Fréquemment, des usagers se retrouvent confrontés à des espaces-transitoires tels que les couloirs de gares. Ces derniers présentent souvent des contraintes temporelles et spatiales qu’il serait possible de transformer en outil optimalisant l’usage. Nous avons voulu vérifier cette hypothèse en observant le degré d’adéquation entre l’offre (les aménagements) et la demande (les usages réels) dans le cas précis de la gare du midi à Bruxelles, Belgique. Nous avons récolté des indices spatiaux, temporels et comportementaux qui nous ont permis d’identifier les conditions de l’usage et, au moyen d’observations directes, de comprendre les usages réellement pratiqués. Afin de documenter le rapport entre usager et espace-temps, nous avons établit une typologie des usages qui met en évidence des figures d’interactions possibles entre ces deux composantes. Nos résultats nous ont permis d’élaborer une conclusion sous la forme d’un modèle nommé « triangle des interrelations » dans le but d’offrir un outil permettant aux professionnels d’anticiper au mieux l’impact des aménagements. / Users are frequently facing transitory spaces, such as station corridors, that are often constrained temporally and spatially, while they could be better adapted to their use. To check this hypothesis, we observe the adequacy between the offer (the space arrangement) and the demand (the real uses) in the context of the Belgian Brussels South Station. We have collected spatial, temporal and behavioral clues that conducted us to characterise conditions of use. Moreover, by the mean of direct observations, we understood the uses as they are really practised. Aiming to illustrate the relation between users and space-time, we have developed a typology of the usages that exhibits possible interaction patterns between these two variables. As a conclusion of our results, we draw up a model named “interrelations triangle” that allow professionals to better understand the incidence of their space arrangements.

The advent of digital typography has seen the printed letter permeate many aspects of our world, due to its function as the visual manifestation of verbal language. However, few scientific researchers have paid attention to these innocuous and ubiquitous characters. Furthermore, existing typeface research has generally been divided into two strands: For nearly ninety years, communicators (writing, marketing, business, and design professionals) have made attempts to investigate how typefaces of different classes and styles might indicate different personalities to the viewer, and explored the notion of typeface appropriateness. More recently, psychologists have taken advantage of word processing software to manipulate perceptual fluency by changing the fonts of different documents, finding several interesting effects. In this study, two experiments were conducted, with the aim of acknowledging and synthesizing both lines of inquiry. In Experiment 1, a restaurant menu was printed with either an easy-to-read, fluent font or a difficult-to-read, disfluent font. It was expected that reading the disfluent font would influence participants’ (n = 110) choices from the menu as well as certain judgments about the dishes. However, there was only one significant effect, whereby participants who read the disfluent font expected to enjoy their chosen dessert less than those who read the fluent font. In Experiment 2, participants (n = 94) judged a person of the opposite sex using the Big Five Inventory, a measure of human personality. The target photograph was paired with a name set in one of two fonts (familiar and unfamiliar). Female participants rated the target higher on the factor of Openness when the name was printed in the novel font. The results of the current study indicate that to some extent, document designers may safely continue selecting typefaces through intuition, and do not necessarily need the supplementation of additional empirical research.

The problem with which this study was concerned was that of determining which of the "Goals for Public School Education in Texas" were perceived as appropriate by local educators and students in smaller school districts and to determine the degree to which each of these goals was being implemented. This study had a two-fold purpose. The first was to compare the differences between appropriateness and implementation as perceived by senior students, teachers, administrators, and the composite group. A comparison between the three groups regarding both appropriateness and implementation was also made. The second purpose of the study was to determine if sex, ethnic background, and geographic location were factors when comparing perceptions concerning the appropriateness and implementation of the "Goals for Public School Education in Texas." The comparison between students, teachers, and administrators revealed a significant difference between the groups on each, of the eighteen goals regarding appropriateness. With regard to implementation, there was a significant difference between groups on eight of the goals. Differences were generally between students and teachers and students and administrators. The comparison between male and female students revealed that the female students perceived the goals to be more appropriate than did the male students. There were no significant differences between their perceptions regarding implementation. There were significant differences between Anglos, Blacks, and Mexican Americans on ten of the eighteen goals with regard to appropriateness and on three of the eighteen goals regarding implementation. Generally the Anglos perceived the goals to be more appropriate than the other two groups. Geographically there were significant differences between the regions regarding both appropriateness and implementation. Differences varied regarding perceived appropriateness. Central Texas generally perceived implementation higher than the other regions and West Texas generally perceived implementation lower.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-04-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:57:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vasconcelos_acca_me_mar.pdf: 339426 bytes, checksum: de71b89a5cc393fdb9681e4204921bb8 (MD5) / O presente estudo tem como objetivo principal analisar as dimensões da proposta oficial de reforço escolar e estudos de recuperação de aprendizagem, no município de Araçatuba-SP, envolvendo o processo de formulação e os elementos que compõem a implementação desta proposta em escolas do ensino fundamental. Os estudos de recuperação e reforço foram instituídos pela Lei Federal 5.692/71 e sofrem diversas alterações e adaptações ao longo das décadas de 1980 e 1990. Com o processo de municipalização do ensino, desencadeado a partir da EC nº 14/96 e da LDB 9.394/96, esses estudos são de responsabilidade das respectivas redes municipais. O Projeto de Reforço e Recuperação, o PRR, é uma ação da Secretaria Municipal de Educação, regulamentada, então, por uma resolução própria, voltada para o atendimento de todos os alunos das primeiras séries do ensino fundamental que apresentam defasagens no processo de aprendizagem. Ao optar por uma abordagem qualitativa, investigou-se duas escolas de ensino fundamental desta rede, focalizando o funcionamento do reforço e da recuperação em diferentes realidades. Foi constatado um claro processo de ressignificação e apropriação da proposta oficial, que reelabora o discurso normativo, realizando adaptações em função do contexto particular de cada unidade escolar investigada. Cada escola realiza essa leitura em função de vários aspectos, dentre eles a sua própria organização; a maneira como são encaminhadas as ações pelos seus integrantes, no contexto escolar; e a relação entre a administração central e local. / The aim of this essay is to analyze the dimensions of the official proposal of school’s reinforcement and learning recuperation studies, in the city of Araçatuba-SP, involving the process of formulation and the elements that constitute an implementation of that proposal in regular schools. The recuperation and reinforcement studies were instituted by Federal Law 5.692/71 and have been changed and adapted through the decades of 1980 and 1990. With the process of municipalization of education, due the LDB 9.394/96, these studies are the municipal educational system total responsibility. The Reinforcement and Recuperation Project, PRR, is an action of the Municipal Educational System, regulated by its own resolution, with the goal of attending all the students of the first years of elementary school that show difficulty in the learning process. Through a qualitative approach, two municipal elementary schools have been investigated, to show how the reinforcement and the recuperation work in different realities. A clear process of significance and appropriation of the official proposal was stated, which rebuilds the normative speech, getting adapted by the private context of each particular unit of the investigated school. Each school understands the process by several features among them, its own organization, how the school members interact within the scholar context and regarding to local and central administration.

Introduction : L’amélioration de la pertinence des soins est une priorité nationale. À l’hôpital, elle peut s’appuyer sur la mesure d’indicateurs. L’objectif était de : (i) définir le cadre méthodologique et les enjeux liés au développement, à la validation et à la diffusion d’indicateurs ; (ii) construire une démarche de développement, validation et diffusion d’indicateurs de pertinence des prescriptions d’anticoagulants oraux (ACO) automatisés. Méthodes : La définition du cadre méthodologique et des enjeux a été réalisée à partir de synthèses de la littérature et de travaux exploratoires. La démarche appliquée aux indicateurs d’ACO reposait sur : (i) une revue de littérature pour définir des indicateurs à partir de recommandations européennes ; (ii) un consensus d’experts pour sélectionner des indicateurs utiles et opérationnels ; (iii) le développement prospectif de techniques de recherche de l’information pour construire les indicateurs ; (iv) une étude transversale pour évaluer les performances métrologiques des indicateurs. Résultats : Le cadre méthodologique et les enjeux ont été définis. La démarche appliquée aux indicateurs d’ACO a permis : (i) la définition de 19 indicateurs ; (ii) la sélection de 16 indicateurs utiles et opérationnels ; (iii) le développement de techniques pour construire les indicateurs via un entrepôt de données ; (iv) la proposition de méthodes pour évaluer les performances métrologiques des indicateurs en comparaison à un test de référence. Conclusion : Ces travaux apportent des outils pour développer, valider et diffuser des indicateurs. Les indicateurs les plus performants pourront être utilisés par des établissements de santé européens. / Introduction: Improvement of the appropriateness of care is a national priority. In hospitals, it can rely on the measurement of indicators. The objective was to: (i) define the methodological framework and challenges related to the development, validation and feedback of indicators; (ii) implement an approach for the development, validation and feedback of automated indicators of the appropriateness of oral anticoagulant (OA) prescriptions. Methods: Definition of the methodological framework and challenges has been performed through syntheses of literature data and exploratory works. The approach applied to indicators on OA prescriptions was based on: (i) a literature review to define indicators from European guidelines; (ii) a consensus of experts to select useful and operational indicators; (iii) the prospective development of data search techniques for retrieving information aimed at implementing indicators; (iv) a cross-sectional study to assess the ability of indicators to detect inappropriate OA prescriptions. Results: The methodological framework and challenges have been defined. The approach applied to indicators on OA prescriptions allowed: (i) defining 19 indicators; (ii) selecting 16 useful and operational indicators; (iii) developing techniques for implementing indicators from a data warehouse; (iv) developing methods for assessing the ability of tools to detect inappropriate OA prescriptions in comparison to a reference test. Conclusion: This work provides tools to develop, validate and convey indicators. The most performant indicators to detect inappropriate OA prescriptions may be used by European healthcare institutions.

This thesis explores the experiences of an educational project manager/team leader, and at some point job-seeker, mostly in foreign countries. The focus lies, in conclusion, on developing awareness of everyday politics, brought about mainly by a significant change in the understanding of three closely related concepts: culture, language and identity. The understanding of culture developed into a notion of culture of groups - part of complex networks of other groups - simultaneously formed by and forming interdependent people who are interrelating according to evolving/emerging, explicit/implicit customs, norms, values and ethics. The exploration of language revealed patterns of conversation, common to specific groups, allowing co-creation of significant symbols, of which appropriate use enabled communication, establishment and mutual recognition. Identity became recognised as a social construct - dynamically adapting to specific local circumstances (groups), to social acts, which it forms and is formed by at the same time. In researcher's management practice and career-coaching-trajectory rather abstract and idealised text and talk describing people and/in organisations was encountered frequently, seemingly aimed at reducing the inevitable uncertainty that results from the complexity of human relating. Attention is paid to ways in which people speak and write about them-selves and/at work and how this influences the experience of self and/at work, which revealed a relation between abstract and idealised conversational patterns and impacted sense of self. The career-coaching experience in particular exposed how these conversational patterns in/and the strategic construction of 'glossy' identities (of organisations and people) do not reflect everyday perception of self and/at work, as work is developed in social interaction, of which meaning is negotiated and evolves through people's differing intentions, expectations and emerging insights; through everyday politics. Becoming 'politically savvy', acquiring awareness of everyday politics, is necessary for our functioning in organisational life. The argument is that developing 'political savvy' - becoming self-conscious in complex organisational environments where strategically co-created idealised images of self, organisations and work are common practice - is increasingly taxing, as glossy identities 'airbrush' away the messiness of everyday work life. The challenge for managers is to endeavour to see beyond these images, explicit strategies and certain conversational patterns, and develop their ability to make sense - by reflecting and taking a reflexive stance - of what it is people are doing together. Taking seriously everyday experiences may provide choice, options to proceed, possibly to develop (trust in) 'political savvy', and may increase awareness of how people adapt, change and develop (in) social acts because of and despite this.

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Previous literature on the Europeanization of candidate countries has lacked careful empirical investigations into how the process drives domestic policies to change in line with the EU acquis. Selecting on the least-likely case of Turkey and its refugee and asylum policy, I identify that previous work has assumed that Turkey’s policy shifts have been driven by rationalist cost- benefit calculations of its government. The purpose of this study has been to empirically investigate and trace the mechanisms of Europeanization in the selected case, in order to thereby contribute to knowledge on the process of Europeanization in candidate countries in general, and address to the previous research gap. Given this purpose, I have aimed to produce answers to the research question: how has the EU affected Turkey’s asylum and refugee policy after the declaration of candidacy status? I hypothesize that a rationalist model driven by the EU’s conditionality can indeed explain domestic policy changes in Turkey, but also that an alternative mechanism of socialization has been at play. Tracing the process of Europeanization through secondary sources, the results show that what started with behavioral-adaptation of domestic policy change in alignment with the EU’s laws, norms and demands between 1999 and 2010, between 2011 and 2018 the Turkish asylum and refugee policies started to step away from the push power of the external incentives. Nonetheless, significant domestic policy changes continued, suggesting evidence against the rationalist conditionality model of Europeanization in this period. However, I argue that the results are not strong enough to make the claim Turkey’s domestic policy change was driven by a mechanism of socialization, but rather suggest there has been initiation of a switch between the mechanisms.