Title: Changes of trunk mobility in relation to postural stability Objectives: The main aim of this work was to quantitatively observe segmental trunk mobility in 3D space during flexion of arm and create coupled pattern phenomena of particular spine segments. Additional aim was to verify the effect of modification of the measurements on movement performance and to relate the given movement of the arm and the segmental trunk mobility to changes in the load of the lower extremities. Methods: The measurement itself was performed on 23 asymptomatic males aged 20 - 30. In 3 modifications of the motion measurement - no load, with load and with load and hold with arm forward, probands performed 5 repetitions of right arm flexion in the sagittal plane. The motion was scanned by system Qualisys markers while standing on 2 Kistler stabilometric platforms. Results: In most probands, the segmental movement of the spine was repeatable. It was possible to compare it between probands and create coupled pattern phenomena of the spine. The increased arm load and hold with arm forward caused an increase in the deflections of the particular spine segments in sagittal plane. Furthermore, the increase in load has led to demonstrably greater load changes in the lower extremities. The link between the segmental trunk...

La thématique de la thèse est très vaste. Sont présentées les grandeurs cinématiques locales ou régionales qui agissent sur le corps humain. La deuxième partie de la thèse décrit les méthodes optiques, par lesquelles on peut mesurer les vibrations produites par les machines-outils sur le système humain main-bras au cours de l'activité au travail. Dans la troisième partie sont donnés les effets négatifs des vibrations qui se produisent sur le système humain main-bras pendant l'exposition aux vibrations. La quatrième partie de cette thèse contient la base théorique des techniques optiques utilisées pour mesurer les vibrations. Le chapitre cinq présente la méthodologie d'expérimentation pour mesurer les vibrations. Les résultats des mesures sont indiqués dans le sixième chapitre de la thèse. Dans le chapitre sept on présente la modélisation mécanique et mathématique du système humain main-bras avec trois degrés de liberté et le dernier chapitre contient les conclusions finales. / In the first part of the doctoral thesis are presented the local and global kinematics sizes which are acting on the human body. This is followsed with the optical methods by which we can measure the vibrations produced by the machine-tools and them action on the human hand-arm system during the work activity. In the third part are given the effects of vibrations that occur on the hand-arm system during the exposure of vibrations. The fourth part of this thesis contains the theorical basis of optical techniques used for vibrations measurement. Chapter five presents the experimental methodology of vibrations measurement in comparition betsween the two methods: classical and optical. The results of measurement are given in chapter six of the thesis. In chapter seven is given the mechanical and mathematical modeling of human hand-arm system with three degrees of freedom and the eighth chapter contains the final conclusions, the personal contributions and the future research directions.

Foram realizadas dissecções anatômicas de 45 membros superiores de cadáveres, com o objetivo de avaliar as dimensões e o padrão vascular da porção distal ao epicôndilo lateral do retalho lateral do braço. Todos os casos deste estudo eram do sexo masculino, com idade superior a 21 anos. Os casos foram divididos em grupos A, B, e C e submetidos a injeção de contraste diretamente na artéria colateral radial posterior. Nos cadáveres do Grupo A, foi injetado contraste a base de azul de metileno e serviu para avaliar o maior comprimento e largura de pele corada pelo contraste, tendo como local para início das medidas o epicôndilo lateral do úmero. No Grupo B foi utilizada a mesma metodologia do Grupo A, sendo acrescentado para cada cadáver em estudo, uma ficha com os dados antropométricos e serviu para avaliar a extensão de pele corada pelo contraste e correlacioná-la com os dados antropométricos individuais. Nos cadáveres do Grupo C foi utilizado contraste a base de látex e serviu para avaliar o padrão vascular da artéria colateral radial posterior encontrado distalmente ao epicôndilo lateral. Em todos os casos a pele foi corada pelo contraste distalmente ao epicôndilo lateral, com o comprimento variando de 4 cm a 12 cm, com média de 7,5 cm e a largura variando de 3 cm a 10 cm, com média de 6 cm. Houve em todas as dissecções um padrão plexiforme da artéria colateral radial posterior distalmente ao epicôndilo lateral. Ocorreu uma correlação entre os comprimentos do braço e do antebraço e as dimensões da área corada pelo contraste, distalmente ao epicôndilo lateral. O autor conclui que é possível a confecção do retalho lateral do braço na forma ampliada, incluindo a pele da região proximal do antebraço, sendo os limites de 7,5 cm de comprimento por 6 cm de largura, distalmente ao epicôndilo lateral, limites seguros para a confecção deste tipo de retalho. A artéria colateral radial posterior apresenta um padrão arterial plexiforme, distalmente ao epicôndilo lateral do úmero. Existe uma relação direta entre o comprimento do retalho lateral do braço ampliado distalmente ao epicôndilo lateral e os comprimentos do braço e do antebraço / Anatomical dissections of forty-five upper limbs of cadavers were made in order to evaluate the dimensions and the vascular pattern of distal part to lateral epicondyle of lateral arm flap. All cases of this study were male, with more than twenty-one years old. The cases were divided into groups A, B and C and they were submitted to a contrast injection directly on posterior radial collateral artery. Into cadavers of Group A it was injected contrast a basis of methylene blue to evaluate the longest length and width of coloured skin by contrast. The place for beginning of measures was the lateral epicondyle of humerus. In the group B, it was used the same methodology of group A, and a record card with anthropometric data of each cadaver. With them it was possible to evaluate the extension of coloured skin by contrast and correlate it with individual anthropometric data. In the cadavers of group C was used contrast a basis of latex in order to evaluate the vascular pattern of posterior radial collateral artery which was found distally to lateral epicondyle. In all cases the skin was coloured by contrast distally to lateral epicondyle, with the length changing from 4 cm to 12 cm, mean length was 7,5 cm and the width changing from 3 cm to 10 cm, mean width was 6 cm. In all dissections, there was a plexiform pattern of posterior radial collateral artery distally to lateral epicondyle. There was a correlation between the length of forearm and the dimensions of coloured area by contrast distally to lateral epicondyle. The author concluded that it is possible the confection of lateral arm flap in enlarged way, including the skin of proximal region of forearm, distally to lateral epicondyle, with distal limits 7,5 cm of length to 6 cm of width to lateral epicondyle, secure limits for confection of this flap. The posterior radial collateral artery presents a plexiform arterial pattern, distally to lateral epicondyle. There is a direct relation between the length of lateral arm flap enlarged distally to lateral epicondyle and the legths of arm and forearm

Submitted by PPG Teologia (teologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-16T14:20:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao - GERMANO SOARES SILVA.pdf: 783787 bytes, checksum: 1cc7d6ee4730e693994b223640b42c87 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-05-28T16:56:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao - GERMANO SOARES SILVA.pdf: 783787 bytes, checksum: 1cc7d6ee4730e693994b223640b42c87 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-28T17:15:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao - GERMANO SOARES SILVA.pdf: 783787 bytes, checksum: 1cc7d6ee4730e693994b223640b42c87 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-02 / The present work has the purpose of focusing the theological thought of Jacob Arminius on the themes of Free Will and Predestination. These themes have always been discussed by Calvinists on Brazilian soil, and only by the Reformed angle, for the lack of works of Arminius are not known in the theological academies of Brazil. At the beginning of the 21st century, a series of publications about the thinking of Jacob Arminius began, by Brazilian Arminians who struggled and are struggling not to promote meaningless discussions, but to show how Arminius thought and reflected the Sacred Scriptures, producing his messages and his studies to instruct the church where he was pastor in Holland. To the great joy of admirers of the works of Arminius, in 2015, Publishing House Assemblies of God of Brazil (CPAD) published in three volumes the Works of Arminius. This publication served as the basis for the present work, adding other works published by Brazilian and North American Arminian scholars. This work does not deal with all of Arminius's thinking, but it was of personal interest to reflect on Free Will and Predestination. The first chapter deals with the scene of the main controversies and also of the conflicts in the ecclesial reality of the Netherlands from 1609 to 1618. In this scenario were present as main protagonists Calvinists and Arminians. The second chapter deals with the theme of Predestination, not as fatalism, but for adoption and also for the glory of God. Predestination has as its scope the responsibility of the Christian in the Kingdom of God. And finally, the third chapter, which has as its content the meaning of Free Will and its powers to the dimensions of a free and responsible Christendom. It is hoped that all those who are involved in the content of this work will have spirit and action in order to be able to freely reflect on the thought of Jacob Arminius for the existence of a good social and ecclesial reality. / O presente trabalho tem como escopo o prop?sito de enfocar o pensamento teol?gico de Jac? Arm?nio, sobre as tem?ticas do Livre Arb?trio e da Predestina??o. Estes temas sempre foram discutidos por calvinistas em solo brasileiro, e somente pelo ?ngulo reformado, pelo fato de as obras de Arm?nio n?o serem conhecidas nas academias teol?gicas do Brasil. Neste in?cio do s?culo XXI, surgiu in?cio a uma s?rie de publica??es acerca do pensamento de Jac? Arm?nio, por arminianos brasileiros que se esfor?aram e est?o se esfor?ando com o intuito n?o de promover discuss?es sem sentido, mas mostrar como Arm?nio pensava e refletia as Sagradas Escrituras, produzindo suas mensagens e seus estudos para instruir a igreja em que foi pastor na Holanda. Para a grande alegria dos admiradores das obras de Arm?nio, no ano de 2015, a Casa Publicadora das Assembleias de Deus do Brasil (CPAD) publicou em tr?s volumes as Obras de Arm?nio. Essa publica??o serviu de base para o presente trabalho, somando-se outras obras publicadas por estudiosos arminianos brasileiros e norte-americanos. Este trabalho n?o trata de todo o pensamento de Arm?nio, mas foi de interesse pessoal, refletir acerca do Livre Arb?trio e da Predestina??o. O primeiro cap?tulo aborda o cen?rio das principais controv?rsias e, tamb?m, dos conflitos na realidade eclesial da Holanda de 1609 a 1618. Nesse cen?rio estavam presentes como principais protagonistas calvinistas e arminianos. Quanto ao segundo cap?tulo tem como abordagem a tem?tica da Predestina??o, n?o como fatalismo, mas para a ado??o e, tamb?m, para a gl?ria de Deus. Predestina??o tem como escopo a responsabilidade do crist?o no Reino de Deus. E por ?ltimo, o terceiro cap?tulo, que tem como conte?do o significado do Livre Arb?trio e seus poderes para as dimens?es de uma cristandade livre e respons?vel. Espera-se que todos aqueles e aquelas que se envolverem com o conte?do deste trabalho, tenham ?nimo e a??o, a fim de se poder refletir com liberdade sobre o pensamento de Jac? Arm?nio, para a exist?ncia de boa realidade social e eclesial.

"This thesis presents an extension of sensitive manipulation which transforms tactile sensors away from end effectors and closer to whole body sensory feedback. Sensitive manipulation is a robotics concept which more closely replicates nature by employing tactile sensing to interact with the world. While traditional robotic arms are specifically designed to avoid contact, biological systems actually embrace and intentionally contact the environment. This arm is inspired by these biological systems and therefore has compliant joints and a tactile shell surrounding the two primary links of the arm. The manipulator has also been designed to be capable of both industrial and humanoid style manipulation. There are an untold number of applications for an arm with increased tactile feedback primarily in dynamic environments such as in industrial, humanoid, and prosthetic applications. The arm developed for this thesis is intended to be a desktop research platform, however, one of the most influential applications for increased tactile feedback is in prosthetics which are operate in ever changing and contact ridden environments while continuously interacting with humans. This thesis details the simulation, design, analysis, and evaluation of a the first four degrees of freedom of a robotic arm with particular attention given to the design of modular series elastic actuators in each joint as well as the incorporation of a shell of tactile sensors. "

As Moore`s law continues to reduce the cost of computation at an exponential rate, embedded computing capabilities spread to ever-expanding application scenarios, such as smartphones, the Internet of Things, and automation, among many others. This trend has naturally caused the underlying technology to evolve and has introduced increasingly complex microarchitectures into embedded processors in attempts to optimize for performance. While other microarchitectures, like those used in personal computers, have been extensively studied, there has been relatively less research done on embedded microarchitectures. This is especially true in terms of their security, which is growing more important as widespread adoption increases. This thesis explores an undocumented cache behavior found in ARM Cortex processors that we call implicit cache lockdown. While it was presumably implemented for performance reasons, it has a large impact on the recently popular class of cybersecurity attacks that utilize cache-timing side-channels. These attacks leverage the underlying hardware, specifically, the small timing differences between algorithm executions due to CPU caches, to glean sensitive information from a victim process. Since the affected processors are found in an overwhelming majority of smart phones, this sensitive information can include cryptographic secrets, credit card information, and passwords. As the name implies, implicit cache lockdown limits the ability for an attacker to evict certain data from a CPU`s cache. Since this is precisely what known cache-timing attacks rely on, they are rendered ineffective in their current form. This thesis analyzes implicit cache lockdown in great detail, including the methodology we used to discover it, its implications on all existing cache-timing attacks, and how it can be circumvented by an attacker.

Thesis (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING / Bibliography: leaf 60. / by Susan Russell Stapleton. / B.S.

New technology in the automotive industry is the key to success. Therefore, it is appreciated when people come with new design ways to solve problems. This leads to innovation in the automotive industry that will lead to better and more environmentally friendly cars. This report presents a concept on a pushing counter lever spring which provides the same characteristics of force curve as a diaphragm spring in a pressure plate of a car has. The mechanism is to be used for long-term testing and evaluating clutch pedals. The work describes the development process and the manufacture of a prototype. The program Creo (CAD / 3D) is largely used to construct the components. As are the subprograms Mechanism Design and Simulate to simulate the movement and loads. Excel is a great help at the theoretical calculation of the mechanism and to evaluate the theory behind the concept. The result shows how to simulate a diaphragm spring in the pressure plate in a car for long-term testing of clutch pedals. The goal is to accurately mimic the force curve of a diaphragm spring, in order to design better pedals, and thus reduce the weight on the pedals to in turn reduce fuel consumption to protect the environment is one of the most important factors of all in the automotive industry.

Pesquisas científicas no campo da engenharia de reabilitação estão proporcionando cada vez mais mecanismos que visam ajudar pessoas portadoras de alguma deficiência física a executar tarefas simples do dia-a-dia. Com isso em mente, esse trabalho tem a finalidade de desenvolver um sistema que utiliza sinais musculares e redes neuro-fuzzy para a caracterização de determinados movimentos de um braço humano, com o objetivo de possibilitar futuramente a integração em sistemas de reabilitação. Ensaios preliminares demonstraram que para a caracterização de movimentos simples realizados por um braço humano, o uso exclusivo de técnicas simples de processamento de sinal é suficiente, como a utilização do valor rms. No entanto, para a caracterização de movimentos complexos é necessário um processamento mais robusto do sinal. Para isso foi desenvolvido um sistema experimental que adquire, através de um eletromiógrafo (EMG) de 8 canais, o sinal mioelétrico com eletrodos de superfície posicionados em lugares estratégicos do braço. O sinal é adquirido utilizando como estímulo um modelo virtual que demonstra ao usuário os movimentos do segmento mão-braço que devem ser executados de forma aleatória. Finalmente, com o uso de uma rede neuro-fuzzy, que possibilita a distinção tanto de movimentos simples como de movimentos compostos, se adaptando a diferentes usuários, os movimentos executados foram caracterizados em 12 movimentos distintos, previamente definidos, com uma taxa de acerto médio de 65%. / The scientific researches in the field of rehabilitation engineering are increasingly providing mechanisms to help people with a disability to perform simple tasks of day-to-day. With that in mind, this work aims to develop an experimental robotic prosthesis in order to implement, in the same, a control system that uses muscle signals and neuro-fuzzy networks for characterization of certain movements of a human arm, in order to enable further integration in rehabilitation systems. Preliminary tests showed that for the characterization of simple movements performed by a human arm, the exclusive use of simple techniques of signal processing is sufficient, as the use of the rms value. However, for the characterization of complex movements is required a more robust signal processing. For this was developed an experimental system that acquires through an electromyography (EMG) of 8 channels, the myoelectric signal with surface electrodes positioned in strategic places of the arm. The acquired signal uses, as a stimulus, a virtual model that demonstrates the hand-arm segment movements to be executed by the user at random. Finally, through a neuro-fuzzy network, which enables the distinction of both simple and compound movements, self-adapting to different users, the movements performed were characterized in 12 distinct movements, previously defined, with an average accuracy of 65%.

Mulheres submetidas à mastectomia, apresentam assimetrias posturais, assim como alterações na cinemática do movimento do ombro e tronco. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o equilíbrio estático bem como a marcha em mulheres submetidas à cirurgia de mastectomia unilateral. Para tanto, foram analisadas 42 mulheres, divididas em dois grupos: mulheres submetidas à mastectomia unilateral (GM), com idade média de 53,77±7,24 anos, e mulheres sem a doença como controle (GC), com idade média de 54,70±6,31 anos. As análises do equilíbrio estático e da marcha foram efetuadas com sistema Vicon System (VICON-MX-T40S, Oxford, Inglaterra). Foi avaliado o equilíbrio estático com olhos abertos e olhos fechados, com e sem o uso da prótese mamária externa, por meio da área e do deslocamento do centro de massa projetado no chão, assim como o ângulo da coluna. Na marcha, foram avaliados os parâmetros espaço-temporal com e sem o uso da prótese mamária externa, e a oscilação dos membros superiores e do tronco. Foi aplicado o teste de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk, diante de uma distribuição normal e relacionada, aplicou-se o teste T relacionado, e para amostras independentes, teste T independente, em distribuição não paramétrica, foi aplicado Wilcoxon para variáveis relacionadas e Mann-Whitney, para variáveis independentes. Foi fixado o nível crítico de 5% (p<0,05), o processamento dos dados efetuado pelo software SPSS, versão 17.0. A análise do equilíbrio estático apontou aumento significativo na área e no deslocamento do centro de massa projetado no chão, e deslocamento médio-lateral do ângulo da coluna. Na marcha, houve piora dos parâmetros espaço-temporal e menor oscilção do membro superior homolateral à cirurgia para movimentos de flexão/extensão e abdução/adução, o tronco apresentou menor oscilação médio-lateral. A prótese parece não ter influenciado no equilíbrio e na marcha. Os resultados sugerem que a mastectomia unilateral pode afetar o equilíbrio e a marcha. / Women undergoing mastectomy, have postural asymmetries as well as changes in the kinematics of the movement of the shoulder and spine. The objective of this study was to evaluate static balance and gait in women undergoing unilateral mastectomy surgery. Therefore, 42 women were analyzed, divided into two groups: women who underwent unilateral mastectomy (GM) with a mean age of 53.77 ± 7.24 years, and women without the disease as control (GC) with a mean age of 54.70 ± 6.31 years. Analyses of static equilibrium and gait was performed with Vicon System (MX-T40S-VICON, Oxford, England). We evaluated the static balance with eyes open and eyes closed, with and without the use of external breast prosthesis through the area and the center of mass displacement designed on the floor, as well as the angle of the spine. On the gait were evaluated spatiotemporal parameters with and without the use of external breast prosthesis and the oscillation of the upper limbs and trunk during walking. The functionality of the upper limbs was measured by the DASH questionnaire, and the level of physical activity by IPAQ. We used the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, before a normal and related distribution, we applied the related t test for independent samples and, independent t test, in non-parametric distribution, Wilcoxon was applied to related variables and Mann Whitney test for independent variables was set the critical level of 5% (p <0.05), the processing of data carried out by SPSS software, version 17.0. The static equilibrium analysis indicated a significant increase in the area and the center of mass offset projected on the ground and the medial-lateral displacement of the spine angle. On the march, there was worsening of spatiotemporal parameters and lower swing in arm ipsilateral to surgery for flexion/extension and abduction/adduction, trunk shows less medial-lateral oscillation. The prosthesis seems to have no influence on balance and gait. The results suggest that unilateral mastectomy can affect the balance and gait.