O papel dos nucleotídeos da adenina na função vascular e plaquetária já está bem estabelecido. Apirase (CD39) faz parte de uma família de ecto-enzimas capazes de hidrolisar nucleosídeos di- e trifosfatados da adenosina e sua participação no sistema tromborregulador tem sido estudada. Nós utilizamos um modelo experimental in vivo de trombose arterial aguda para testar a hipótese de que a administração de apirase solúvel pode prevenir a formação de trombos. Vinte e cinco coelhos brancos Nova Zelândia foram submetidos à lesão arterial com cateter balão e, após 15 dias, a um protocolo indutor de trombose. Treze animais receberam duas administrações intravenosas de apirase solúvel (com 90 minutos de intervalo) e 12 animais foram utilizados como controle. Após 3 horas do protocolo indutor de trombose, os animais foram mortos e a taxa e área de trombose foram avaliadas. A taxa de trombose no grupo apirase foi significativamente menor que no grupo controle (69% vs. 16,7%, respectivamente, P=0,015) assim como a área de trombose (1,7 mm2 ± 4,3 vs. 21,7 mm2 ± 37,4, respectivamente, P=0,008). Nossos resultados confirmam a participação da apirase na homeostasia através de um potente efeito antitrombótico. / The role of adenine nucleotides on vascular and platelet functions has long been established. Apyrase (CD39) takes part of a family of ecto-enzymes that hydrolyze adenosine di and triphosphate and its participation on thromboregulatory system is under study. We used an in vivo experimental model of acute arterial thrombosis to test the hypothesis that administering soluble form of potato apyrase could prevent thrombus formation. Twenty five white New Zealand male rabbits suffer balloon aortic endothelium denudation and fifteen days after were submitted to a thrombosis triggering protocol with a procoagulant (Russel’s viper venom) and epinephrine. After the thrombosis triggering protocol 13 animals received two soluble apyrase administration (with 90 minutes interval) and 12 animals that received no treatment were used as controls. Three hours after the triggering protocol, the animals were killed and the rate and area of arterial thrombosis were analyzed. The rate of thrombosis in the apyrase group was significantly lower than the control group (69% vs. 16,7%, respectively, P= 0,015) as well as the area of thrombosis (1,7 mm2 ± 4,3 vs. 21,7 mm2 ± 37,4, respectively, P=0,008). Our results confirm that apyrase do participate in homeostasis through a potent antithrombotic effect.

O papel dos nucleotídeos da adenina na função vascular e plaquetária já está bem estabelecido. Apirase (CD39) faz parte de uma família de ecto-enzimas capazes de hidrolisar nucleosídeos di- e trifosfatados da adenosina e sua participação no sistema tromborregulador tem sido estudada. Nós utilizamos um modelo experimental in vivo de trombose arterial aguda para testar a hipótese de que a administração de apirase solúvel pode prevenir a formação de trombos. Vinte e cinco coelhos brancos Nova Zelândia foram submetidos à lesão arterial com cateter balão e, após 15 dias, a um protocolo indutor de trombose. Treze animais receberam duas administrações intravenosas de apirase solúvel (com 90 minutos de intervalo) e 12 animais foram utilizados como controle. Após 3 horas do protocolo indutor de trombose, os animais foram mortos e a taxa e área de trombose foram avaliadas. A taxa de trombose no grupo apirase foi significativamente menor que no grupo controle (69% vs. 16,7%, respectivamente, P=0,015) assim como a área de trombose (1,7 mm2 ± 4,3 vs. 21,7 mm2 ± 37,4, respectivamente, P=0,008). Nossos resultados confirmam a participação da apirase na homeostasia através de um potente efeito antitrombótico. / The role of adenine nucleotides on vascular and platelet functions has long been established. Apyrase (CD39) takes part of a family of ecto-enzymes that hydrolyze adenosine di and triphosphate and its participation on thromboregulatory system is under study. We used an in vivo experimental model of acute arterial thrombosis to test the hypothesis that administering soluble form of potato apyrase could prevent thrombus formation. Twenty five white New Zealand male rabbits suffer balloon aortic endothelium denudation and fifteen days after were submitted to a thrombosis triggering protocol with a procoagulant (Russel’s viper venom) and epinephrine. After the thrombosis triggering protocol 13 animals received two soluble apyrase administration (with 90 minutes interval) and 12 animals that received no treatment were used as controls. Three hours after the triggering protocol, the animals were killed and the rate and area of arterial thrombosis were analyzed. The rate of thrombosis in the apyrase group was significantly lower than the control group (69% vs. 16,7%, respectively, P= 0,015) as well as the area of thrombosis (1,7 mm2 ± 4,3 vs. 21,7 mm2 ± 37,4, respectively, P=0,008). Our results confirm that apyrase do participate in homeostasis through a potent antithrombotic effect.

ABCA1 is a key plasma membrane protein required for the efflux of cellular cholesterol to extracellular acceptors, particularly to apoA-I. This process is essential to maintain cholesterol homeostasis in the body. The detailed molecular mechanisms, however, are still insufficiently understood. Also, the molecular identity of ABCA1, i.e. channel, pump or flippase, remains unknown. In this study we analyzed the extracellular ATP levels in the medium of ABCA1-expressing BHK cells and RAW macrophages and compared them to the medium of relevant non-expressing cells. We found that the extracellular ATP concentrations are significantly elevated when cells express ABCA1. Importantly, a dysfunctional ABCA1 mutant (A937V), when expressed similarly as WT-ABCA1, is unable to raise extracellular ATP concentration. This suggests a causal relationship between functional ABCA1 and elevated extracellular ATP. To explore the physiological role of elevated extracellular ATP, we analyzed ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux under the conditions where extracellular ATP levels were modulated. We found that increasing extracellular ATP within the physiological range, i.e. < μM, promotes cholesterol efflux to apoA-I. On the other hand, removing extracellular ATP, either by adding apyrase to the medium or by expressing a plasma membrane bound ecto-nucleotidase CD39, abolishes cholesterol efflux to apoA-I. Based on these results we conclude that, through direct or indirect mechanisms, ABCA1 functions to raise ATP levels in the medium. This elevated extracellular ATP is required for ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux to apoA-I.

Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung neuer chemischer Sonden zur Überwachung der Aktivität von ASM sowohl in vitro als auch in vivo. Darüber hinaus wurde auch die Optimierung der angegebenen Sonden (besser: bereits publizierter Sonden) durchgeführt. Im ersten Teil dieser Studie wurden zwei Eu-Komplexe ausgehend von handelsüblicher Chelidaminsäure synthetisiert und führten zu einer guten Ausbeute mit hoher Reinheit. Die synthetisierten Sonden 4-D+ und 5-D+ wurden zum Nachweis verschiedener Phosphate und Carboxylatspezies verwendet. Sie wurden zur Überwachung der ASM-Aktivität durch den Nachweis des enzymatisch freigesetzten Phosphorylcholins (PC) eingesetzt. Trotz der vielversprechenden Abnahme der Lumineszenz von 4-D+ als Reaktion auf das anorganische PC zusätzlich zur Simulationsreaktion zur Änderung des SM / PC-Verhältnisses wurde in allen enzymatischen homogenen und heterogenen Experimenten ein allgemeiner Löscheffekt beobachtet. Der 5-D+ Komplex könnte zur Überwachung des ATP-hydrolysierenden Apyrase-Enzyms in Echtzeit verwendet werden. Im zweiten Teil dieser Studie wurden verschiedene FRET- und monomarkierte ASM-Sonden entworfen und synthetisiert. Eine neuartige FRET-Sonde mit einem besseren 2P-anregbaren Cumarinderivat zeigte eine etwa 20% Steigerung der Cumarinintensität im Vergleich zum alten Cumarinderivat. Eine neue Generation von ASM-Sonden mit einer quaternären Ammoniumgruppe, die das natürliche Substrat nachahmt, wurde ebenfalls entworfen und synthetisiert. Alle neuen quaternären Sonden wurden als ASM-Substrate nachgewiesen und zeigten unterschiedliche kinetische Parameter. Sie zeigten höhere Umsatz-Kcat-Werte im Vergleich zur nicht quaternären Sonde. Die meisten neuen Sonden zeigten auch höhere Spezifitätskonstanten gegenüber dem ASM-Enzym. / Sphingolipids are a family of bioactive signalling molecules. Besides their role in cellular structure, sphingolipids act as key regulators of many cellular functions including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) catalyses the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin (SM) to ceramide, a metabolic hub of sphingolipid metabolism, and phosphoryl choline. Due to the lack of biochemical analytical tools, the molecular details of acid sphingomyelinase activity are still not fully discovered, and the development of pharmacological inhibitors is also hampered. The scope of this work is to develop new chemical probes for monitoring the activity of ASM both in vitro and in vivo.

Plasmodium falciparum e Toxoplasma gondii são protozoários parasitas pertencentes ao filo Apicomplexa. Apirases são enzimas metabolizadoras de nucleotídeos extracelulares. Nesta tese mostramos pela primeira vez a presença de um membro desta família de enzimas em P. falciparum, o qual foi capaz de degradar ATP extracelular. Análises por RT-qPCR revelaram a expressão da apirase durante todo o ciclo intraeritrocítico. A adição de inibidores desta classe de enzimas foi capaz de prejudicar o desenvolvimento dos parasitas e a invasão de novas hemácias pelos merozoitos, sugerindo assim um papel da apirase nestes processos. A via de sinalização por Ca2+ é universal e vital para todas as células. Para melhor entender a fisiologia celular de P. falciparum construímos uma nova linhagem de parasitas transgênicos, PfGCaMP3, que nos tornam capazes de monitorar a dinâmica de Ca2+ sem o uso de protocolos invasivos de marcação. De modo semelhante utilizamos uma nova linhagem de T. gondii expressando de forma estável o indicador de Ca2+ GCaMP3 para estudar o papel deste íon na saída da célula. T. gondii possui o Ca2+ necessário para promover este processo, entretanto Ca2+ extracelular age como um fator intensificador neste passo essencial do ciclo lítico. / Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii are protozoan parasites that belong to phylum Apicomplexa. Apirases are metabolizing enzymes of extracellular nucleotides. In this work we show for the first time the presence of an apyrase in P. falciparum, which was able to degrade extracellular ATP. RTqPCR analysis revealed the expression of apyrase throughout the intraerythrocytic cycle. Addition of apyrase inhibitors was able to impair the development of the parasites and the invasion of new erythrocytes by merozoites, thus suggesting a role of apyrase in these processes. Calcium signaling is universal and vital to all cells. To better understand the cellular physiology of P. falciparum we construct a new strain of transgenic parasites, PfGCaMP3, which enable us to monitor the Ca2+ dynamics without using invasive protocols. Similarly we use a new strain of T. gondii that stably express the Ca2+ indicator GCaMP3 to study the role Ca2+ in parasite egress. T. gondii has the Ca2+ required to promote this process, however extracellular Ca2+ acts as an enhancer factor in this crucial step of the lytic cycle.

Pyrosequencing is a DNA sequencing method based on thedetection of released pyrophosphate (PPi) during DNA synthesis.In a cascade of enzymatic reactions, visible light isgenerated, which is proportional to the number of nucleotidesincorporated into the DNA template. When dNTP(s) areincorporated into the DNA template, inorganic PPi is released.The released PPi is converted to ATP by ATP sulfurylase, whichprovides the energy to luciferase to oxidize luciferin andgenerate light. The excess of dNTP(s) and the ATP produced areremoved by the nucleotide degrading enzyme apyrase. The commercially available enzymes, isolated from nativesources, show batch-tobatch variations in activity and quality,which decrease the efficiency of the Pyrosequencing reaction.Therefore, the aim of the research presented in this thesis wasto develop methods to recombinantly produce the enzymes used inthe Pyrosequencing method. Production of the nucleotidedegrading enzyme apyrase by Pichia pastoris expression system,both in small-scale and in an optimized large-scale bioreactor,is described. ATP sulfurylase, the second enzyme in thePyrosequencing reaction, was produced inEscherichia coli. The protein was purified and utilizedin the Pyrosequencing method. Problems associated with enzymecontamination (NDP kinase) and batch-to-batch variations wereeliminated by the use of the recombinant ATP sulfurylase. As a first step towards sequencing on chip-format,SSB-(single-strand DNA binding protein)-luciferase and KlenowDNA polymerase-luciferase fusion proteins were generated inorder to immobilize the luciferase onto the DNA template. The application field for the Pyrosequencing technology wasexpanded by introduction of a new method for clone checking anda new method for template preparation prior the Pyrosequencingreaction. Keywords:apyrase, Pyrosequencing technology, Zbasictag fusion, luciferase, ATP sulfurylase, dsDNAsequencing, clone checking, Klenow-luciferase, SSB-luciferase,Pichia pastoris, Echerichia coli.

<p>Pyrosequencing is a DNA sequencing method based on thedetection of released pyrophosphate (PPi) during DNA synthesis.In a cascade of enzymatic reactions, visible light isgenerated, which is proportional to the number of nucleotidesincorporated into the DNA template. When dNTP(s) areincorporated into the DNA template, inorganic PPi is released.The released PPi is converted to ATP by ATP sulfurylase, whichprovides the energy to luciferase to oxidize luciferin andgenerate light. The excess of dNTP(s) and the ATP produced areremoved by the nucleotide degrading enzyme apyrase.</p><p>The commercially available enzymes, isolated from nativesources, show batch-tobatch variations in activity and quality,which decrease the efficiency of the Pyrosequencing reaction.Therefore, the aim of the research presented in this thesis wasto develop methods to recombinantly produce the enzymes used inthe Pyrosequencing method. Production of the nucleotidedegrading enzyme apyrase by Pichia pastoris expression system,both in small-scale and in an optimized large-scale bioreactor,is described. ATP sulfurylase, the second enzyme in thePyrosequencing reaction, was produced in<i>Escherichia coli</i>. The protein was purified and utilizedin the Pyrosequencing method. Problems associated with enzymecontamination (NDP kinase) and batch-to-batch variations wereeliminated by the use of the recombinant ATP sulfurylase.</p><p>As a first step towards sequencing on chip-format,SSB-(single-strand DNA binding protein)-luciferase and KlenowDNA polymerase-luciferase fusion proteins were generated inorder to immobilize the luciferase onto the DNA template.</p><p>The application field for the Pyrosequencing technology wasexpanded by introduction of a new method for clone checking anda new method for template preparation prior the Pyrosequencingreaction.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>apyrase, Pyrosequencing technology, Z_basictag fusion, luciferase, ATP sulfurylase, dsDNAsequencing, clone checking, Klenow-luciferase, SSB-luciferase,<i>Pichia pastoris, Echerichia coli</i>.</p>

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is well recognized for its role as the primary cellular energy currency. However, studies dating back to 1929 have reshaped our understanding of ATP as not only an energy source, but also as a signaling agent. Among the most important of these discoveries are animal purinergic receptors (P2X and P2Y receptors) that perceive extracellular ATP (eATP), primarily in the nervous system. Though eATP is an established receptor agonist in animals and applied poorly hydrolyzable ATP analogs have numerous effects on growth in plants, eATP is not widely accepted as a signal in plants where no purinoceptor has been identified. Here, enriched outside-out plasma membrane vesicles were isolated and proteins labeled with a radioactive ATP analog (8N₃ATP[α²³P]) to identify a putative purinoceptor-like receptor. We used etiolated seedlings to capture proteins from plant tissue that was actively growing and used sodium carbonate washes to separate peripheral and integral membrane proteins. With this method, we have generated lists of plasma membrane ATP binding proteins, and therefore possible eATP receptors. Ectoapyrases are phosphohydrolases thought to regulate eATP in both animals and plants. Here, we also investigated the expression and role of the candidate ectoapyrases AtAPY1 and AtAPY2 in guard cells and stomatal responses. AtAPY1 and AtAPY2 transcript and protein expression was confirmed in guard cells. Early genetic studies using an apy2 knock out with induced RNAi-silencing of APY1 suggest a role for these apyrases in stomatal regulation. In response to treatment with five hours light, the apyrase-suppressed line features wider stomatal aperture when compared to WS wild-type. / text

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-05-12T15:33:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 thaisvieirasoares.pdf: 151024 bytes, checksum: dfb7ee8f9e6e385cff4e13ff23904a99 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-12T15:42:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 thaisvieirasoares.pdf: 151024 bytes, checksum: dfb7ee8f9e6e385cff4e13ff23904a99 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T15:42:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 thaisvieirasoares.pdf: 151024 bytes, checksum: dfb7ee8f9e6e385cff4e13ff23904a99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-18 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Um polipeptídio originado do domínio B conservado da apirase de batata (r78-117), homólogo ao domínio B da isoforma ATPDase 2 de Schistosoma mansoni (r156-195), foi obtido como um polipeptídio com cauda de hexahistidina (r-potDomínio B). Anticorpos policlonais anti-r-potDomínio B, quando imobilizados em Proteína A-Sepharose, imunoprecipitaram 67-91% das atividades ATPásica e ADPásica de preparação de vermes adultos. Por “Western blots”, o soro imune reconheceu bandas de 63 e 55 kDa na preparação do parasito e no complexo imunoprecipitado, confirmando a identidade da isoforma ATPDase 2. Adicionalmente, anticorpos policlonais anti-r-potDomínio B inibiram 38-58% das atividades ATPásica e ADPásica, sugerindo que o domínio B da ATPDase 2 de S.mansoni é um novo alvo para o desenho de inibidores. Amostras de soros de pacientes com esquistossomose foram testados em ELISA usando r-potDomínio B como antígeno. A soropositividade da subclasse IgG1 (27%, 8/30), IgG2 (27%, 8/30), IgG3 (50%, 15/30) ou IgG4 (17%, 5/30) sugeriu que o domínio B da ATPDase 2 está potencialmente envolvido na resposta imune do hospedeiro. A apirase de batata ou r-potDomínio B, emulsificado em adjuvantes Completo e Incompleto de Freund, foi inoculado em camundongos Suíços, aumentando a produção de anticorpos IgG, os quais foram também reativos com antígenos solúveis de ovos (SEA). Imunidade protetora induzida por cada biomolécula foi avaliada 60 dias após o desafio com cercárias. Nenhuma redução de vermes ou do número de ovos foi observada. Camundongos imunizados com apirase de batata desenvolveram altos níveis de anticorpos IgG1 reativos com as biomoléculas e SEA, enquanto anticorpos IgG2a foram produzidos em menor proporção, sugerindo uma tendência de resposta imune do tipo Th2. O r-potDomínio B foi capaz de induzir maior produção de anticorpos IgG2a reativos com as biomoléculas e SEA, uma resposta imune possivelmente associada ao tipo Th1. Análises histológicas de cortes de fígado corados por hematoxilina-eosina, obtidos de camundongos imunizados com apirase de batata, mas não com r-potDomínio B, mostraram uma redução significativa na área do granuloma, como evidenciado pela redução do número de células e substituição por fibras de colágeno. Estudos futuros destas biomoléculas poderão contribuir para um melhor entendimento da interação parasito e hospedeiro, e poderão ser exploradas como novas ferramentas de estudo da esquistossomose. / A polypeptide belonging to the conserved domain B (r78-117) from the potato apyrase, homologue to the domain B (r156-195) from the S. mansoni ATPDase 2 isoform, was obtained as a 6xHis tag polypeptide (r-potDomain B). Polyclonal anti-r-potDomain B antibodies, when immobilized on Protein A-Sepharose, immunoprecipitated 67-91% of the ATPase and ADPase activities from the adult worm preparation. By Western blots, the immune serum recognized band of 63 and 55 kDa in both parasite preparation and immunoprecipitated complex, confirming the ATPDase 2 identity. Additionally, polyclonal anti-r-potDomain B antibodies inhibited 38-58% of the ATPase and ADPase activities, suggesting that the domain B from the S.mansoni ATPDase 2 is a new target for inhibitor design. Serum samples from patients with schistosomiasis were tested in ELISA using r-potDomain B as coating antigen. The seropositivity of the subclass IgG1 (27%, 8/30), IgG2 (27%, 8/30), IgG3 (50%, 15/30) or IgG4 (17%, 5/30) suggested that the domain B from the ATPDase 2 is potentially involved in the host immune response. The potato apyrase or r-potDomain B, emulsified in Freund Complete and Incomplete adjuvants, was inoculated in Swiss mice, increasing the IgG antibodies production, which were also reactive with soluble egg antigens (SEA). Protective immunity induced by each biomolecule was evaluated 60 days after challenge infection. No worm burden or egg number reduction was observed. Mice immunized with potato apyrase developed high IgG1 antibody levels, reactive with either biomolecules or SEA, while IgG2a antibody levels were produced in lower proportion, suggesting a tendency of a Th2 type immune response. The r-potDomain B was able to induce higher IgG2a antibody production, an immune response possibly associated to the Th1 type. Histological analyses of haematoxylin-eosin-sections obtained from mice immunized with potato apyrase, but not with r-potDomain B, showed a significant reduction in liver granuloma area as evidenced by the cells number reduction and substitution by collagen fibbers. Further studies of these biomolecules could contribute to a better understanding of host-parasite interactions, and may to be explored as new tools in schistosomiasis research.

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2018-08-06T18:07:50Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-08-06T18:12:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T18:12:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-03-30 / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Por análises in silico, um domínio B conservado e antigênico foi previamente identificado em nucleosídeo trifosfato difosfohidrolases (NTPDases) de plantas e parasitos. O r-potDomB, um recombinante derivado do domínio B (r78-117) da apirase de batata, foi obtido por expressão heteróloga, e a sua reatividade com anticorpos policlonaisanti-apirase de batata confirmaram a existência de epitopos indutores de resposta imune humoral em mamíferos. A clonagem do gene da NTPDase1 de Leishmania amazonensis (LamNTPDase1; NCBI: AFJ22627.1) e as análises in silico reforçaram a hipótese de conservação do domínio B de NTPDases. O r-potDomB, os peptídeos sintéticos LbB1LJ e LbB2LJ derivados do domínio B de NTPDase1 de Leishmania, e os anticorpos produzidos contra estas biomoléculas, foram usados como ferramentas moleculares para estudos específicos da NTPDase1 de L. amazonensis e da leishmaniose. Por “Western blots”, a NTPDase1 foi identificada como bandas de 48 e 63 kDa em frações de membrana, microssomal e flagelo de promastigotas. Por análise imunocitoquímicaultraestrutural, os anticorpos localizaram a NTPDase1 na superfície de membrana plasmática, núcleo, mitocôndria e cinetoplasto, bolsa flagelar e flagelo, confirmando sua ampla distribuição neste parasito. Análises in silico sugeriram as possíveis modificações pós-traducionais da NTPDase1, incluindo a sua conjugação com proteína SUMO. Os polipeptídeos de 48 e 63 kDa e um co-migrante de 12 kDa foram isolados de promastigotas por eletroforese em gel não-desnaturante. Por “Western blots” e espectrometria de massas, a identidade da NTPDase1 foi confirmada nospolipeptídeos de 48 e 63 kDa. Por espectrometria de massas, o polipeptídeo de 12 kDa foi identificado como pertencente à família de proteínas SUMO e, também, adicionado aopolipeptídeo de 63 kDa. Os polipeptídeos de 63 kDa e 12 kDa, mas não o de 48 kDa, foram reconhecidos em “Western blots” pelo soro imune anti- SUMO1, sugerindo a ligação entre NTPDase1 e SUMO, uma modificação descrita pela primeira vez entre os membros da família das NTPDases. Camundongos BALB/c foram infectados com promastigotas, e os anticorpos destes animais reconheceram a NTPDase1 pura, mas não SUMO, confirmando sua antigenicidade. Durante a progressão da doença, alta reatividade entre r-potDomB, LbB1LJ ou LbB2LJ e anticorpos IgG2a dos camundongos infectados foi observada aos 40 dias pós-infecção, revelando a antigenicidade do domínio B e a sua habilidade de induzir a produção deste subtipo nos estágios iniciais da doença. A reatividade de IgG1 foi significativamente maior aos 90-120 dias pós-infecção, coincidindo com o estágio mais ativo da doença, sugerindo participação do domínio em eventos imunoregulatórios. O r-potDomB induziu reação de hipersensibilidade tardia em camundongos Suíços, uma resposta imune celular, com elevação concomitante dos níveis de IgG2a e IFN-y. O r-potDomB, na ausência de adjuvante, usado na préimunização de camungondos Suíços infectados com amastigotas, estimulou a produção de IgG2a e IFN-y, e promoveu proteção parcial contra a progressão da leishmaniose como observado por medida de edema de patas e análises histopatológicas.Os resultados estimulam o aproveitamento biotecnológico do rpotDomB, ou derivados desta biomolécula, em formulações e em protocolos experimentais de imunoterapia e/ou vacinação contra leishmanioses. / By in silico analysis, an antigenic conserved B domain was previously identified within nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (NTPDases) of plants and parasites. The r-potDomB, a recombinant belonging to the conserved B domain (r78- 117) from the potato apyrase, was obtained by heterologous expression, and its reactivity with polyclonal anti-potato apyrase antibodies confirmed the existence of epitopes which induce humoral immune response in mammalian. The cloning of the gene from the Leishmania amazonensisNTPDase 1 (LamNTPDase1; NCBI AFJ22627.1) and in silico analysis reinforced the hypothesis of B-domain conservation within NTPDases. The r-potDomB, synthetic peptides LbB1LJ and LbB2LJ derived from the B-domain from LeishmaniaNTPDase 1, and the antibodies raised against these biomolecules, were used as molecular tools for specific studies of the L. amazonensisNTPDase 1 and leishmaniasis. By Western blots, theNTPDase 1 was identified as bands of 48 and 63 kDa in membrane, microsomal and flagellar fractions of promastigotes. By ultrastructural immunocytochemical, the antibodies localized the NTPDase 1 at the surface of plasma membrane, nucleus, mitochondria and kinetoplast, at flagellar pocket and flagellum, confirming its widespread distribution in this parasite. In silico analysis suggested possible post-translational modifications of the NTPDase 1, including its conjugation with SUMO protein. The polypeptides of 48 and 63 kDa and one co-migrant of 12 kDa were isolated of promastigotes by non-denaturing gel electrophoresis. By Western blots and mass spectrometry, the identity of NTPDase1 in the polypeptides of 48 e 63 kDa was confirmed. By mass spectrometry, the polypeptide of 12 kDa was identified belonging to the SUMO protein family and, also, added to the polypeptide of 63 kDa. The polypeptides of 63 and 12 kDa, but not 48 kDa, were recognized in Western blots by immune serum anti-SUMO1, suggesting binding between NTPDase 1 and SUMO, a modification described for the first time among members of the NTPDase family. BALB/c mice were infected with promastigotes, and the antibodies from these animals recognized the pure NTPDase, but not SUMO, confirming its antigenicity. During disease progression, high reactivity between r-potDomB, LbB1LJ or LbB2LJ and IgG2a antibodies of the promastigote-infected mice was observed at 40 days post-infection, revealing both the B-domain antigenicity and its ability for induce the production of this subtype in early disease stages. The IgG1 reactivity was significantly higher at 90-120 days post-infection, coinciding with the most active stage of the disease, suggesting participation of the domain in immuneregulatory events. The r-potDomB induced delayed type-hypersensitivity reaction in Swiss mice, a cellular immune response, with a concomitant increase in the levels of IgG2a and IFN-y. The r-potDomB, in the absence of adjuvant, used in pre-immunization of amastigotes-infected Swiss mice, stimulated the production of IgG2a and IFN-y, and promoted partial protection against leishmaniasis progression, as observed by measuring of footpad swelling and histopathological analysis. The results stimulate biotechnological use of the r-potDomB, or derivatives of this biomolecule, in formulations and experimental protocols of immunotherapy and/or vaccination against leishmaniasis.