Roteamento por colônia de formigas é um método de roteamento em redes de comunicação, e diversos algoritmos foram propostos nos últimos anos baseado nessa estrutura. Todos esses algoritmos produzem excelentes resultados, provando a sua eficiência e eficácia. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de desempenho dos principais algoritmos encontrados na literatura, e com base nesses resultados, propõe um novo algoritmo com desempenho equivalente e com uma complexidade computacional menor. O trabalho é focalizado em redes tipo datagrama com topologia irregular, descrevendo suas propriedades e características e realizando uma análise e comparação de seus desempenhos em um ambiente de simulação. / Ant Colony Routing is an adaptive method for routing in communication networks, and several algorithms have been proposed in the last years based on this framework. All these algorithms show excellent results, proving their efficiency and efficacy. This work presents the results of the performance of the main algorithms found in the literature, and based on these results, it proposes a novel algorithm that has a similar performance but with a lower computational complexity. The work is focused in datagram like networks with irregular topology, describing its characteristics and properties. The performances in an simulation environment are analysed and compared.

Det har visat sig att det finns en viss oro för vad den ökade robotiseringen kommer att innebära, samtidigt som robotiseringens utsträckning skiljer sig mellan branscher. Denna ANT-studie behandlar införandet av en robot i en omsorgsförvaltning. Av detta följer att verksamheten genomgår någon form av förändring, varefter vi ämnat skapa en förståelse för de okända konsekvenser som följer. Studien har även sin utgångspunkt i HRI och antropomorfisering, som givit perspektiv på olika former av aktörskap och deras interaktioner. Studien är till sin natur kvalitativ och har präglats av en abduktiv arbetsprocess, samtidigt som ANT-perspektivet även har haft implikationer på det ontologiska och epistemologiska ställningstagandet. Det empiriska materialet presenteras i form av ett narrativ uppdelat i tre episoder som är berättat av roboten Matilda. Det har visat sig att Matilda har varit en central materialitet för de associeringar som sammanför aktörerna i nätverket, men att hennes införande även medfört nätverkseffekter. Vi kan med säkerhet påstå att effekterna är dynamiska och att de först blir framträdande med tiden. Detta ger ett cirkulärt samband, där idéer förändras och avlöser varandra. / It has been shown that there is some concern about what the increased robotization will mean, while the extent of robotization differs between industries. This ANT study deals with the introduction of a robot into a Public Care Department. This is followed by the notion that the organization will undergo some kind of change, after which we intend to create an understanding of the unknown consequences that follow. The study also has its outset in HRI and anthropomorphism, which have given perspectives on different forms of actors and their interactions. The study is by nature qualitative and has been characterized by an abductive work process, while the ANT perspective has also had implications for the ontological and epistemological positions. The empirical material is presented in the form of a narrative, divided into three episodes told by Matilda the robot. It appears that Matilda has been a central materiality for the associations that connect the actors in the network, but that her introduction also has brought network effects. We can say with certainty that the effects are dynamic and that they only become prominent over time. This provides a circular relationship, where ideas change and replace each other.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo comparar o estabelecimento de sauveiros iniciais em duas áreas de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar com solos de diferentes texturas (médio-argilosa e argilosa) e verificar a influência dos fatores químicos e microbiológicos desses solos no estabelecimento de formigueiros iniciais de A. sexdens rubropilosa. Os sauveiros iniciais foram demarcados após a penetração das içás no solo a partir da revoada. As avaliações foram conduzidas após 40 dias da revoada e foram mantidas semanalmente, por um período de 120 dias ou até a reabertura do canal inicial dos ninhos para forrageamento. No experimento de laboratório, as rainhas foram acondicionadas em potes com solo das duas áreas em 25 ± 2ºC e UR 70%. As avaliações de laboratório foram feitas seguindo-se a mesma metodologia de campo, verificando a atividade dos sauveiros. Os sauveiros mortos foram descartados e as rainhas, foram utilizadas para isolamento de microrganismos para associá-los à causa da morte. As análises dos fatores químicos e microbiológicos do solo incluíram macro e micronutrientes, carbono da biomassa microbiana, contagem do número mais provável de fungos, bactérias e contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias de actinomicetos. Houve uma maior sobrevivência dos sauveiros iniciais de A. sexdens rubropilosa em solos contendo textura argilosa do que médio-argilosa em laboratório. Nas áreas com solo de textura argilosa e médio-argilosa, a sobrevivência dos ninhos foi de 47,8 e 26,7%, respectivamente. No campo, por sua vez, não foram observadas diferenças no estabelecimento dos sauveiros iniciais para as duas áreas de cana-de-açúcar. O carbono da biomassa microbiana bem como o número mais provável de bactérias foi superior no solo de textura médio-argilosa comparativamente ao de textura argilosa. Diferentemente dos resultados de laboratório, os estudos de campo indicaram que à ação dos microrganismos do solo no estabelecimento de sauveiros novos de A. sexdens rubropilosa não foi tão expressiva. / The objective of the present study was to compare the establishment of new ant nests in two sugarcane growing areas with different soil types (sandy clay and clay) and to verify the influence of chemical and microbiological soil factors on nest establishment. In order to determine nest establishment, initial ant nests were marked and accompanied with other activities immediately after nuptial flight. Evaluations for verification of nest establishment were made weekly after 40 days for the period of 120 days. In laboratory experiment, mated queens collected from the two areas with different soils were maintained in plastic pots containing soil from respective areas at 25 ± 2ºC and 70% RH. To verify activities of the ants, a method similar to the one used to the field study was adopted. Dead ants were discarded while dead queens were used for isolation of associated microorganisms to determine the cause of mortality. The analysis of chemical and microbiological factors of the soil determined macro and micro-nutrients including carbon biomass, the most probable number of fungi, bacteria and counting of the colony forming units of the actinomycetes. The establishment of new ant nests occurred significantly more in the sandy clay soil than clay soil in laboratory. In the areas of sandy clay and clay soil the establishments were 47.8 and 26.7%, respectively. In the field was not observed difference in the establishment of new ant nest in both areas. The carbon biomass and most probable number of bacteria were significantly higher in the sandy clay soil when compared with clay soil area. Differently from laboratory results, the field studies indicated that the establishment of new ant nests of A. sexdens rubropilosa was not only based on the soil microrganism.

Ce travail de thèse vise tout d'abord à comprendre comment se construisent les dispositifs de Gestion des Ressources Humaines (GRH) inter-organisationnelle. Il cherche, ensuite, à en évaluer la portée effective. Pour ce faire, deux dispositifs innovants sont étudiés à la lumière de la Théorie de I' Acteur-Réseau (Collon, 1986 ; Akrich et al., 2006 ; Latour, 2006). Le premier, Alliance, rassemble des grandes entreprises du bassin d'emploi lyonnais. Il a pour but de développer la mobilité inter-entreprises de ses salariés. Le second est un programme de GPEC collective mis en place par la grappe d'entreprises stéphanoise Mécaloire, au profit de ses PME membres. Nos résultats tendent à confirmer la tendance, déjà observée, de territorialisation de la GRH. Le territoire est alors vu comme un intermédiaire capable d'agréger des acteurs aux motivations diverses, et de fluidifier leurs échanges. La place des relations interpersonnelles, du temps et du droit à l'erreur apparaît comme centrale dans le processus d'émergence des dispositifs de GRH inter-organisationnelle. Dix rôles clefs d'acteurs, présents dans ce processus, sont révélés. L'importance des acteurs non­humains est soulignée. Les résultats effectifs des dispositifs sont enfin comparés aux ambitions d'origine affichées. Un constat d'échec est dressé. Il apparaît que les bénéficiaires des dispositifs ne sont pas les salariés initialement ciblés. Plusieurs explications sont avancées. Nos résultats contribuent ainsi, modestement, à l'enrichissement du champ de recherche propre à la GRH inter-organisationnelle (ou GRH Territoriale). Ils permettent également de questionner la pertinence du cadre théorique de l'acteur-réseau et d'en proposer des pistes d'enrichissement. Ils permettent enfin, d'un point de vue opérationnel, d'identifier les facteurs clefs de succès et freins potentiels à la mise en place de dispositifs de GRH inter-organisationnelle. / This PhD's aim is to understand how inter-organizational HRM devices are developed and to provide an evaluation of their actual results. To this point, two innovative devices are studied in the light of the Actor-Network Theory (Collon, 1986; Akrich et al., 2006; Latour, 2006). The first one, Alliance, brings together major companies of the Lyon area, aiming to develop inter-firm mobility of employees. The second is a collective GPEC program (strategic workforce planning) set up by the Mécaloire cluster for the benefit of its members: SMEs from the Saint-Etienne area. Our results tend to confirm the trend of HRM territorialisation, where the territory appears as an intermediary in uniting actors with different motivations, and facilitating their exchanges. It also highlights that allowing interpersonal relationships, time, and trial and error are all crucial in the emergence process of inter-organizational HRM devices. Ten key roles in this process are revealed. The importance of non-human actors is emphasized. As the device's efficiency is compared with the original ambitions, it appears that beneficiaries are not those who were initially targeted. Several explanations are stated. Our results thus contribute, modestly, to the enrichment of the inter-organizational HRM (or Territorial HRM), question the relevance of the actor-network theory framework and provide enrichment tracks. From an operational point of view, key factors of success and potential obstacles to the development of inter-organizational HRM devices are updated.

L'objectif de cette thèse consiste à étudier le phénomène de succès du système ERP dans le contrôle de gestion à travers l'identification, l'analyse et la classification des principaux facteurs critiques de succès... / The aim of this thesis is to investigate the phenomenon of the ERP system success within management control context through identifying, analyzing and classifying the main critical success factors...

Förmågan att benämna verb och substantiv kan skilja sig åt hos såväl friska vuxna (Strauss Hough, 2007) som personer med afasi (Mätzig, Druks, Masterson & Vigliocco, 2009). Hos personer med afasi har skillnader mellan förmågan att benämna substantiv och verb relaterats till skadelokalisation (Damasio & Tranel, 1993). Vid afasiutredningar används ofta benämningstest för att bedöma framplockningen av ord (Herbert, Hickin, Howard, Osborne & Best, 2008). Action Naming Test (ANT) är ett verbbenämningstest som normerats på svenska (Lindahl & Oskarsson, 2011; Stenberg & Wik, 2013), men inte studerats hos personer med afasi. Syftet med föreliggande studie är att undersöka hur verbbenämningsförmågan ser ut hos personer med afasi och expressiva svårigheter, i relation till den svenska normeringen för ANT. Några av orden i normeringen var problematiska, varför en reanalys av data genomfördes av Stenberg och Wik (2013). Resultaten för ANT har i föreliggande studie därför jämförts med normdata framtagen före och efter reanalysen. Deltagarna bedömdes även med Boston Naming Test (BNT), eftersom studien även syftade till att undersöka om det fanns skillnader i förmåga att benämna verb och substantiv. Förutom testning med ANT och BNT besvarade deltagarna även hälsoenkäten Short Form-36 (SF–36), för att undersöka eventuella samband mellan hälsotillstånd och benämningsförmåga. I studien deltog 19 personer (41–83 år, medianålder 68 år) med kronisk afasi och expressiva svårigheter. Deltagarna presterade signifikant bättre vid benämning av verb (ANT) än av substantiv (BNT), både före (p=.007) och efter (p<.001) exkludering av de problematiska orden. De presterade under normvärdet för ANT, både före och efter ordexkluderingen, men majoriteten erhöll ett högre testresultat efter reanalysen. Inga signifikanta skillnader i benämningsförmåga relaterat till kön, ålder, utbildningsnivå eller skadelokalisation återfanns. ANT kan användas vid utredning av benämningssvårigheter vid afasi. Vid jämförelse med normdata bör värden framtagna efter reanalysen användas eftersom deltagarna i förevarande studie presterade signifikant bättre efter exkludering. Deltagarna uppvisade en signifikant skillnad i prestation på ANT och BNT, vilket motiverar att verbbenämningstest bör genomföras. / The ability to name verbs and nouns can differ in healthy adults (Strauss Hough, 2007) and in people with aphasia (Mätzig, Druks, Masterson & Vigliocco, 2009). In individuals with aphasia, differences in ability to name nouns and verbs have been related to location of brain damage (Damasio & Tranel, 1993). Confrontation naming tests are frequently used in aphasia assessments to evaluate the ability to retrieve words (Herbert, Hickin, Howard, Osborne & Best, 2008). Action Naming Test (ANT) is a verb naming test that has been standardized in Swedish (Lindahl & Oskarsson, 2011; Stenberg & Wik, 2013), but no studies have been done on verb naming with ANT in Swedish individuals with aphasia, which is the aim of the present study. Some of the words in the Swedish standardization were problematic and consequently a re-analysis of the data was conducted by Stenberg and Wik (2013). The results of the ANT in the present study were compared with collected standardized data before and after the re-analysis. To investigate whether there were differences in the ability to name verbs and nouns, participants were also assessed with the Boston Naming Test (BNT). Participants were also asked to answer the health survey Short Form-36 (SF‑36), to investigate possible links between health and verb naming ability. The study enrolled 19 subjects (41–83 years, median age 68 years) with chronic aphasia and expressive difficulties. Participants performed significantly better in verb naming (ANT) than noun naming (BNT), both before (p=.007) and after (p<.001) the problematic words were excluded. The sample performed below norm levels on ANT, both before and after the exclusion, but the majority achieved a higher test result after the re-analysis. No significant differences were found in verb naming ability related to sex, age, educational level or location of brain damage. ANT can be used to assess naming ability in people with aphasia. However, when compared with standardized data, values ​​developed after the re-analysis should be used since the participants of this study performed significantly better after exclusion. The participants showed a significantly better performance on ANT than BNT, which supports the view that verb naming tests are of value.

Il lavora affronta l'analisi delle strutture di combustione provenienti da diversi contesti archeologici attraverso un approccio multidisciplinare. Le metodologie adottate associano all'approccio contestuale i risultati derivati dall'analisi archeobotanica dei residui di combustione e delle alterazioni termiche. Lo studio tipologico delle strutture di combustione è integrato dai risultati della riproduzione sperimentale delle strutture in modo da selezionare le metodologie di analisi e di intervento nei cantieri archeologici. L'analisi dei resti vegetali (analisi antracologica, carpologica, tafonomica) ha permesso inoltre di ricostruire le strategie ed aree di approvvigionamento del combustibile, il paleoambiente, la paleodieta ed alcuni aspetti dell'agricoltura delle comunità del passato. Tale approccio è stato applicato alla lettura ed interpretazione delle attività connesse con l'uso del fuoco e gestione degli spazi in alcuni contesti archeologici indagati dall'Università del Salento: santuario di Apollo a Hierapolis (Turchia), abitato dell'età del Ferro e fase arcaica di San Vito dei Normanni, abitato dell'età del Ferro di Castelluccio. / This work analyzes the hearth structures from different archaeological contexts through a multisciplinary approach. The contextual analysis is linked to archaeobotanical analysis of fuel and thermal alteration. The experimental replica of hearth structures shed new light about new methodology of studies and definition of proceedings protocol. This approach is applied to three archaeological sites excavated by the University of Salento: Apollo sanctuary at Hierapolis (Turkey), San Vito dei Normanni (Brindisi, South Italy), Castelluccio (Brindisi, South Italy). The archaeobotanical analysis (anthracological, carpological, taphonomical analysis) allowed to reconstruct fuel management, palaeoenvironment, paleodiet and agricolture practice of ancient comunities.

Teknologi har blivit en viktig del i barn och ungdomars liv. Spel, kommunikation, bloggar, skolarbeten och att umgås via sociala nätverk tillhör aktiviteterna online. Syftet med den här litteraturstudien var att utifrån ett teoretiskt perspektiv där bland annat Actor-Network-Theory (ANT) ingår belysa och utforska barns och unga människors interaktioner på och med Internet och det lärande och förutsättningar för hälsa som kan skapas. Tjugotre artiklar från tidskrifter med en disciplinär bredd, som bland annat innefattar utbildningsteknologi, psykologi, socio-logi och mediakunskap, har studerats. Interaktion var ett genomgående tema i artiklarna. Barn och ungdomar interagerade med varandra och med andra på olika sätt och med olika syften. Delaktighet och gemenskap var viktiga begrepp. Kamratstöd online har visat sig vara betydelsefullt för unga med allvarliga sjukdomar. Många av de populära spelen är onlinespel som kan spelas av ett stort antal spelare samtidigt. Spelarna umgicks med sina vänner, lärde känna nya människor, hjälpte varandra genom olika uppdrag i spelet och firade uppnådda mål tillsammans. Olika roller framträdde i de olika kontexterna, både självvalda och tilldelade av andra. Det lärande som uppstod i de olika kontexterna var situerat och bestod likaväl av akademiska kunskaper och digitala färdigheter som av social kompetens, socialisering och ”livsfärdigheter”. Den teoretiska referensramen i uppsatsen var inspirerad av bland andra Latour, Bandura, Antonovsky samt Lave och Wenger. Jag kallar den ”Del i det hela” och menar att ett aktörskap i ett heterogent nätverk med en gemensam aktivitet kan bidra till en känsla av sammanhang (KASAM), en känsla av mening. Dessa delar har betydelse för vår hälsa – den psykiska, den sociala samt den existentiella hälsan. / Technology has become an important part of children and young people’s lifes. Games, communication, blogs, school work and hanging out in social networks are examples of online activities. Using a theoretical perspective including Actor-Network-Theory (ANT), the aim of this literature review was to illustrate and explore children and youth’s interactions on and with the Internet, and the learning processes and conditions for health that can emerge. Twenty-three articles from journals of different disciplines, such as educational technology, psychology, sociology, and media science, were included. Interaction was a constant theme throughout the articles. Children and young people interacted with each other and with others in different ways and with different purposes. Participation and fellowship were important concepts. Online peer support has shown to be significant for youth with severe disease. Many of the popular games are online games that can be played by many players simultaneously. The players socialized with their friends, got to know new people, helped each other through various missions in the game and celebrated achieved goals together. Different roles appeared in the different contexts, some self-selected and some assigned by others. The learning processes that occurred in the different contexts were situated and consisted of academic knowledge and digital skills, as well as of social competence, socialization and life skills. The theoretical framework used in this essay was inspired by Latour, Bandura, Antonovsky, and Lave and Wenger. I call it “Part of it all” and believe that an actorship in a heterogeneous network with a collective activity may contribute to a sense of coherence (SOC), a sense of meaning. These elements are significant for our health – the psychological, the social, and the existential health.

Benämningsförmågan av verb och substantiv kan påverkas på skilda sätt vid neurologisk skada eller sjukdom och idag finns inget normerat verbbenämningstest på svenska. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att översätta och ta fram normvärden för friska vuxna personer på Action Naming Test (ANT), samt att undersöka huruvida ålder, kön, utbildnings- och kognitionsnivå påverkar resultaten. Målorden i ANT översattes från engelska till svenska genom omvänd översättning och 120 personer i åldrarna 20-83 år testades med detta. För möjlighet att undersöka inverkande faktorer på resultaten samlades information om utbildningsnivå in och deltagarna testades även med Irregularly Spelled Words (ISW) och Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (WISC-III) Blockmönster. Resultaten visade att ålder, utbildning och kognition hade en inverkan på hur friska vuxna personer presterade på ANT. Yngre deltagare presterade signifikant bättre, liksom deltagare med hög utbildnings- och kognitionsnivå. Hänsyn bör tas till att anpassningar till svenska språket inte är fullständigt utförda, men då resultaten har ett stort underlag kan de ändå användas som normvärden vid testning av verbbenämningsförmåga hos personer med neurologisk skada eller sjukdom. / In case of brain damage the naming ability of verbs and nouns can be differently affected. Since there is no test of verb naming available in Swedish, the aim of this study was to translate and establish normative data for Action Naming Test (ANT). Further, the intention was to compare the results with respect to age, gender, educational and cognitive level. The words in ANT were translated from English to Swedish through back translation and 120 healthy participants, aged 20-83 years, were tested. To be able to study factors possible influence on the results, information about education was also collected and the participants were tested with Irregularly Spelled Words (ISW) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (WISC-III) Block Design. The result showed that age, education and cognition had a significant influence on the ANT results. Young participants performed better, as well as participants with high educational and cognitive level. Considerations should be taken that the adaptations to the Swedish language are incompletely, but since the result is based on a large sample it can be used to test verb naming in patients with brain damage.

Il mio progetto di ricerca ha avuto come focus il Salento nell’età del Ferro partendo dallo studio contestuale di un sito scoperto recentemente a Vaste, nel sud della provincia di Lecce. Si tratta di un sito inedito rivelatosi particolarmente importante perché è uno dei pochi contesti ritenuti cultuali documentati nel Salento per l’età del Ferro. Si tratta di una vasta area caratterizzata dalle presenza di buche terragne i cui depositi si sono rivelati di natura rituale. È stato uno dei pochi contesti salentini che ha restituito materiale iapigio integro. La cronologia del contesto è prima metà del VII sec. a.C. L’analisi del contesto di Vaste è stata preceduta da una schedatura dei siti dell’età del Ferro editi nel Salento. L’altra parte importante del progetto è stata l’analisi chimica tramite tecnica XRF svolta presso il CEDAD su un campione di ceramica d’importazione databile tra fine VIII e VII sec. a.C. proveniente da alcuni siti salentini (Vaste, Otranto e San Vito dei Normanni) e della Basilicata (Policoro e Torre di Satriano). Il lavoro ha permesso di stabilire i luoghi di produzione delle varie classi ceramiche analizzate. / My research project will focus on the Salento region during the Iron Age; beginning with the study of a site that was recently discovered in Vaste, in the Southern province of Lecce. Little is known or has been published about the site, but as studies of the area continue it was discovered to have been one of the few sites to be officially religious in Salento during the Iron Age. Interestingly, it is a vast area characterised by the presence of ‘earth pits’, which are earthy deposits of a ritualistic nature. It is also one of the few areas in Salento where undamaged ‘Iapygian’ artefacts have been discovered. This period chronologically dates from the 7th century B.C. Further studies for this project have been done using chemical analysis (an XRF technique done in CEDAD laboratories) on pottery samples dating from the 8th to the 7th century B.C. from various sites in Salento, such as, Vaste, Otrano and San Vito dei Normanni and sites in Basilicata, such as, Policoro and Torre di Satriano.