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Gotlands stenålder

This essay tries to prove that archaeology as a science, can be useful as a tool for the creation of sustainable agriculture. Case studies of China´s ancient and modern rice and wheat agriculture are used as an example of how archaeology can fulfill this role. Archaeological data were collected for the ancient types of agriculture in China between 4000 BC and 500 AD, with the intension of analysing it using a sustainability perspective. This period had to be extended for the wheat agriculture to 600 AD. To aid this analysis, a definition of sustainable agriculture was made. Using this definition, a decision could be made whether the ancient types of agriculture could be considered sustainable or not and why. The same analysis was made for the modern types of agriculture, to be compared in the coming discussion. None of the agricultural types could be considered sustainable, although the ancient types were quite close to passing the test. What could be learned from the ancient types of agriculture are also included in the discussion. This is done by discussing current problems China faces concerning their rice -and wheat agriculture in comparison with archaeological data about the ancient types. The conclusion is that archaeological data can be useful in a few ways in this matter and archaeology as a science could be useful when developing sustainable agriculture.

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In this essay, I aim to give an account on the ethical dilemmas that archaeologists may come across in their work. I will give an insight into controversies and cases over the last years and study the reason as to how they appeared and how they were ultimately solved, and the process between those situations. The main focus will be on artefacts and debates regarding the indigenous Sami population I Sweden and Norway. Even though human remains has been a hot topic for debate among scholars and activists over the last years, I will keep my focus on artifacts and man made objects. One of the aspects studied in this essay will be the guidelines, declarations and policies that may apply to such questions and what help they can offer archaeologist and decisionmakers when approached by demands of repatriation. Furthermore, I will give an insight into the very complex history between Swedish and Norwegian archaeologists and the Sami and how this has impacted the situation today, regarding repatriations and ethical problems. Since the focus is on Sami people and archaeologists in both Sweden and Norway, I aim to look further into the differences and similarities one can find in cases of repatriation of Sami artifacts in both countries.

The excavations conducted on the Swedish prehistoric hillforts are very limited. However, a lot of people are drawn to them because of their impressive size, which include preserved walls that can reach over three metres in height. They are frequently associated with legends about giants who once lived there. The majority of the hillforts in Sweden were built during the Roman Iron Age and the Migration period. The purpose for which the hillforts were built has been the subject of intense debate, but it is now generally accepted that not every hillfort would have served the same function. The goal of this thesis is to map the hillforts in Eskilstuna municipality, Södermanland County, in order to better understand their purpose, their topographic locations, and the number of other hillforts that could have been seen from each hillfort. This will primarily be achieved through literature reviews of prior studies on the topic and the use of GIS.

This is a paper that partly has studied the uses of Cannabis sativa in Sweden during prehistoric and historic times (mainly prehistoric) and partly have discussed and analyzed the previous science on the matter. The use of the species as a fiber material for ropes and textiles has been well documented in historical times and the use of the medicinal properties of the plant has been vaguely speculated upon. The archaeological evidence from prehistoric and historic use has been gathered and analyzed. The paper concludes that cannabis mainly has been used as hemp in order to provide household textiles from around year 0 up to the modern age in varying degree.

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