiotic means of controlling bacterial infections in chickens.</p>