Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-07-18T12:04:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Erica Schmidt.pdf: 1077015 bytes, checksum: aef87500f18454c28db3a3788d30733d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-18T12:04:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Erica Schmidt.pdf: 1077015 bytes, checksum: aef87500f18454c28db3a3788d30733d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-30 / This master´s degree thesis analyzes the novel Vozes do deserto (2005), by Nélida Piñon aiming to point out the construction of this said work in the folds of intertextuality established with the millennial The Arabian Nights, revisiting it and updating it. Vozes do deserto retells the traditional plot outlining the fondness and the story of a transgressing Scheherazade. The study focuses on the appropriation of the Eastern work examining the author's strategy to elaborate her work in a full and fruitful dialogue between the tradition and the contemporary. Furthermore, we have also considered Mamede Mustafa Jarouche's translation of The Arabian Nights (Livro das mil e uma noites, 2012). The discussion of main concepts, such as intertextuality and updating, will be presented mainly with the assistance of theorists such as Mikhail Bakhtin (1978, 2003, 2010) and Julia Kristeva (2005), qualified by Tânia Carvalhal (1973, 2003, 2014), Affonso Romano de Sant´Anna (2003) among others / Esta dissertação analisa o romance Vozes do deserto (2005), de Nélida Piñon, com o objetivo de apontar a construção da referida obra nas dobras da intertextualidade estabelecida com o milenar Livro das mil e uma noites, revisitando-o e atualizando-o. Vozes do deserto reconta a intriga clássica delineando os afetos e a história de uma Scherezade transgressora. O estudo debruça-se sobre a apropriação da obra oriental com vistas à estratégia da autora para elaborar sua obra no pleno e profícuo diálogo entre a tradição e o contemporâneo. Levou-se em consideração a tradução de Mamede Mustafá Jarouche do Livro das mil e uma noites (2012). A discussão de conceitos centrais, tais como as relações intertextuais e a atualização, será apresentada, principalmente, com o auxílio de teóricos como Mikhail Bakhtin (1978, 2003, 2010) e Julia Kristeva (2005), qualificados por Tânia Carvalhal (1973, 2003, 2014), Affonso Romano de Sant´Anna (2003) e outros

This thesis studies Turkish migration policies as an outcome of the interactions between the European Union, international organisations (UNHCR, IOM) and domestic migration governance. Counterbalancing a tendency in the literature to focus on external influences and specifically the EU's power over candidate countries, Turkish migration policy is seen to result from interrelationships between external and domestic actors that vary according to context of policy type, time and relative balance of power between the actors. Changes in international relations, Turkey's relationship with the EU, and internal to migration governance, can relativize the power asymmetry between EU and Turkey, leading to opportunities for domestic authorities to exert influence. The study has a comparative design across four cases of migration policy decision-making and by actor-type. This allows investigation of interrelations and an actor's efforts to exert influence relative to the others. A prominent policy is examined for each of the main four fields of Turkish migration policy: legislative reform (Law on Foreigners and International Protection), irregular migration (EU-Turkey readmission agreement), regular migration (adoption of the EU's visa lists) and asylum (removal of geographical limitation clause from the 1951 Refugee Convention). Document analysis is supplemented by original data from twenty-one semi-structured interviews, conducted with experts from Turkish Ministries, international organisations and the EU Commission. The main finding is that the degree of external influence over Turkish migration policy is contextually shaped, by time, the substance of a specific policy field, and most notably by the degree to which a policy field is politicised. EU influence is strongest when a policy field is politicised and driven by ‘conditionality'. International organisations are less influential actors but present in shaping more technocratic and less politicised policies through ‘social policy learning'. Turkish authorities exert clear agency and use international negotiations to gain leverage to advance domestic migration interests.

The main aim of this study was to investigate current search behaviour among Saudi consumers of travel services, to establish their attitudes towards, and adoption of online search and booking processes. It also aimed to explore current experiences within travel agencies of the adoption of online booking systems in the Saudi Arabian market. The study relied on a multi-method research design, with a focus on using both qualitative and quantitative data across three sequentially organised phases of data collection. Phase one centred on in-depth interviews with Saudi travel agents; phase two adopted a combined approach, using observation and semi-structured interviews, with a focus on getting a comprehensive insight into Saudi consumer search behaviour. In phase three, the researcher undertook a survey of internet adoption and search behaviour with a cross-section of Saudi consumers, located in the UK (N=481). Findings from the first phase demonstrated that Saudi Arabian travel firms continue to rely on offline booking methods and have been relatively slow to adopt online systems. Key factors influencing the adoption of online travel booking technology included attitudinal and cultural factors and an absence of customer trust, security and privacy. The second phase results indicated that information search and evaluation emerged as a single highly integrated process, however behavioural elements within the process varied across individuals, according to their search strategy and level of prior experience. In phase three, the key relationships in the conceptual model were examined, notably the relationship between search constructs and purchase intention. Only a few past studies have examined information search and evaluation in relation to purchase in emerging markets. This study offers a more in-depth perspective on search intention and information search and evaluation in the pre-purchase stage for online travel products. Key insights have emerged on the nature of the relationship between search intention, information search and evaluation and purchase intention through the development of a more comprehensive conceptual framework than in prior studies. The qualitative research demonstrated a) how search ability and search strategies were reflective of confident and well-established search behaviour on the part of Saudi consumers and b) gender and regional variations c) that the nature of information search and evaluation is shaped by behavioural differences at an individual consumer level. The study also offers a deeper understanding of the challenging perceptions that exist with regards to the slow adoption of online travel processes among Saudi Arabian travel firms.

La Tunisie, vieille de 3000 ans et aux trésors reconnus mondialement a misé sur le tourisme depuis les premières années de son indépendance en 1956. Le nombre des établissements touristiques est passé de 85 en 1965 à 856 en 2011 et le nombre des arrivées a dépassé sept millions de touristes pour une population de 10.5 millions d’individus : un record. Les nuitées ont atteint 35.5 millions enregistrant 3.522 millions de dinars de recette. Malgré ces "performances", le produit tunisien est resté principalement balnéaire attirant majoritairement les mêmes marchés source, en l’occurrence le marché européen : les Français et les Allemands. Avec la rude concurrence dans le bassin méditerranéen, le produit tunisien a montré une certaine stagnation, voire régression. L’objet de notre recherche se concentre sur un point essentiel de la réussite ou de l’échec de tout produit touristique : la stratégie de communication promotionnelle. Quelle sont ses bases en Tunisie? Comment est-elle établie ? Comment est-elle mise en œuvre ? Où résident ses défaillances ? Et quelles sont ses remèdes ? Seulement, au moment où les autorités misent sur une évolution qui espère atteindre dix millions de touristes en 2016, une Révolution surprend le pays et le monde. Elle secoue évidemment les structures et les habitudes et fait déferler des vagues de violence dont le secteur du tourisme ne peut en être que la première victime. Les élections de l’Assemblée constituante font encore élire une majorité islamiste qui n’approuve pas forcément la même politique d’ouverture historiquement entreprise dans le pays. C’est le prix de la démocratie espéré par le peuple qui est venu chambouler le secteur du tourisme et également notre travail qui, pourtant, était sur le point de s’achever. Cela a, au contraire, rendu notre recherche intéressante et excitante. C’est le travail que nous présentons dans cette thèse. / Tunisia, 3000 years old, with its world famous archeological treasures, has been counting on tourism since the early years of its independence in 1956. The "touristic establishments" number from 85 in 1965 to 856 in 2011, and the number of visitors exceeded 7 millions for a population of 10.5 millions. A record. The number of overnights went up to 35.5 millions dinars in takings. In spite of these performances, the Tunisian product has remained mainly in the beach and spa sector and attracted in majority the European market: the French and the Germans. When facing the severe competition of the Mediterranean Basin, the Tunisian product has shown a certain stagnation, if not a decrease. The aim of our research is to concentrate on one essential point concerning the success, or the failure, of any touristic product: that is the strategy of promotional communication. Which are its basises in Tunisia ? How are they operated ? The failures ? The remedies ? At the time when the authorities count on a positive evolution, with the hope of reaching the number of 10 millions tourists in 2016, a Revolution comes to a surprise to the country and to the world. Structures and habits were obviously shaken and waves of violence swept to the industry of tourism which was the first one to suffer from it. The elections of the Constituent Assembly will bring to power an islamist majority who does not readily agree with the policy of openess which had been historically undertaken in the country. This is the price to be paid for the democracy hoped for by the people, which did upset the sector of tourism, and also our work which was about to be completed. It has, actually, made our research the more interesting and exciting. This is the research that we submit in this thesis.

Biological and life history characteristics for a previously unstudied population of sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus, in the Arabian Gulf were investigated. Notable findings include temporal-spatial migration patterns for a genetically isolated population that is threatened by overexploitation. Conventional tagging resulted in 2053 releases and 114 recaptures (5.55%) inside the Gulf. Linear displacement ranged from 2.5 to 697 km, while days at liberty ranged from 17 to 818 days. Dead recoveries in Iranian gillnets account for 88.6% of recaptures. Modeling analyses produced a best estimate of annual survival probability (S) at 0.375 (slope = -0.101, SE = 0.324). Fifteen pop-up satellite archival tags were deployed on sailfish during 2001 - 2002 to track temporal and spatial movements. Extensive data from four tags showed 83.7% of time-at-depth was spent above 10 m with no significant difference (P &lt 0.05) in diel preference. Depth ranged from 0.0 m to 61.0 m, while temperature ranged from 19.7 ??C to 30.1 ??C. Small-scale movements of eight sailfish were measured using ultrasonic tracking for periods ranging from 3:33 to 53:06 hours. Track distances ranged from 5.5 to 78.5 km, while linear displacement ranged from 4.6 to 37.0 km. Average speed ranged from 0.29 to 0.75 m s-1. Vertical distributions showed 84.3% of time was spent above 10 m depth, even though water temperature showed negligible variation with depth. Mitochondrial DNA comparison of 147 sailfish produced 39 composite haplotypes using eight restriction enzymes. Significant differences occurred in the frequency between population groups inside and outside the Gulf (amova 34.8%, P &lt 0.01; FST = 0.356), along with evidence of restricted migration between them (average number of migrants, Nm = 0.903). Nine year classes (0-8) were determined from aging analysis of fin spines. Females (n = 50) ranged from 0 to 8 years, while males (n = 34) ranged from 0 to 6 years. Von Bertalanffy growth function indicated rapid growth during the first two years, after which males stabilized and females continued growing to a greater maximum mean length and weight. A comparison of allometric growth between sexes indicated no significant difference between length and other morphometric characters (P ranged 0.135 ??? 0.980).

Conservation biologists have used reintroduction as a method to reestablish extirpated species in their native habitat. Three important aspects of a successful reintroduction effort include: (1) a habitat suitability study of the reintroduction area, including effects of migration corridors; (2) identification of possible predators of the reintroduced species; and (3) a post-reintroduction assessment including an evaluation of the species' population dynamics. In this study I examine the suitability of Guadalupe Mountains National Park (GUMO) as a reintroduction area for desert bighorn sheep. The study used landscape metrics to compare GUMO to a nearby mountain range that is currently supporting an estimated population of 400 bighorn sheep. This study identified migration corridors for bighorns throughout the region and evaluated mountain lion (a potential predator of bighorn sheep) numbers either residing in or passing through the park between the years 1997 to 2004. Results on the studies in GUMO revealed 15,884 ha of suitable habitat for bighorn sheep and provided evidence of migration routes between GUMO and neighboring mountain ranges. In terms of potential predators, a minimum of 32 resident and/or transient mountain lions occurred in GUMO over a seven year period, and a minimum of 15 cats used the park in 2002. Based on estimates of individual home range of males and females, GUMO should be able to support four to five individuals. The genetic data indicates a high number of transients or perhaps an unstable population of mountain lions that may be the result of intense hunting pressure of cats in Texas. Finally, my study simulates parameters of the population dynamics of a different species, the Arabian oryx that was reintroduced as three separate populations to the Israeli Negev between 1998 and 2005. I simulated population growth and the effect of migration corridors on species persistence. Results suggest that migration corridors are essential for a self-sustaining viable metapopulation under current natality rates. In the event that natality rates increase (as was evident in a reintroduced population of Arabian oryx in Oman), metapopulation can reach viable size with only two of the release sites (open, flat terrain) connected by migration corridors.

Conservation biologists have used reintroduction as a method to reestablish extirpated species in their native habitat. Three important aspects of a successful reintroduction effort include: (1) a habitat suitability study of the reintroduction area, including effects of migration corridors; (2) identification of possible predators of the reintroduced species; and (3) a post-reintroduction assessment including an evaluation of the species' population dynamics. In this study I examine the suitability of Guadalupe Mountains National Park (GUMO) as a reintroduction area for desert bighorn sheep. The study used landscape metrics to compare GUMO to a nearby mountain range that is currently supporting an estimated population of 400 bighorn sheep. This study identified migration corridors for bighorns throughout the region and evaluated mountain lion (a potential predator of bighorn sheep) numbers either residing in or passing through the park between the years 1997 to 2004. Results on the studies in GUMO revealed 15,884 ha of suitable habitat for bighorn sheep and provided evidence of migration routes between GUMO and neighboring mountain ranges. In terms of potential predators, a minimum of 32 resident and/or transient mountain lions occurred in GUMO over a seven year period, and a minimum of 15 cats used the park in 2002. Based on estimates of individual home range of males and females, GUMO should be able to support four to five individuals. The genetic data indicates a high number of transients or perhaps an unstable population of mountain lions that may be the result of intense hunting pressure of cats in Texas. Finally, my study simulates parameters of the population dynamics of a different species, the Arabian oryx that was reintroduced as three separate populations to the Israeli Negev between 1998 and 2005. I simulated population growth and the effect of migration corridors on species persistence. Results suggest that migration corridors are essential for a self-sustaining viable metapopulation under current natality rates. In the event that natality rates increase (as was evident in a reintroduced population of Arabian oryx in Oman), metapopulation can reach viable size with only two of the release sites (open, flat terrain) connected by migration corridors.

This thesis examines the historical background of missionary attitudes toward Islam within the framework of the mission emphasis of the Reformed Church in America between the 1880s and 1911. It argues that the historical experience of the Dutch Reformed Church in the Netherlands produced a sense of pride and destiny that was transplanted by Dutch emigration to North America and maintained in the relationships of the Reformed Church in America with other nationalities and missions. That sense of pride ad destiny prepared the church to stand on its convictions in the face of opposition, which it drew upon itself when it began mission work among Muslims previously neglected by the modern missionary movement. Finally, this thesis shows that Dutch American missionaries sought to change western perceptions of Islam by creating an awareness of the advance of Islam that may pose a threat to Christianity.

Biological and life history characteristics for a previously unstudied population of sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus, in the Arabian Gulf were investigated. Notable findings include temporal-spatial migration patterns for a genetically isolated population that is threatened by overexploitation. Conventional tagging resulted in 2053 releases and 114 recaptures (5.55%) inside the Gulf. Linear displacement ranged from 2.5 to 697 km, while days at liberty ranged from 17 to 818 days. Dead recoveries in Iranian gillnets account for 88.6% of recaptures. Modeling analyses produced a best estimate of annual survival probability (S) at 0.375 (slope = -0.101, SE = 0.324). Fifteen pop-up satellite archival tags were deployed on sailfish during 2001 - 2002 to track temporal and spatial movements. Extensive data from four tags showed 83.7% of time-at-depth was spent above 10 m with no significant difference (P &lt 0.05) in diel preference. Depth ranged from 0.0 m to 61.0 m, while temperature ranged from 19.7 ??C to 30.1 ??C. Small-scale movements of eight sailfish were measured using ultrasonic tracking for periods ranging from 3:33 to 53:06 hours. Track distances ranged from 5.5 to 78.5 km, while linear displacement ranged from 4.6 to 37.0 km. Average speed ranged from 0.29 to 0.75 m s-1. Vertical distributions showed 84.3% of time was spent above 10 m depth, even though water temperature showed negligible variation with depth. Mitochondrial DNA comparison of 147 sailfish produced 39 composite haplotypes using eight restriction enzymes. Significant differences occurred in the frequency between population groups inside and outside the Gulf (amova 34.8%, P &lt 0.01; FST = 0.356), along with evidence of restricted migration between them (average number of migrants, Nm = 0.903). Nine year classes (0-8) were determined from aging analysis of fin spines. Females (n = 50) ranged from 0 to 8 years, while males (n = 34) ranged from 0 to 6 years. Von Bertalanffy growth function indicated rapid growth during the first two years, after which males stabilized and females continued growing to a greater maximum mean length and weight. A comparison of allometric growth between sexes indicated no significant difference between length and other morphometric characters (P ranged 0.135 ??? 0.980).

Plusieurs pièces du dramaturge égyptien Alfred Faraǧ (1929-2005) réécrivent des textes préexistants. Se caractérisant de façon différente selon le genre textuel de son hypotexte, la réécriture se révèle une stratégie variable. Une comparaison entre les genres, les récits, les personnages, le style et les contenus des hypertextes et des hypotextes montre que les pièces réécrivant l’histoire se focalisent sur des aspects privés et font ainsi que le passé se mêle à des questions d’actualité ; la réécriture de la Qiṣṣat al-Zīr Sālim subvertit les valeurs de la légende en les adaptant aux goûts du public ; tandis que les pièces dérivées des Mille et une Nuits encadrent des questions politiques dans une ambiance ludique.Réinvestissant le patrimoine arabe, ces réécritures soutiennent le panarabisme. En même temps, elles encodent des critiques à l’encontre du régime de l’époque. De plus, la réécriture d’Alfred Faraǧ remodèle le patrimoine arabe : elle pourvoit l’histoire d’interprétations nouvelles et positives, adapte les valeurs de la légende et gomme le pouvoir effectif de la magie ainsi que le comique basé sur des préjudices religieux ou raciaux des contes des Nuits. Les personnages tirés de l’histoire et de la légende sont réinterprétés et livrés au public comme des héros. En plus d’être multifonctionnelle, la réécriture produit une création à plusieurs niveaux. Soumise à une double réception (celle de l’hypotexte seul et celle de l’hypertexte dans son ensemble), sa perception est complexement variable. Comme un kaléidoscope, la réécriture replace des éléments pour composer des dessins constamment variables au regard du spectateur qui forment l’esthétique de ces ouvrages. / Several of Alfred Faraǧ’s plays rewrite preexistent texts. As each play presents distinctive features depending on the genre of its hypotext, rewriting is a variable strategy. A comparison between the literary genres, the plots, the characters, the style and the contents of the hypertexts and their hypotexts reveals that plays rewriting History focus on private aspects of the events and make the past reflects issues relevant in the present; the rewriting of the Qiṣṣat al-Zīr Sālim subverts its original values adapting them to the contemporary audience’s taste; and plays based on the Arabian Nights frame political issues in cheerful atmospheres.All the plays derived from the rewriting reinvest the Arab heritage and most of them are written in Classical Arabic, and so they contribute to foster the pan-arabist ideology. In the meantime, they contain political ideas which could be expressed because they were encoded through the rewriting. Alfred Faraǧ’s rewritings also reshape the socio-cultural Arab heritage providing History with new, positive interpretations of the events, substituting the values of the legend and erasing the effective power of magic and the comic based on racial or religious prejudices from the tales of the Nights. Similarly, characters taken from History or legend are reinterpreted and delivered to the audience as heroes. Besides being multifunctional, rewriting also produces a multilayered creation. Affected by a double reception (of the hypotext and of the hypertext in its whole), its perception complexly variates. Like a kaleidoscope, the rewriting resettles elements to compose ever-changing viewed patterns shaping the aesthetic of such works.