Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2008. Graduate Programme in Social and Political Thought. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 275-293). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:NR51679

MONTEIRO, Francisco Herbert. Relatório antropológico e comunidades remanescentes de quilombos: o despertar de uma identidade. 2016. 164f. – Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2016. / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-28T12:31:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_tese_ fhpmonteiro.pdf: 1176051 bytes, checksum: 92aab6cbbdff6f8a9648acbf4aea50a8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-28T17:43:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_tese_ fhpmonteiro.pdf: 1176051 bytes, checksum: 92aab6cbbdff6f8a9648acbf4aea50a8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-28T17:43:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_tese_ fhpmonteiro.pdf: 1176051 bytes, checksum: 92aab6cbbdff6f8a9648acbf4aea50a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / With the promulgation of the 1988’s Federal Constitution in Brazil, the spaces for civilian society’s participation in the implementation of public policies had increased substantially. Various minority sectors of the Brazilian society, like indians, women, homossexuals etc. took the streets to claim for their rights. One of this groups who claim their black identity and ancestry was the communities of descendants of former Brazilian slaves. Therefore, the thesis presents its object in the elaboration of an Anthropological Report. This piece is a part of the production in Tecnichal Reports of Identification and Delimitation (RTID). This document is used for the land regularization of the communitary territories of remaining quilombos. The work discusses about the formation of identity and the quilombola territorry starting with the elaboration of the anthropological report and discourse in these communities, implemented by the anthropologist as a social and cientifical praxis. The aim here is to comprehend by the concepts of social movement, civil society, identity, discourse and social-technical networks about how are produced quilombola groups as truths that can be recognized by the Brazilian State. In this discussion we observe that the anthropological report is actively produced by the means of representation. The thesis also approaches of the quilombola communities’ participation as colective subjects and active members in popular organizations of the civillian society. We will see that the quilombola subject, owner of an ex-slave identity, don’t configurates itself as a illuminist idea of a well centered and unified individual. The identity that was always linked to the State-Nation perspective and now passes by profound transformations of the globalized discourses. One of this transformations will be made by the own scientifical discourse in anthropology. / Com a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988, os espaços para a participação da sociedade civil na definição e implementação das políticas públicas no Brasil ampliaram-se significativamente. Vários setores minoritários da sociedade brasileira, como negros índios, mulheres e homossexuais, saíram às ruas para reivindicar seus direitos. Um desses grupos que passaram a reivindicar sua identidade e ancestralidade negra foram as comunidades que guardavam descendências com pessoas que foram escravizadas no Brasil. Assim sendo, a Tese tem como objeto de estudo a elaboração do Relatório Antropológico. Essa peça faz parte da produção de Relatórios Técnicos de Identificação e Delimitação (R.T.I.D.). Esse documento é utilizado para a regularização fundiária de territórios de comunidades remanescentes de quilombos. O trabalho discute a formação da identidade e do território quilombola a partir da elaboração do relatório antropológico e do discurso implementado pelo antropólogo na comunidade, respaldado por uma prática científica e social. Busca-se, aqui, compreender, a partir dos conceitos de movimentos sociais, sociedade civil, identidade, discurso e redes sociotécnicas, como são produzidos territórios de comunidades quilombolas enquanto verdades passíveis de serem reconhecidas pelo estado brasileiro. Nesta discussão, observamos que o relatório antropológico é ativamente produzido na e por meio da representação. Esse trabalho também aborda a participação das comunidades quilombolas como sujeitos sociais coletivos, como membros ativos de organizações populares da sociedade civil. Veremos que o sujeito quilombola, portador de uma identidade ex-escrava, não se configura a partir de uma ideia iluminista, em que o indivíduo era centrado, unificado, dotado das capacidades de razão, de consciência e de ação, cujo centro consistia num núcleo interior. A identidade, que sempre esteve ligada à perspectiva do Estado-nação, agora sofre profundas transformações e essas, consequentemente, difundidas pelos novos discursos globalizados. E uma dessas transformações será feita pelo próprio discurso científico antropológico.

During the recent exponential rise in the use of alternative medicines (AM) in the West and increasing integration into the health service, little research has been done on AM in the context in which it is practised, or over time to look at changing belief systems. This thesis provides an anthropologically informed analysis of one alternative therapy in depth - homeopathy- explored from the multiple perspectives of biomedical and lay homeopaths, users and students of homeopathy. The ethnography comprised 18 months participant observation in 4 settings in south London: the surgery of a homeopathic GP; a homeopathy adult education class; a vaccination support group; and a low cost homeopathy clinic for victims of crime. The fieldwork is contextualised by a critique of the existing research on users of AM; a review of the history and politics of integration of AM and a review of anthropological conceptions of the body and health. Analysis of the empirical data reveals different groups of users of homeopathy with differing beliefs around health, healing and the body. 'Pragmatic users' had a normative biomedical view of health. 'Committed users' moved away from the normative biomedical position and were enculturated into a different view of health and the body through interaction with lay homeopaths. Inherent in these practitioners' and users' beliefs and practices were a number of oppositions to science-based medicine. Prolonged fieldwork enabled the changing views of users to be charted as they moved from biomedical to alternative views. The medical homeopath stayed allied to many biomedical beliefs about the body and health, partly as a result of general practice constraints of time, colleagues and training. Tensions between his biomedical and homeopathic practice lead to paradoxical behaviours that confused his patients. These findings problematise the notion of integration, of trying to incorporate two opposing ideologies into one system. Implications for alternative medicine more widely are discussed.

This thesis consists primarily of a detailed account of an experimental exhibition installed at the Museum of Anthropology, University of British Columbia. The exhibit is termed "experimental" because it was an attempt to do something new in the field of visual education and thereby to provide one possible solution to the problem of the increasing gap between museum and theoretical anthropology. In recent years this problem has become so acute that many academics can find nothing good at all to say about the work of museum-based anthropologists, let alone collaborate with them, and vice versa. While this fact in itself does not necessarily constitute cause for alarm, it seemed to this student that a great deal could be gained from a rapprochement of the two branches, and after careful consideration that the exhibition hall was an excellent place to demonstrate this. To this end I designed an exhibit which uses the most important assets of any museum — its collections — in a new way: instead of the artifacts being ends in themselves, they are employed as means for conveying one of the current issues of theoretical anthropology — the concept of exchange, and the whole display is arranged to raise questions, rather than answer them, and to stimulate new thinking. In this way it was hoped to demonstrate the possibility of introducing into the museum some of the exciting ideas under study by the theorists, and at the same time to indicate the advantages of looking at some of these concepts from the point of view of the goods involved. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate

This study has two major purposes: (1) to investigate if and how punctuation conventions have been rewritten in text messages to compensate for lack of paralinguistic cues and (2) the sociolinguistic implications of these findings. Data for this study was collected through an online, anonymous questionnaire in which participants gave their judgments about the meanings and function of punctuation used in sample text messages. The results show that punctuation is used to convey differences in meaning in direct and indirect ways and most are dependent on the context. Furthermore, age showed to be a factor in punctuation style and interpretation. The results here challenge the notion that texting is detrimental to one’s literacy skills and is in fact a site of linguistic innovation.

Sacred stones, or huacas, at the ancient Inca city of Machu Picchu integrated human ritual with the surrounding landscape. I argue that huacas defined the relationship between nature and ritual practice by forcing an esoteric choreography which involved specific postures of the participant in order to visually orient humans to significant natural features of the surrounding environment. Inca stonemasons refined the natural form of the huacas so that they mimic the contours of prominent landscape features such as mountain peaks. This dissertation documents 122 huacas at Machu Picchu using maps of the site to record the exact location of each stone. Every huacas is described in detail, including notation of the specific cardinal orientation; lines of sight established by reference points to prominent landscape features; and the specific posture required to view these lines of sight. The extensive number of huacas at Machu Picchu suggests a highly ritualistic city in which stones and caves were almost certainly considered metaphysical conduits between humans and the divine.

This research examines the relationship between British accents and their stereotypes. It looks specifically at the ratings of British and American subjects for a variety of British regional and standard accents, and examines them in contrast with observed stereotypes about these accents. The purpose of this paper is to compare the reactions of British and American participants in order to understand whether the stereotypes associated with these accents are purely socially constructed by British society, or whether qualities of each accent support these stereotypes. Results found a similar trend in the ratings of both American and British participants, though it is hypothesized that this is due to confounding variables.

Sociolinguistics studies on language perception have shown that listeners form different attitudes toward speakers based on the speakers’ language varieties (Lukes and Wiley 1996, Lippi-Green 2012, Thompson, Craig, and Washington 2004). Just from hearing a voice, listeners form opinions, and these opinions are often informed by societal archetypes, as well as societal stereotypes. For example, Standard American English is generally perceived with more prestige and respect than non-standard varieties. Unfavorable perceptions of non-standard varieties can, and in many documented cases does, lead to inequitable and/or discriminatory situations (Baugh 2003). Non-standard and standard varieties are found in language use in music. The emergence of the Internet and music playing platforms, as well as more diverse musicians getting mainstream radio play and pay, leads to non-standard varieties reaching new listeners in a new format. In this thesis, I survey the types of music to which people listen, and their perceptions to speakers of Standard American English, Southern American English, and African American English to investigate how the music people listen to connects to their language attitudes. The results show that overall, listeners of any genre have more favorable attitudes toward Standard American English; and, that listeners of rap and/or hip-hop have more favorable attitudes than other groups of listeners toward the non-standard varieties.

Among various fan sites dedicated to pop stars, GagaDaily is one prominent online collective that centers around Lady Gaga. This study is a piece of ethnographic research focused on two claims – GagaDaily constitutes a Community of Practice (Eckert, 2006) in an online setting, and the regular use of humor by users fulfills social and pragmatic roles in the discourse. Communicative phenomena (both textual and graphic) that characterize the linguistic repertoire of GagaDaily members were catalogued from the first 100 pages of one thread within the forums. These data were grouped into categories corresponding to different dimensions of language use as well as media/literary devices. Alongside a quantitative analysis of various tokens and types of data, a qualitative examination of selected excerpts from the sample confirm the veracity of the two main claims. When analyzed with regard to Wenger’s definition of a Community of Practice (Wenger, 2009), GagaDaily meets all three of his requirements. Likewise, the analysis of humor reveal that GagaDaily users regularly engage in the first dichotomy of the tactics of intersubjectivity, adequation and distinction (Bucholtz & Hall, 2004) and incorporate GIF images in their humor to express their alignment with stance objects (DuBois, 2007) and other members.

This thesis analyzes how Taylor Swift has changed the way she expresses her Southern identity, specifically her dialectal features, over the course of her career and through her switch from country music to pop music. There were two processes to assess the change in Swift’s speech: the production of /ai/ tokens in interviewed speech and the perception of dialectal change by fans in the comment sections of the interviews on YouTube. Seven interviews on YouTube and their comment sections were used as the data source for this study. Production of /ai/ was measured through an auditory analysis to determine whether tokens were monophthongal, diphthongal, or somewhere in the middle. Perception was evaluated by scraping the comments from the YouTube videos and running key word searches related to accent. The results of the production portion of the study confirm that there has been a decrease in monophthongal tokens of /ai/ from 2007-2019 in Swift’s speech. The results from the perception part of the study show that fans do notice a change in “sounding Southern” and try to explain that change through either labeling Swift as “fake” or by positing other theories related to Swift’s individual life experiences (such as moving around the country). The implications of this study point to how dialectal features are linked with identity performance, and also how non-linguists justify changing dialectal features.