La numération plaquettaire est une analyse délicate et le résultat est souvent erroné notamment du fait d’une tendance à l’agrégation in vitro dans certaines espèces animales. Il a ainsi pu être démontré chez le Chat que ce phénomène peut être inhibé par l’association d’un anticoagulant avec des inhibiteurs plaquettaires : le CTAD (Citrate, Théophylline, Adénosine et Dipyridamole). Cette association permet ainsi l’obtention de numérations plaquettaires fiables sans affecter les autres populations sanguines, mais également d’effectuer des analyses d’hémostase et de biochimie. De nouveaux intervalles de référence ont dû être établis pour certaines variables hématologiques avec les analyseurs utilisés en laboratoire et dans les cliniques vétérinaires. Par ailleurs, si les effets antiagrégants du CTAD sont moins nets chez le Chien, il peut également servir d’anticoagulant « universel », permettant de réduire le nombre de prélèvements et d’améliorer ainsi le bien-être des animaux. / The platelet count is a delicate measurement, which may often be erroneous because of the tendency of platelets from some animal species to aggregate in vitro. This study demonstrated that this effect can be inhibited in cats using CTAD (Citrate, Theophylline, Adenosine and Dipyridamole) composed of an anticoagulant and platelet inhibitors. This association provides reliable platelet counts without affecting other blood populations and also allows hemostasis and biochemical analyses. New hematological reference intervals have been established for some variables with analyzers used in clinical pathology laboratories and veterinary clinics. Furthermore, if the antiplatelet clumping effects of CTAD are less marked in canine species, the CTAD can also serve as "universal" anticoagulant, reducing the number of blood samples and thus improving animal welfare.

Introduction: Il y a peu de données publiées sur les prédicteurs de saignement majeur (MB) dans une population d’utilisateurs d’anticoagulants oraux (OAC) qui inclue les OACs à action directe chez des patients ayant un diagnostic de fibrillation auriculaire (AF) en situation réelle. Objectif: Développer un modèle de prédiction de MB et de ses sous-types pour une population de nouveaux utilisateurs de OAC ayant un diagnostic de AF en situation réelle. Méthode : À l’aide de la base de données d’hospitalisation Med-Écho et des bases de données administratives de la RAMQ, nous avons identifié des patients ayant un diagnostic primaire ou secondaire de AF suite à une hospitalisation qui ont eu leur congé hospitalier de janvier 2011 à décembre 2017. Nous avons ensuite identifié ceux qui étaient des nouveaux utilisateurs de OAC et catégorisé ceux-ci selon le OAC utilisé ainsi que sa dose. L’entrée dans la cohorte était la première dispensation de OAC durant la période d’étude alors qu’un nouvel utilisateur a été défini par l’absence de dispensation de OAC un an avant cette date. Nous avons évalué l’incidence de MB, des saignements gastrointestinaux (GIB), extracrânien non-gastrointestinaux (NGIB) et intracrâniens (ICH) dans l’année de suivi. Nous avons utilisé la régression logistique-LASSO et logistique-LASSO adaptative pour la sélection des prédicteurs potentiels de MB dont l’âge, le sexe, les comorbidités (jusqu’à 3 ans avant l’entrée dans la cohorte) et l’utilisation concomitante de médicaments (jusqu’à 2 semaines avant l’entrée dans la cohorte). La discrimination et la calibration ont été évaluées afin de sélectionner le meilleur modèle. Des analyses de sous-groupe ont été effectuées pour le GIB et NGIB ainsi que les sous-catégories de OAC. Résultats. Notre cohorte comprenait 36,381 nouveaux utilisateurs de OAC entre 70 et 86 ans. Les prédicteurs importants, dont l’âge, l’historique de MB et l’insuffisance hépatique, avaient des rapports de cotes de 1.37 à 1.64 pour le modèle global. Celui-ci avait une statistique c de 0.63 (95% CI 0.60-0.65), était calibré et performaient similairement pour le GIB et le NGIB. À l’exception de quelques prédicteurs importants, dont l’âge et l’historique de MB, la plupart des prédicteurs sélectionnées du GIB étaient distincts de ceux du NGIB dans la cohorte totale. Les prédicteurs de MB avaient des tendances similaires pour les DOACs et la warfarine. Conclusion. Les prédicteurs de MB et de leurs sous-types étaient similaires parmi les utilisateurs de DOAC et de warfarine. Les prédicteurs sélectionnées par nos modèles et leur potentiel discriminatif concordaient avec la littérature publiée. / Background: The real-world predictors of major bleeding (MB) and its subtypes has not been well-studied in a population of oral anticoagulant (OAC) users diagnosed with atrial fibrillation (AF) that includes direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) users. Objectives: To derive prediction models for MB and its most prevalent subtypes from a dataset of new users of all approved OACs with AF. Methods: We identified patients who were hospitalized and discharged in the community from January 2011 to December 2017 with a primary and secondary diagnosis of AF using the Med-Echo hospitalization database and the RAMQ administrative databases. From this subset, we identified new users of OACs, after which we categorized patients according to OAC type and dose. Cohort entry was defined as the first claim of OAC in the study period, while new users were defined by the absence of any OAC claim one year before cohort entry. We identified incident MB, gastrointestinal (GIB), non-GI extracranial bleeding (NGIB) and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) within 1 year of follow-up. We used logistic-LASSO and logistic-adaptive LASSO regressions to identify MB predictors in this population from the following candidate predictors: age, sex, comorbidities (within 3 years before cohort entry), concomitant medication (within 2 weeks before cohort entry). Discrimination and calibration were assessed so that the best model could be selected. Subgroup analyses were performed for MB subtypes and OAC types. Results: Our cohort consisted of 36,381 oral anticoagulant new users aged 70-86 years old. The important MB predictors were age, prior MB and liver disease with ORs ranging from 1.37-1.64 for the model derived from the full cohort. It had a c-statistic of 0.63 (95% CI 0.60-0.65) with adequate calibration and similar c-statistics for GIB and NGIB. Except for a few important predictors, such as age and prior MB, most selected GIB predictors were distinct from those of NGIB in the full cohort. Lastly, MB predictors had similar trends for warfarin and DOACs. Conclusions: MB and MB subtype predictors were similar among DOAC and warfarin users. The predictors selected by our models and their discriminative potential are concordant with published data.

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to estimate the long-term cost-effectiveness of stroke prevention in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) in the United States using new anticoagulant therapies - dabigatran 150 mg, apixaban 5 mg, and rivaroxaban 20 mg - as well as the standard treatment, warfarin. Methods: A Markov decision-analysis model was constructed using data from clinical trials that evaluated the new oral anticoagulants relative to warfarin (apixaban 5 mg & ARISTOTLE, dabigatran 150 mg & RE-LY, and rivaroxaban 20 mg & ROCKET-AF) to compare the lifetime cost and quality-adjusted life expectancy. The Markov model target population was a hypothetical cohort of 70-year old patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, an increased risk for stroke (CHADS₂ ≥ 1, or equivalent), a renal creatinine clearance (CrCl) of 50 or above, and no contraindication to anticoagulant therapy. Using pair-wise comparisons of each therapy, analyses were conducted to evaluate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), net monetary benefits (NMBs), lifetime costs, life-years, and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Results: In the base case, warfarin had the lowest cost of $71,857 (95% confidence interval [CI]: $68,730, $77,452), followed by rivaroxaban 20 mg ($74,023; 95% CI: $70,943, $77,307), dabigatran 150 mg ($78,584; 95% CI: $75,277, $81,968), and apixaban 5 mg ($81,180; 95% CI: $78,642, $83,756). Apixaban 5 mg also yielded the highest QALY estimate, 8.63 (95% CI: 8.52, 8.72), followed by dabigatran 150 mg (8.55; 95% CI: 8.43, 8.67), rivaroxaban 20 mg (8.42; 95% CI: 8.31, 8.54), and warfarin (8.17; 95% CI: 8.1, 8.24). In a Monte Carlo probabilistic sensitivity analysis, apixaban 5 mg, dabigatran 150 mg, rivaroxaban 20 mg, and warfarin were cost effective in 45%, 37%, 19%, 0%, respectively, of the simulations using a willingness-to pay threshold of $50,000 per QALY gained. From the one-way sensitivity analyses, new anticoagulant (apixaban 5 mg, dabigatran 150 mg, rivaroxaban 20 mg) costs and probabilities associated with intracranial hemorrhage and stroke for patients receiving rivaroxaban 20 mg were identified as significant influential variables impacting model results. Conclusion: In patients with NVAF and an increased risk of stroke prophylaxis, apixaban 5 mg, dabigatran 150 mg, and rivaroxaban 20 mg may all be cost-effective alternatives to warfarin depending on pricing in the United States and neurologic events for rivaroxaban 20 mg.

Chemoenzymatically synthesized low molecular weight lignin polymers have been previously found to be potent inhibitors of a number of serine proteases via allosteric mechanisms targeting heparin binding sites. Herein, we describe the creation of synthetic sulfated β-O4 lignin (SbO4L) polymer, which is more homogenous compared to previous lignins with respect to its inter-monomeric linkage. SbO4L is a selective inhibitor of thrombin and plasmin. SbO4L was found to act via a unique mechanism targeting thrombin exosite 2 in a manner similar to platelet glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα). Advanced hemostasis and thrombosis assays demonstrated that SbO4L acts via a dual mechanism: as an anticoagulant, by allosteric inhibition of thrombin catalysis; and as an antiplatelet agent, by competing with platelet GPIbα. These mechanisms are comparable in potency to low molecular weight heparins currently used in the market, indicating that targeting exosite 2 may yield clinically useful drugs in the future. Since the β-O4 type lignin was found to be selective for thrombin and plasmin, we hypothesized that other scaffolds from lignins could be potent inhibitors of other serine proteases. In particular, we screened a library of synthetic sulfated small molecules against factor XIa – an emerging target for prophylactic anticoagulation. Our search identified a sulfated benzofuran trimer (a mimic of β-5 type linkage found in lignins) as a potent inhibitor of factor XIa. Surprisingly, this inhibitor did not compete with heparin. A plausible binding site in the A3 domain of factor XIa was proposed by using molecular modeling techniques. The binding pose demonstrated good correlation with the structure activity data from in vitro studies. Further confirmation that the apple domains were required was proved by testing the trimer against recombinant catalytic domain. A 40-fold decrease in activity was observed. A temperature-dependant perrin plot demonstrated that factor XIa undergoes a large conformational change in the presence of the trimer, which is possibly converting the enzyme back into the zymogen-like shape. In general, the synthetic sulfated lignins can act as a useful foundation to develop anticoagulant, antiplatelet, and anti-inflammatory molecules in the future.

The occurrence of thrombosis in several pathophysiological conditions creates a huge need for anticoagulation therapy. Thrombin and factor Xa have been prime targets for regulation of clotting through the direct and indirect mechanism of inhibition. This work investigates chemo-enzymatically prepared oligomers of 4-hydroxycinnamic acids (DHPs) as potential anticoagulants. Oligomers were prepared through peroxidase-catalyzed oxidative coupling of 4-hydroxycinnamic acids. The products resulting from this reaction are called CDs, FDs and SDs. Structurally, these sulfated DHPs are unique and do not resemble any of the anticoagulants known in the literature.DHP oligomers were found to increase clotting times at concentrations comparable to heparin. Studies in blood and plasma show that DHPs possess an anticoagulation profile similar to enoxaparin. To understand the mechanism of action of DHPs, we studied the inhibition of thrombin, FXa, FIXa, and FVIIa in the presence and absence of antithrombin. CDs and FDs display a preference for direct inhibition of thrombin and FXa, and exhibit a high level of specificity over FIXa and FVIIa. In the presence of AT, CDs and FDs displayed weaker inhibition of FXa and thrombin suggesting that binding to AT is a competitive side reaction. SDs exhibited potent inhibition of FXa and thrombin in the absence of antithrombin, but was inactive against FIXa and FVIIa representing the best selectivity among the DHPs. For SDs, inhibition of all the pro-coagulant enzymes favored the antithrombin dependent pathway. Binding studies were performed to determine how CDs directly inhibits thrombin. Competitive binding studies suggest that CDs interacts with exosite II and disrupts the catalytic triad of thrombin. These results indicate that the preferred mechanism of CDs action is exosite II mediated allosteric disruption of thrombin. CDs appears to be the first exosite II mediated DTI and this represents a novel mechanism of inhibitor function. The inhibition characteristics of DHPs are unique and radically different in structure from all the current clinically used anticoagulants. To the best of our knowledge this dual mechanism of anticoagulation and unique binding mode has not been described as yet in literature and represents a novel strategy that our laboratory has discovered.

Le traitement AVK concerne plus d’1% de la population française. Il représente un problème de santé publique majeur en raison de son importante iatrogénie. Les causes peuvent être notamment reliées à la complexité du parcours de soins des patients, à leurs erreurs, méconnaissances et incompréhensions. L’éducation thérapeutique (ETP) permettrait de contribuer à rendre ce patient autogestionnaire de ses propres risques. Cette recherche qualitative vise à proposer un modèle d’ETP en en identifiant les compétences d’auto-soins et d’adaptation à la maladie et en en précisant le programme, les méthodes pédagogiques et d’évaluation. Le protocole de recherche comporte une revue de la littérature sur les connaissances des patients, des entretiens de type semi-directifs de patients traités par AVK et de soignants-éducateurs, et enfin des entretiens avec un groupe d’experts. Trente-six entretiens associés à une revue extensive de la littérature ont permis d’élaborer un référentiel de huit compétences. Vingt-et-un objectifs pédagogiques découlent de ces compétences. Les principales difficultés des patients concernaient la mise en lien des concepts constitutifs du paradigme du traitement par AVK. Les huit compétences du référentiel correspondent à la gestion intelligible et sans danger d’un traitement anticoagulant. Les différents types de soignants-éducateurs envisagés pour ce modèle d’ETP se retrouvent dans le parcours de soins habituel des patients. Notre modèle pédagogique se veut applicable à différents contextes de soins. Les propositions tentent de répondre à la problématique de l’intelligibilité du traitement AVK et de rendre accessible aux patients l’éducation thérapeutique. / The VKA treatment concerns more than 1% of the french population. It represents a major public health problem beacause of its consirable drug related iatrogny....

Os progestagênios isolados são contraceptivos indicados que em trombofílicas e/ou com passado de tromboembolismo venoso (TEV). Algumas dessas mulheres, também utilizam anticoagulantes orais (ATCO) o que pode implicar em alterações no padrão de sangramento menstrual associado ao uso de progestagênios isolados. Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos do uso de ATCO no padrão de sangramento associado ao sistema intrauterino liberador de levonorgestrel (SIU-LNG) em mulheres trombofílicas e/ou com passado de TEV . Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte prospectiva que dividiu as mulheres trombofílicas e/ou com passado de TEV em dois grupos, usuárias de ATCO e não-usuárias de ATCO. Padrão de sangramento, peso, índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e circunferência abdominal foram comparados entre os grupos antes, 6 e 12 meses após a inserção do SIU-LNG. Resultados: Foram incluídas 33 mulheres, entre 18 e 45 anos, 16 usuárias de ATCO e 17 não-usuárias. Houve aumento de 3,9% do peso e 3,8% do IMC em das usuárias de ATCO após 12 meses da inserção do SIU-LNG (p<0,01). Houve aumento de hemoglobina e hematócrito em ambos os grupos. Não se observou diferença entre o padrão de sangramento de ambos os grupos, sendo a amenorréia o padrão mais frequente nos dois grupos (41,2% em ambos) 12 meses após a inserção do SIU-LNG. Utilizar ATCO não aumentou a freqüência e a duranção de sangramento genital. Conclusão: As usuárias e não-usuárias de ATCO tiveram padrão de sangramento semelhante após a inserção do SIU-LNG. Os níveis de hemoglobina e hematócrito aumentaram em ambos os grupos / Background: Progestogen-only contraceptives (POCs) are suitable for women with thrombophilia and/or a history of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Several of these women, however, use oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT), which can impair the bleeding pattern associated with POC use. We evaluated the effects of OAT use on the bleeding pattern associated with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) in women with thrombophilia and/or a history of VTE. Study Design: This prospective cohort study followed 2 groups of women, all of whom were thrombophilic and/or had a history of VTE: OAT users and non-users. Bleeding patterns, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), weight, complete blood count and waist circumference were compared between the 2 groups before and 6 and 12 months after LNG-IUS insertion. Results: The patient cohort consisted of 33 women aged 18 to 45 years old, including 16 OAT users and 17 non-users. Body weight increased by 3.9% and BMI by 3.8% in OAT users 12 months after LNG-IUS insertion (p< 0,01). Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels increased by approximately 10% in both groups. There was no difference between the groups in bleeding patterns, with amenorrhea being the most frequent pattern in both groups (41.2% each) 12 months after LNG-IUS insertion. OAT did not increase the frequency of prolonged and/or frequent bleeding. Conclusion: OAT users and non-users had similar bleeding patterns after insertion of the LNG-IUS. Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels increased in both groups

Introduction: Warfarin is the most commonly prescribed drug for stroke prevention among Atrial Fibrillation (AF) patients, especially in older adult populations, but medication nonadherence reduces its effectiveness in clinical practice. Group Based Trajectory Models (GBTM) have been used to identify distinct patterns of adherence behavior related to various medications and understand the patient characteristics associated with each trajectory. The objectives of the study were: 1) Describe trajectories of warfarin adherence among Medicare AF patients, 2) Assess impact of adherence trajectories on AF-related hospitalization, 3) Estimate the AF-related direct costs for each adherence trajectory group. Methods: We identified elderly AF patients initiating warfarin treatment during 2008-2010 using data from a random sample of Medicare beneficiaries. The study’s first aim is to classify patients into different trajectory groups based on their monthly adherence patterns using a Group-Based Trajectory Model (GBTM). A multinomial regression model was used to assess associations between baseline characteristics and adherence trajectories. The second aim is to evaluate the association between adherence trajectories and time to first hospitalization related to stroke or bleeding event. Hospitalization events due to bleeding or stroke were identified using corresponding ICD-9 codes, and a Cox proportional hazard model was performed. The third aim of the study is to calculate AF-related direct medical costs associated with each trajectory group. SASv9.4 was used for analysis. Results: Among 3,246 beneficiaries who met inclusion criteria, six adherence trajectories were identified: 1) rapid-decline non-adherence group (11.5%), 2) moderate non-adherence group (24%), 3) rapid-decline then increasing adherence group (6.8%), 4) moderate-decline non-adherence group (8.2%), 5) slow-decline non-adherence group (24.3%), and 6) perfect adherence group (25.3%). Even though no statistical significances were found in the hazard of hospitalization among the adherence groups, there were higher odds of hospitalization among the lower adherence groups compared to perfect adherence group. Outpatient and monitoring costs were significantly higher in the lower adherence trajectories compared to perfect adherence group. Conclusion:The GBTM is considered an innovative methodological approach that can be applied to longitudinal medication adherence data and account for the dynamic nature of adherence behavior in a better way than traditional adherence measures.

Background: Vitamin-K antagonists (VKA) are a class of oral anticoagulant medications used to prevent blood clots. The anticoagulant intensity of VKAs is measured with a blood test known as the International Normalized Ratio (INR). Traditionally, international guidelines have recommended INR tests every 4 weeks for all patients. However, adherence to these guidelines has never been investigated in real world settings. The objectives of this study were to describe adherence to INR testing in Saskatchewan among patients receiving VKA medications, and to identify predictors of optimal adherence. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of VKA users in Saskatchewan captured in the administrative data between 2003 and 2010. Physician claims for anticoagulation monitoring were used as a proxy for INR testing. Adherence to INR testing was measured using the Continuous, Multiple-Interval Measure of Medication Gaps (CMG). Individuals were considered adherent if adherence by the CMG was at least 80%. Hierarchical (random effects) logistic regression models were developed to identify important predictors of optimal INR monitoring. Individual physician identification was considered a random effect in these models. The dependent variable was the achievement of optimal adherence, defined as ≥80% adherence to the 4-week test interval. Results: Among 17,388 VKA users, 42% resided in rural areas and virtually all (99%) were monitored by a general practitioner. During a median follow-up of 514 days, 50% of patients exhibited at least 74% adherence to INR testing if a 4-week interval was used as the reference standard. However, the estimated median adherence increased dramatically to 98% when the benchmark for optimal testing was lengthened to every 12 weeks. The most prominent risk factors for poor adherence to INR monitoring appeared to be rural residence (rural vs. urban OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.47-0.64 among subjects age ≥75 years) and duration of VKA therapy (≥731 vs. 35-90 days OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.03-0.05). Discussion: Adherence to INR testing appeared to be acceptable for most VKA-treated patients in Saskatchewan. However, this data indicated that adherence might be more problematic in the subgroup of rural residents. Possible explanations include reduced access to testing facilities or the shortage of physicians in rural areas. Further research is required to understand if poor access is the underlying cause of non-adherence to INR testing in the rural population.

El producte de growth arrest-specific gene6 (GAS6) és un lligand per als receptors tirosina quinasa TYRO3, AXL i MERTK (TAM). Aquesta proteïna dependent de la vitamina K, està estructuralment relacionada amb la Proteïna S anticoagulant i ha estat implicada en diferents mecanismes de supervivència, proliferació i adhesió cel·lulars i la inhibició de l'apoptosi. El fet que el ratolí deficient en Gas6 estigués protegit en front d'episodis trombòtics demostrà la importancia del paper d'aquesta proteïna en el sistema cardiovascular. L'estructura genètica i proteica de GAS6 és altament homòloga amb la de la Proteïna S. La present tesi tenia com a objectiu determinar l'estructura d'exons i d'introns del gen GAS6 per tal d'analitzar posteriorment la presència de variants al gen que puguessin estar associades a malalties humanes.L'anàlisi bioinformàtic ens va permetre localitzar 15 exons de GAS6, determinar-ne les seqüències d'aquests i de les seves regions intròniques flanquejants en una regió que ocupa 43,5 Kb al braç llarg del cromosoma 13. Un cop obtinguda aquesta estructura es procedí a identificar la presència de variants al·lèliques mitjançant l'anàlisi amb SSCP de productes amplificats de PCR (de mostres de DNA d'un grup d'individus control) que contenien les seqüències exòniques amb les seves regions intròniques flanquejants. Aquestes anàlisis revelaren la presència de diferents variants al·lèliques que varen ser confirmades com a polimorfismes de cadena senzilla (SNP). Un primer estudi d'associació d'aquests SNP identificats mostrà que un d'aquests polimorfismes (c.834+7G>A a l'intró 8 de GAS6) presentava una diferència estadísticament significativa en la distribució al·lèlica i genotípica en el grup de pacients respecte a la població control en una població amb malaltia aterotrombòtica, sobretot en el subgrup de malaltia cerebrovascular. Posteriorment, es va realitzar la confirmació d'aquests resultats en una població amb malatia cerebrovascular molt més gran i independent de l'anterior utilitzant estudis de genotips i haplotips, i es confirmà l'associació del genotip c.834+7 AA amb la reducció del risc per a la malaltia cerebrovascular. L'anàlisi d'alguns polimorfismes coneguts dels gens PROZ i F5 i F7 de la coagulació (situats a la mateixa regió cromosòmica que GAS6) que han estat implicats en malaltia cerebrovasculat tampoc indiquen cap associació entre aquest i la malaltia ni estan en desequilibri de lligament amb cap dels polimorfismes identificats a GAS6.L'anàlisi d'haplotips indicà que aquesta associació era encara més forta quan es combinava amb altres SNP, en un haplotip específic (CACA), per a 4 polimorfismes de GAS6 (rs8191973, rs7331124, rs7323932 (c.834+7G>A), rs8191974). D'una banda, aquests resultats suggereixen un paper protector que disminueix en més de dues vegades el risc a patir un accident cerebrovascular d'origen ateroscleròtic o el que afecta a la microvasculatura de l'al·lel c.834+7A i més concretament de l'haplotip CACA de GAS6 D'altra banda, els estudis funcionals realitzats per a determinar el possible paper del polimorfisme de l'intró 8 de GAS6 no mostraren diferències en plaques aterosclerosades d'artèries coronàries respecte a artèries sense placa. Així, l'efecte observat a nivell poblacional d'aquest polimorfisme identificat podria indicar l'efecte no conegut fins ara d'aquest o d'un altre polimorfisme en desequilibri de lligament amb aquest que estaria afectant la via de GAS6 i els seus receptors tirosina quinasa. / The product of the growth arrest-specific gene 6 (GAS6), a ligand for the TYRO3,AXL, and MERTK tyrosine kinase receptors, is a vitamin K-dependent protein, structurally related to anticoagulant protein S. Gas6-deficient mice are protected against thrombosis, demonstrating the importance of this protein in the cardiovascular system.The present thesis was aimed at determining the human GAS6 intron-exon structure and analyzing the gene for the presence of allelic variants that could be associated with human diseases. Online analyses allowed us to localize 15 GAS6 exons and to determine the sequence of their intron-flanking regions, in a chromosome 13 region spanning 43.5 kb of DNA. SSCP analysis of PCR-amplified GAS6 exons with their intron-flanking regions from control DNA samples, revealed the presence of different variants, which were confirmed to be single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A preliminary analysis of these SNPs in a group of patients with atherothrombotic disease revealed statistically significant differences between controls and stroke patients in the allelic distributions of one of these variants (c.834+7G>A in intron 8). We confirmed these results in a larger and independent stroke population using genotype and haplotype studies: the GAS6 c.834+7AA genotype was found associated with decreased risk for stroke (OR:0.59; 95%CI:0.37-0.93). Furthermore, haplotype analysis revealed that association was even stronger (OR:0.48;95%CI:0.28-0.83, for ischemic stroke) when the c.834+7 A allele was present in a specific haplotype (CACA) of four GAS6 polymorphisms (rs8191973, rs7331124, rs7323932, rs8191974).These results suggest a protective role for stroke of this haplotype.