The purpose of this study was to determine if aphasic patients have significantly more correct answers for telegraphically written material when compared to normally written material. Twenty subjects from the greater Portland metropolitan area were selected to be included in this study. The ages or the subjects ranged from forty-two through sixty-five years with a mean of fifty-four years. The test material consisted of two paragraphs controlled for fourth grade grammar and vocabulary and two paragraphs controlled for sixth grade grammar and vocabulary. A normally written and a telegraphically written paragraph were used for each of the four paragraphs for a total of eight test paragraphs. The results or this study revealed no statistically significant difference for the magnitude of correct answers for the telegraphically written material; however, a significant number of subjects gave more correct answers for the telegraphic material at both the fourth and sixth grade levels. These results demonstrate that it is easier for some aphasic patients to comprehend telegraphically written material than normally written material. Therefore, telegraphically written material may be of value for patients with aphasia who are relearning to read. This type of material may also be used for recreational reading when requested by aphasic patients.

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Bakgrund  Patienter som drabbas av afasi till följd av stroke upplever svårigheter att förmedla behov och att de ej görs delaktiga, vilket riskerar leda sämre vård. Det verbala språket är en vital del i kommunikationen och social samvaro tillsammans med någon form av kommunikation är en förutsättning för relationsskapandet i vården. Vårdpersonal riskerar, ofta på grund av kunskapsbrist i kommunikation och alternativa kommunikationsvägar, att undvika patienter med afasi och fokusera samtalet kring omvårdnadsåtgärder. Detta kan leda till att patienter med afasi ges få möjligheter att uttrycka behov och göra sig hörda och möjligheten till delaktighet begränsas.   Syfte Att belysa vårdpersonalens upplevelse av patientdelaktighet i mötet med patienter med afasi till följd av stroke. Metod Studien genomfördes som en litteraturöversikt med 15 inkluderade artiklar med kvalitativ och kvantitativ design. Artiklarna är framtagna genom sökningar i databaserna Pubmed och Cinahl och daterade mellan åren 2010 och 2019. Resultat Resultatet framkommer tre kategorier som alla hade betydelse för patientdelaktighet. Dessa var; kunskap, kommunikation och relationen. I kategorin kunskap framkommer att ökad kunskap hos vårdpersonalen leder till ett ökat självförtroende som skapar större förutsättningar för patientens delaktighet i vården. Kommunikation framkommer vara det som till största delen påverkar upplevelsen av delaktighet. Med effektiv kommunikation upplevs delaktigheten öka då patienten ges möjlighet att medverka i sin vård i större utsträckning. Relationen och bemötandet i vården är beroende av vårdpersonalens attityder som kan förstärka eller minska delaktigheten. Slutsats Kommunikation var den faktor som till största delen påverkade delaktigheten. Vårdpersonal upplever att ökad kunskap och större förståelse för patienten påverkar kommunikationen med patienter med afasi positivt. Ökad kunskap bidrog även till ett ökat självförtroende vilket främjar relationsskapandet och kommunikationen. Detta främjar patientendelaktigheten och synliggör patientens bevarade förmågor, vilket stärker patientens tro på sig själv. / Background Patients suffering from aphasia as a result of stroke may have difficulty conveying needs and are at risk for poor medical outcomes. The verbal language is a vital part of communication and social interaction and some form of communication is a prerequisite for the caring relation between patient and nurse. Nurses lack knowledge of communication and alternative communication routes, which means that there are few calls initiated to communication. Nurses are there for at risk of avoiding the patient and focus the conversation around medical tasks. This can lead to patients with aphasia having few opportunities to express their health care needs and make themselves heard and their possibility to participate is severely limited. Aim The aim was to illustrate measures that promote participation between nurses and patients suffering from aphasia as a result of stroke. Method This study was conducted as a literature review with inductive design. The literature review includes 15 articles with qualitative and quantitative design. The articles were collected through searches in the databases Pubmed and Cinahl and are dated between 2010 and 2019. Results The result is presented in three categories that were all relevant for patient participation. The categories are; knowledge, communication and relationship. The knowledge category emerges that increased knowledge among healthcare professionals leads to increased self-confidence that creates greater conditions for patient participation in care. Communication appears to be, what for the most part, affects the experience of patient participation. With effective communication, patient participation is perceived to increase as the patient is given the opportunity to participate in their care to a greater extent. The relationship and response in care depend on the attitudes of health professionals that can strengthen or reduce participation. Conclusions Communication was the factor that mostly affected participation. Healthcare professionals feel that increased knowledge and greater understanding of the patient affects communication with patients with aphasia positively. Increased knowledge also contributed to increased self-confidence, which encourage communication and the ability to establish a relationship. This promotes patient participation and makes the patient's preserved abilities visible, which strengthens the patient's belief in themselves.

Bakgrund  I Sverige drabbas cirka 20 000 personer av stroke varje år, som kan medföra olika komplikationer varav en av dem är afasi. Personer som drabbas av afasi till följd av stroke upplever språkliga svårigheter vilket kan leda till en försvårad kommunikation i mötet med vårdpersonal. Detta kan innebära att personen via konversation ej kan i samma grad förmedla viktig information såsom individuella behov och samtycke till omvårdnad och behandling. Denna komplikation skapar en utmaning för hälso- och sjukvården då vårdpersonal har ett ansvar över att kunna adekvat kommunicera med patienter.  Syfte Syftet var att beskriva hinder samt strategier vid kommunikation inom hälso- och sjukvård med patienter som har afasi relaterat till stroke.  Metod Studien genomfördes som en icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt med integrerad analys. Femton artiklar inkluderades med kvalitativ, kvantitativ samt mixad metod. Artiklarna framtogs genom sökningar i forskningsdatabaserna PubMed och CINAHL Complete daterade mellan åren 2010 och 2020.  Resultat  Resultatet presenterades utifrån två huvudkategorier. Dessa huvudkategorier var strategier och hinder vid kommunikation utifrån vårdpersonalens perspektiv samt strategier och hinder vid kommunikation utifrån patientens perspektiv. I kategorin strategier och hinder vid kommunikation utifrån vårdpersonalens perspektiv framkommer att kunskap, utbildning, förhållningssätt samt tid som en resurs medfört positiva resultat för kommunikationen med patienter med afasi och att avsaknad av dessa faktorer samt brist på tid innebar omfattande hinder för kommunikationen. Under strategier och hinder vid kommunikation utifrån patientens perspektiv beskrivs hur faktorer som upplevda känslor, kommunikationspartner och kommunikationsstrategier påverkar samtalet till antingen framgång eller misslyckande.  Slutsats  Resultatet tyder på att hänsyn till patientens känslor, engagemang, tid, kunskap och ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt hos vårdpersonal är viktiga faktorer i förhållande till kommunikation med patienter med afasi samt att utbildning och träning för vårdpersonal inom detta kunskapsområde är av stor betydelse. / Background In Sweden, approximately 20 000 people suffer from stroke each year, which may cause various complications like aphasia. People who suffer from aphasia as a result of stroke experience linguistic difficulties, which may lead to difficulties in communication with healthcare professionals. This may result in that the person cannot, through conversation, convey important information such as individual needs and consent to nursing and treatment. This complication creates a challenge for healthcare, as healthcare professionals have a responsibility to be able to communicate adequately with patients.  Aim  The aim was to describe barriers and strategies in communication within healthcare with patients with aphasia related to stroke.  Method The study was conducted as a non-systematic literature review with integrated analysis. Fifteen articles were included with qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method design. The articles were collected through searches in the research databases PubMed and CINAHL Complete dated between the years 2010 and 2020.  Results  The result was presented from two main categories. These categories were strategies and barriers in communication from the healthcare professional’s perspective and strategies and barriers in communication from the patient’s perspective. The category strategies and barriers in communication from the healthcare professional’s perspective reveals that knowledge, education, approach and time as a resource brought positive results for the communication with patient’s with aphasia, and that lack of these factors as well as lack of time meant extensive barriers for the communication. Under strategies and barriers in communication from the patient’s perspective it is revealed that factors such as perceived emotions, communication partner and communication strategies affect the conversation to either success or failure.  Conclusions  The result indicates that regard of the patient’s feelings, commitment, time, knowledge and a person centered approach with healthcare professionals are important factors related to communication with persons with aphasia along with the great importance of education and training for healthcare professionals in this knowledge area.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching dialogic reading (DR) strategies to patients with aphasia (PWA) as measured by DR strategy use during virtual training sessions. The secondary purpose was to improve psychosocial factors, including communicative participation, perceived stress, and confidence. A single subject multiple baseline across behaviors research design was employed via a telehealth model to examine a training program in DR strategies on expressive linguistic abilities and aspects of quality of life (QoL) in a PWA. Treatment was given four to five times a week and the session length varied based on the participant. Based on visual analysis of graphical representation of the data, it was determined that a functional relation existed between teaching the DR strategies and the PWA implementation through the training sessions for three out of the four strategies. These results provide preliminary evidence that a PWA has the necessary skills to implement DR strategies in the future. Researchers should strive towards including a child into future studies to create a more real-life situation.