• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 23
  • 10
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 44
  • 44
  • 21
  • 16
  • 15
  • 10
  • 9
  • 8
  • 6
  • 6
  • 6
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Análise dos fatores de risco para peritonite bacteriana espontânea em pacientes cirróticos e do perfil da flora infectante com o uso de antibióticos profiláticos / Analysis of risk factors for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients and the ascitic fluid microbiology with use of prophylactic antibiotics

Valdinélia Bomfim Barban Sposeto 28 May 2009 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: A realização de procedimentos invasivos e o comprometimento da função hepática têm sido apontados como importantes fatores predisponentes à peritonite bacteriana primária (PBE) em pacientes cirróticos. Apesar das bactérias gram-negativas ainda serem os agentes mais freqüentemente isolados, a incidência de infecção por bactérias gram positivas tem aumentado. OBJETIVOS: Analisar os fatores de risco para PBE em pacientes cirróticos e relacionar o perfil da flora infectante do líquido ascítico com o uso de antibióticos. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de resultados de 1.114 paracenteses realizadas em 348 pacientes no período de 2005 a 2007 no Departamento de Gastroenterologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo. Foram definidos dois grupos: com e sem PBE, segundo resultado da leucometria do líquido ascítico. Os seguintes fatores foram analisados: aspartato aminotransferase (AST); alanina aminotransferase (ALT); bilirrubinas totais; INR; creatinina; uso do propranolol e sua resposta hemodinâmica; antecedente de hemorragia digestiva alta; choque hipovolêmico; tratamento endoscópico de varizes de esôfago; sondagem vesical; cateteres intravenosos; gravidade da doença hepática (escores de Child-Pugh, MELD e MELD-Na); infecções associadas e o perfil da flora infectante, segundo o uso de antibióticos. RESULTADOS: 852 paracenteses em 303 pacientes foram incluídas. A etiologia mais freqüente da cirrose hepática foi hepatite crônica C (25,4%), seguida por álcool (24,1%). O diagnóstico de PBE foi estabelecido em 82 (9,6%) paracenteses, 27 (33%) da forma clássica e 55 (67%) com cultura negativa. No grupo com PBE, observamos níveis mais elevados de bilirrubinas totais e INR (p<0,0001 e p= 0,0016, respectivamente). Não houve diferença entre os grupos, quanto ao uso de betabloqueadores e risco de PBE (32,9% versus 37,3%, p=0,533) e a resposta hemodinâmica ao propranolol (68,2% versus 70%, p=1,00), assim como em relação às seguintes variáveis: hemorragia digestiva alta (6,1% versus 2,5%, p=0,074), escleroterapia endoscópica (2,4% versus 0,8%, p=0,178), sondagem vesical (4,9% versus 2,3%, p=0,138), cateterismo venoso (2,4% versus 1,7%, p= 0,649). O grupo com PBE apresentou maior percentual de pacientes Child C, 51% versus 37%, (p=0,022) e maior frequência de choque hipovolêmico 2,5% versus 0,3% (p=0,0484). Não houve diferença quanto às infecções associadas (p=1,00). No grupo com PBE, as bactérias gram-positivas foram isoladas em 55,6% e as gram-negativas em 44,4% (p=0,3848). Não houve relação entre a presença de infecção por gram positivos e o uso de quinolonas (p=1,00). O aumento de um ponto no escore MELD aumentou o risco de infecção em 1,059 vezes [IC 95% : 1,0266; 1,0930] ou 6%. Não houve diferença no risco de PBE quando analisamos faixas de valores do MELD. O aumento de um ponto no MELD-Na aumentou o risco de infecção em 1,0283 vezes [IC 95%: 1,0073; 1,0497] ou 2,8%. Entretanto, o aumento de um ponto de MELD-Na na faixa entre 6 e 15 aumentou a probabilidade de infecção em 1,3371vezes [IC 95%: 1,0230; 1,7476], entre 16 e 24 aumentou em 3,2371 vezes [IC 95%: 0,1958; 53,5291] e acima de 24 pontos em 14,2663 vezes [IC 95%: 1,2441; 163,5990]. CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes com PBE apresentaram níveis mais elevados das bilirrubinas e de INR, maior frequência de choque hipovolêmico e maior gravidade da cirrose hepática, avaliada pelos escores Child-Pugh, MELD e MELD-Na, sendo o declínio da função hepática, o principal fator de risco para desenvolvimento de PBE. O uso de betabloqueadores e a resposta hemodinâmica ao propranolol não foram associados à proteção contra PBE. O MELD-Na discriminou o risco de infecção em faixas de pontuação e de gravidade. Não houve diferença significante na frequência de infecção por bactérias gram positivas e gram negativas nos pacientes com PBE. Não observamos relação entre a frequência de infecção por gram positivos e uso de quinolonas / INTRODUCTION: Invasive procedures and the decline of the liver function have been considered predisposing factors for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in cirrhotic patients. In spite of the predominance of gram negative, the incidence of gram positive agents is increasing in literature. OBJETIVES: To analyze the risk factors for SBP in cirrhotic patients and to assess if there is increase in the frequency of infection by gram positive agents, according to the use of antibiotics. METHODS: In this retrospective study, the results of 1.114 paracentesis carried out in 348 patients from 2005 to 2007 in the Department of Gastroenterology of the University of São Paulo were enrolled. According to the result of ascitic fluid leucometry, two groups were formed: with and without SBP. The following factors were assessed: aspartate aminotransferase; alanine aminotransferase; bilirubin; INR; creatinine; use of propranolol and hemodynamic response; previous gastrointestinal hemorrhage; hypovolemic shock; endoscopic therapy of esophageal varices; vesical catheter, indwelling vascular catheter, severity of the underlying liver disease (scores Child-Pugh, MELD and MELD-Na); concurrent bacterial infections and the frequency of gram positive bacteria according to the use of antibiotics. RESULTS: 852 paracentesis performed in 303 patients were included. The most prevalent etiology of cirrhosis was hepatitis C virus infection (25.4%), followed by alcoholic (24.1%). The diagnosis of SBP was established in 82 (9.6%) paracentesis, 27 (33%) of them were classical SBP and 55 (67%) were negative-culture SBP. In the SBP group, we found higher levels of bilirubin and more enlarged INR (p<0.0001 e p= 0.0016, respectively). There was no difference between the groups regarding the risk of SBP and the use of betablockers (32.9% versus 37.3%, p=0.533) or hemodynamic response to propranolol therapy (68.2% versus 70%, p=1.00). The following parameters did not reach statistical significance: gastrointestinal bleeding (6.1% versus 2.5%, p=0.074), endoscopic sclerotherapy of varices (2.4% versus 0.8%, p=0.78), vesical catheters (4.9% versus 2.3%, p=0.138), vascular catheters (2.4% versus 1.7%, p= 0.649). The SBP group had a higher frequency of Child C status patients, 51% versus 37%, (p=0.022) and higher frequency of hypovolemic shock 2.5% versus 0.3% (p=0.0484). There was no difference in the frequency of SBP in patients with or without concurrent bacterial infections (p=1,00). In the SBP group, gram positive staining bacteria were found in 55.6% and gram negative in 44.4% (p=0.3848). We found no relationship between gram positive bacteria infection and the use of quinolones (p=1.00). Every single point increased in the MELD score increased the risk of SBP in 1.059 times [95% IC: 1.0266; 1.0930] or by 6%. There was no significant difference in the odds ratio for SBP according to the stratification of MELD values. Every single point increased in the MELD-Na increased the risk of infection in 1.0283 times [95% IC: 1.0073; 1.0497] or 2.8%. Nevertheless, every point increased in the MELDNa between 6 and 15 increased the probability of infection in 1.3371 times [95%] IC: 1.0230; 1.7476], between 16 and 24 in 3.2371 times [95% IC: 0.1958; 53.5291] and higher than 24 points in 14.2663 times [95% IC: 1.2441; 163.5990]. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with SBP had higher levels of bilirubin and INR, higher frequency of hypovolemic shock and more severe underlying liver cirrhosis, as assessed by the Child-Pugh score, MELD and MELD-Na, indicating that the decline of the liver function is the main risk factor for developing SBP in cirrhosis. The use of betablockers and the hemodynamic response to propranolol were not associated to protection against developing SBP. The odds ratios for developing SBP increased according to the stratification of MELD-Na values, but not according to MELD stratification. There was no significant difference in the frequency of gram positive and gram negative infections in patients with SBP. The use of quinolones was not associated with increased frequency of gram positive infections in this series .
42

Estudo prospectivo e randomizado de profilaxia antimicrobiana para procedimentos cirúrgicos em estimulação cardíaca artificial / Prospective and randomized trial of antibiotic prophylaxis for cardiac stimulation surgical procedures

Júlio César de Oliveira 11 September 2007 (has links)
O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da administração prévia de antibiótico na incidência de complicações infecciosas em procedimentos de estimulação cardíaca artificial. Os pacientes foram selecionados em um estudo duplo-cego e randomizado (1:1). Grupo I Cefazolina (1,0g dose única) versus grupo II placebo. O comitê de segurança interrompeu o estudo após a inclusão de 649 pacientes devido à diferença entre os grupos (group I 314; grupo II 335 pacientes) em favor do uso de antibiótico: 2 infectados (0,63%) versus 11 infectados no grupo placebo (3,28%); p=0,016. Marcadores identificados por análise univariada: não uso de antibiótico; procedimentos de implantes (versus trocas); hematoma pós-operatório e duração do procedimento. O não uso de antibiótico e hematoma pós-operatório foram significantes em análise multivariada / The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the previous venous antibiotic administration in the incidence of infectious complications in cardiac stimulation surgical procedures. Patients were selected in a double blind, randomized (1:1) trial. Group I Cefazolin (1,0g one dose) versus group II placebo. The security committee interrupted the trial after inclusion of 649 patients due to differences between groups (group I 314; group II 335 patients) in favor of the antibiotic arm: 2 infected patients (0,63%) versus 11 infected patients in the placebo arm (3,28%); p=0,016. Markers identified by univariate analysis: non-use of preventive antibiotic; implant procedures (versus replacement); post-operative haematoma and procedure duration. The non-use of antibiotic and the post-operative haematoma were independent predictors of infection in multivariate analysis
43

Antibiotic prophylaxis for ventilator-associated pneumonia in pediatric patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury in a hospital in Lima, Peru

Chira Alarcon, Patricia Fiorela, Romaña Castillo, Natalia 30 April 2021 (has links)
Introduction: This study evaluates the use of antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention and development of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) in pediatric patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in order to promote best practices and use the appropriate resources. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of all pediatric patients, between 1 and 18 years, who were admitted and had moderate or severe TBI diagnosis at the Pediatric Emergency Hospital, Lima-Peru. Results: One hundred and forty-five patients with diagnosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI), who received mechanical ventilation for at least 48 hours, were evaluated. We obtained an incidence density of 44.60/1000 ventilator days. No relationship was found between antibiotic prophylaxis and the development of VAP. Likewise, it was found that performing oral hygiene with chlorhexidine reduces the risk of developing VAP by 45% (p = 0.03, CI 0.33-0.95).In addition, the presence of purulent secretions (IC 2.23-11.45), solid (, IC 1.67-11.34) or dense ( IC 2.91-16.75) has a 3, 5 and 6 times higher risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia, respectively. Conclusions: Antibiotic prophylaxis did not show to have a positive effect on the prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia; However, other measures such as oral hygiene with chlorhexidine were associated with reducing the risk of developing VAP. The proportion of patients who received antibiotic prophylaxis was 81 (55.6%) and the incidence density of VAP found in the study is within the standards found in the available literature. Furthermore, the type of discharge was identified as a predictor of increased risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Even more studies focused on this population are required. / Introducción: Se evaluará el uso de antibióticos profilácticos para prevenir el desarrollo de neumonía asociada a ventilador (NAV) en la población pediátrica admitida con diagnóstico de traumatismo encéfalo craneano (TEC) moderado a grave. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cohorte retrospectivo de todos los pacientes pediátricos, entre 1 y 18 años, que fueron admitidos con diagnóstico TEC moderado o grave y estuvieron con ventilación mecánica más de 48 horas en el Hospital de Emergencias Pediátricas, Lima-Perú. Resultados: Ciento cuarenta y cinco pacientes con TEC y que recibieron ventilación mecánica fueron evaluados. Se encontró una densidad de incidencia de neumonía asociada a ventilador (NAV) de 44.60/1000 días de ventilador. No se encontró relación entre la profilaxis antibiótica y el desarrollo de NAV. Asimismo, se obtuvo que la realización de higiene oral con clorhexidina disminuye en 45% el riesgo de desarrollar NAV (IC 0.33-0.95). Además, la presencia de secreciones purulentas (IC 2.23-11.45), sólidas (IC 1.67-11.34) o densas (IC 2.91-16.75) tiene 3, 5 y 6 veces más riesgo de neumonía asociada a ventilador, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La profilaxis antibiótica no mostró tener un efecto positivo en la prevención de neumonía asociada a ventilador; sin embargo, otras medidas como la higiene oral con clorhexidina sí estuvieron asociadas disminuyendo el riesgo de desarrollar NAV. La proporción de pacientes que recibieron profilaxis antibiótica fue 81 (55.6%) y la densidad de incidencia de NAV encontrada en el estudio se encuentra dentro de los estándares encontrados en la literatura disponible. Además, el tipo de secreción se identificó como un factor predictor de mayor riesgo de neumonía asociada a ventilador. Se requieren aún más estudios enfocados en esta población. / Tesis
44

Retrospektive Analyse klinischer Daten von 358 Patienten mit hereditärer Sphärozytose / Retrospective study of 358 patients with hereditary sphaerocytosis

Kreische, Benjamin 26 September 2011 (has links)
No description available.

Page generated in 0.0649 seconds