Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:01:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa Homobono Santa Brigida de Albuquerque.pdf: 2068823 bytes, checksum: f4287d8860ffadfb930d9adb010eeefd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-10-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The bôta, Abuta rufescens Aubl. (MENISPERMACEAE), is a medicinal plant used popularly in the treatment of malaria, uterine inflammations, hepatic illnesses and gastric ulcer, besides having action as antimycotic, diuretic and abortive. Previous chemical studies had disclosed to the presence in its stem of oxoaporphines and azafluoranthenes alkaloids. Of the chromatographic fractionate of the extract of stem in dichloromethane it was isolated, from chromatographic techniques, a crystal in form of orange needles that was identified through spectrometric methods (IR, MS, 13C NMR, 1H NMR) as the Homomoschatoline alkaloid. This work tells the gotten results of the toxicity evaluation of this alkaloid by the bioessay in Artemia franciscana, and of antitumoral activity with ancestries of cells of human breast tumors (Mcf-7), of human colon (Hct-8), of promielocitic human leukemia (Hl-60) and tumor skin (B-16). / A bôta, Abuta rufescens Aubl. (MENISPERMACEAE), é uma planta medicinal usada popularmente no tratamento da málaria, de inflamações uterinas, de doenças hepáticas e úlcera gástrica, além de ter ação como antimicótico, diurético e abortivo. Estudos químicos anteriores revelaram a presença em seu caule de alcalóides oxoaporfínicos e azafluorantenos. A partir do fracionamento cromatográfico do extrato do cerne em diclorometano isolou-se, através de técnicas cromatográficas, um cristal em forma de agulhas alaranjadas que foi identificado por métodos espectrométricos (IV, EM., RMN de 13C, RMN de 1H) como o alcalóide Homomoschatolina. Este trabalho relata os resultados obtidos da avaliação da toxicidade deste alcalóide pelo bioensaio em Artemia franciscana, e de atividade antitumoral com linhagens de células de tumores de mama humano (MCF-7), de cólon humano (HCT-8), de leucemia promielocítica humana (HL-60) e pele murino (B-16).

The encysted embryos (cysts) of the crustacean Artemia franciscana have several molecular mechanisms to enable anhydrobiosis – life without water. This study examines the function of group 1 Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins, hydrophilic unstructured proteins which accumulate in the stress-tolerant cysts of A. franciscana. Group 1 LEA proteins were knocked down in cysts using RNA interference. Cysts without group 1 LEA proteins exhibited low survival following desiccation and/or freezing, suggesting a role for these proteins in tolerance of low water conditions. In contrast, cysts with or without group 1 LEA proteins responded similarly to hydrogen peroxide exposure , indicating little to no function in reducing damage due to oxidative stress. This is the first in vivo functional study of group 1 LEA proteins in an animal, and may have applied significance in aquaculture, where Artemia is an important feed source, and in the cryopreservation of cells for therapeutic applications.

The crustacean Artemia franciscana represents a potential experimental model for human studies. The aim of the project was to assess whether Artemia could be used as a model for investigation of probiotic properties. For all the experiments, Artemia cysts were rehydrated, decapsulated and allowed to hatch for 28 hours before the developed larvae (nauplii) were challenged and/or treated with probiotics; measurement of survival rate occurred after further 24 and 48 hours. Interestingly, administration of L. reuteri 17938 during an initial study showed that the probiotic rescued Artemia from spontaneous death occurring in the absence of any established and chosen challenge in a dose-dependent manner. Assuming that Artemia death was related to some kind of stress, the mode of action by means of which L. reuteri provided protective effects was investigated. Heat-treated and bead-beaten L. reuteri positively affected Artemia survival rate to a greater extent than live L. reuteri, with the highest improvement occurring during administration of bead-beaten L. reuteri. In particular, administration of different fractions of the bead-beaten L. reuteri cultures to Artemia allowed for identification of the molecule responsible for amelioration of Artemia fitness in bacterial components ranging between 3 and 300 kDa in weight. Supernatants obtained from exudates of plate-grown bacteria instead revealed itself to be lethal when added in amounts corresponding to 10⁷ CFU/ml of the bacterial culture or higher. Further studies on a genetic and immunological level on Artemia are required in order to elucidate the complex interactions establishing among the host, the probiotic and the environment. However, based on the data gathered, it is possible to suggest that Artemia can be used as a potential chronic stress model, for example as aging or starvation models. Besides this, L. reuteri shows to provide an overall protective effect against this stress, although differences in the extent of the protection were observed according to the growth protocol and the killing mode of bacterial cultures. Also, the lethality of the supernatants demonstrates once again that the probiotic activity is the result of multiple and intertwined biological pathways, sometimes in contrast to one another.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PabloCS.pdf: 513122 bytes, checksum: 78dbc24a28ad9d22efb06ffdb7409a3f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / A ?-D-N-acetilglucosaminidase extracted and partially isolated from crustacean Artemia franciscana by ammonium sulfate precipitation and filtration gel chromatography Bio Gel A 1.5m. the enzyme was immobilized on ferromagnetic Dacron yielding a insoluble active derivative with 5.0 units/mg protein and 10.35% of the soluble enzyme activity. ?-D-N-acetilglucosaminidase-ferromagnetic Dacron was easily removed from the reaction mixture by a magnetic field, it was reused for ten times without loss in its activity. The ferromagnetic Dacron was better activated at pH 5.0. The particles visualized at scanning electron microscope (SEM) had presented different sizes, varying between 721nm and 100?m. Infra red confirmed immobilization on support, as showed by primary amino peaks at 1640 and 1560 cm-1 . The immobilize enzyme presented Km of 2.32 ? 0.48 mM and optimum temperature of 50?C. Bought presented the same thermal stable of the soluble enzyme and larger enzymatic activity at pH 5.5. ?-D-N-acetilglucosaminidase-Dacron ferromagn?tico showed sensible for some ?ons as the silver (AgNO3), with loss of activity. The ?-D-N acetilglucosaminidase activity for mercury chloride (HgCl2), whom is one of the most toxic substance joined in nature, it was presented activity already diminished at 0,01mM and lost total activity at 4mM, indicating sensitivity for this type of metal. ?-D-N-acetilglucosaminidase-ferromagnetic Dacron showed degradative capacity on heparan sulfate, the enzyme still demonstrated degradative capacity on heparan sulphate, suggesting a possible application to produce fractions of this glycosaminoglycan / A ?-D-N-acetilglucosaminidase, extra?da e parcialmente isolada do crust?ceo Artemia franciscana atrav?s de precipita??o com sulfato de am?nio e cromatografia em gel filtra??o Bio Gel A 1.5m foi imobilizada em Dacron ferromagn?tico rendendo um derivado insol?vel ativo contendo 5,0 unid/mg de prote?na e retendo 10,35% da atividade da enzima sol?vel. A ?-D-N-acetilglucosaminidase-Dacron ferromagn?tico foi facilmente removida do meio reacional com o aux?lio de um campo magn?tico e p?de ser reutilizada por dez vezes seguidas sem perda de atividade. O Dacron ferromagn?tico foi melhor ativado a pH 5,0 As part?culas visualizadas no microsc?pio eletr?nico de varredura (MEV) apresentaram diferentes tamanhos, variando entre 721nm e 100?m. O infra vermelho confirmou a imobiliza??o ao suporte, quando exibiu os picos de aminas prim?rias a 1640 e 1560 cm-1 . A enzima imobilizada apresentou Km aparente de 2,32 ? 0,48 mM e atividade ?tima a temperatura de 50?C. Ambos apresentaram praticamente a mesma estabilidade t?rmica da enzima sol?vel e maior atividade enzim?tica no pH 5,5. A ?-D-N-acetilglucosaminidase-Dacron ferromagn?tico apresentou-se sens?vel a alguns ?ons como a prata (AgNO3), demonstrando perda de atividade. A atividade ?-D-N-acetilglucosaminidasica para cloreto de merc?rio (HgCl2), que ? uma das subst?ncias mais t?xicas encontradas na natureza, apresentou-se diminu?da j? a 0,01mM e perdeu a atividade total a 4mM, indicando sensibilidade a esse tipo de metal. A enzima ainda demonstrou capacidade degradativa sobre o heparan sulfato, sugerindo uma poss?vel aplica??o para produzir fragmentos desse glicosaminoglicano

β-Glucans have long been used as an immunostimulant in aquaculture. However, the relationship of its structure to its immunomodulatory properties are poorly understood. In this study, the particle size and chemical structure of β-glucans extracted from wild-type strain of baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and its null-mutant yeasts Gas1 were characterised. Using Sigma β-glucan as a reference, the immunomodulatory properties of these polysaccharides in the germ-free Artemia franciscana model system in the presence of Vibrio harveyi bacterial challenge were investigated. The survival of the A. franciscana nauplii, upon challenge with V. harveyi, was significantly higher in all three glucan-treated groups compared to the control. The glucan Gas1 with a lower degree of branching and shorter side chain length had the most prominent V. harveyi-protective effects. The particle size did not affect the nauplii survival when challenged with V. harveyi. Results also showed that the salutary effect of the tested glucans was associated with the upregulation of innate immune genes such as lipopolysaccharide and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein (lgbp), high mobility group box protein (hmgb), and prophenoloxidase (proPO). Interestingly, the up-regulation of superoxidase dismutase (sod) and glutathione-s-transferase (gst) was only observed in Gas1 treated group, indicating that Gas1 could function to induce higher reactive oxygen species and stronger immunomodulatory function in A. franciscana, and therefore higher survival rate. The expression of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), peroxinectin (pxn), and down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (dscam) remain unaltered in response to glucan treatment. Taken together, this study provides insights into the structure-function relationship of β-glucan and the results confirmed that β-glucan can be an effective immunostimulant in aquaculture, especially the Gas1 glucan.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:05:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IngridVA_TESE_Parcial.pdf: 1546645 bytes, checksum: 082397e35198d8c6624ddff83583508c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / without practical results so far. Protocols used in biotechnological cultured aquatic organisms aimed at increasing growth rates and disease resistance, have been studied and perfected. Among the available techniques, the application of chromosomal manipulation, although still nascent, is presented as a tool aimed at mitigating ecological and economical issues in shrimp farming. The polyploidization artificial method already employed in fish and shellfish, has been widely researched for use in farmed shrimp. Some limitations of this method of expansion in shrimp refer to a better knowledge of cytogenetic aspects, the level of sexual dimorphism and performance in growing conditions. To contribute on some of these issues, the present study aimed to characterize cytogenetic species Litopenaeus vannamei (Decapoda) and Artemia franciscana (Anostraca), analyze the effectiveness of methods for detection of ploidy, through the use of flow cytometry in processes of induction polyploidy cold thermal shock at different stages of development of newly fertilized eggs. Additionally, aimed also the qualitative and quantitative comparison of larval development between diploid and polyploid organisms, besides the identification of sexual dimorphism in L. vannamei, through geometric morphometrics. The results provide information relevant to the improvement and widespread use of biotechnological methods applied toward national productivity in shrimp farming / A melhoria gen?tica de planteis reprodutores, baseada no melhoramento cl?ssico tem sido tentada, mas sem resultados pr?ticos, at? o momento. Protocolos biotecnol?gicos utilizados em organismos aqu?ticos cultivados que visam aumentar as taxas de crescimento e resist?ncia a doen?as, v?m sendo estudados e aperfei?oados. Entre as t?cnicas dispon?veis, a aplica??o de manipula??o cromoss?mica, embora ainda incipiente, se apresenta como ferramenta voltada a mitigar quest?es ecol?gicas e econ?micas na carcinicultura. A poliploidiza??o artificial, m?todo j? empregado em peixes e moluscos, vem sendo largamente pesquisado para o uso em camar?es cultivados. Algumas limita??es da expans?o deste m?todo em camar?es se referem a um melhor conhecimento de aspectos citogen?ticos, do n?vel de dimorfismo sexual e performance em condi??es de cultivo. Visando contribuir sobre algumas destas quest?es, realizou-se ? caracteriza??o citogen?tica das esp?cies Litopenaeus vannamei (Decapoda) e Artemia franciscana (Anostraca), foi analisada tamb?m a efic?cia do uso da citometria de fluxo como m?todo de detec??o da ploidia em processos de indu??o artificial por choque t?rmico ? frio, em diferentes fases do desenvolvimento de ovos rec?m-fertilizados de Litopenaeus vannamei. Adicionalmente, visou-se, ainda, a compara??o qualitativa e quantitativa do desenvolvimento larval entre organismos diploides e poliploides, al?m da identifica??o do dimorfismo sexual em L. vannamei, por meio da morfometria geom?trica. Os resultados obtidos propiciam informa??es que contribuem para o aprimoramento e difus?o do uso aplicado de m?todos biotecnol?gicos voltados ao incremento da produtividade na carcinicultura nacional / 2020-01-01

Submitted by Alisson Mota (alisson.davidbeckam@gmail.com) on 2015-07-13T18:17:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Ana Lúcia Basílio Carneiro.pdf: 16610047 bytes, checksum: c4cd629d2777cd22001ca4ee47db8b8c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-15T18:51:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Ana Lúcia Basílio Carneiro.pdf: 16610047 bytes, checksum: c4cd629d2777cd22001ca4ee47db8b8c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-15T18:57:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Ana Lúcia Basílio Carneiro.pdf: 16610047 bytes, checksum: c4cd629d2777cd22001ca4ee47db8b8c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-15T18:57:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Ana Lúcia Basílio Carneiro.pdf: 16610047 bytes, checksum: c4cd629d2777cd22001ca4ee47db8b8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-15 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Tropical forests are species-rich reserves for the discovery and development of antimicrobial drugs. The aim of this work is to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial potential of Amazon plants found within the National Institute on Amazon Research’s Adolpho Ducke forest reserve, located in Manaus, state of Amazonas, Brazil. 75 methanol, chloroform and water extracts representing 12 plant species were tested for antimicrobial activity towards strains of Mycobacterium smegmatis, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus oralis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans using the gel-diffusion method. Active extracts were further evaluated to establish minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and antimicrobial profiles using bioautography on normal-phase thin-layer chromatography plates. Diclinanona calycina presented extracts with good antimicrobial activity and S. oralis and M. smegmatis were the most sensitive bacteria. D. calycina and Lacmellea gracilis presented extracts with the lowest MIC (48.8 μg/ml). D. calycina methanol and chloroform leaf extracts presented the best overall antimicrobial activity. All test organisms were sensitive to D. calycina branch chloroform extract in the bioautography assay. This is the first evaluation of the biological activity of these plant species and significant in vitro antimicrobial activity was detected in extracts and components from two species, D. calycina and L. gracilis. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade citotóxica, antitumoral e antimicrobiana de espécies vegetais amazônicas da Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA). As espécies vegetais sem estudos anteriores selecionadas e coletadas foram: Diclinanona calycina Benoist, (Annonaceae), Lacmellea gracilis (Mull. Arg.) Markgr. (Apocynaceae), Pleurisanthes parviflora (Ducke) Howard (Icacinaceae), Dilkea johannesii Berb. Rodr. (Passifloraceae), Sterigmapetalum obovatum Kuhlm. (Rhizophoraceae), Elaeoluma nuda (Baehni) Aubrév. (Sapotaceae). Após coleta e extração as amostras foram avaliadas quanto a citotoxicidade frente a Artemia franciscana e em linhagens de células tumorais. O potencial antimicrobiano foi determinado pelo método de difusão em ágar frente a Mycobacterium smegmatis, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sanguis, S. oralis, Staphylococcus aureus e Candida albicans. Extratos ativos foram conduzidos a avaliação da concentração inibitórioa mínima (CIM) e bioautografia para identificar Rfs de componentes antimicrobianos. Prospecção fitoquímica das espécies promissoras foi realizada para detecção dos principais constituintes químicos. Dos 38 extratos avaliados para toxicidade em A. franciscana, dois apresentaram valores de CL50 inferiores a 100 μg/mL, portanto, tóxicos para essa espécie. A menor CL50 foi do extrato de D. calycina obtido em clorofórmio com valor de 22,9 ± 0,8 μg/mL. No screening para atividade antitumoral, nove extratos representando quatro espécies vegetais foram considerados muito ativos (MA) frente à célula tumoral de sistema nervoso (E. nuda e S. obovatum), cólon (S. obovatum), mama (E.nuda) e leucemia (L. gracilis, P. parviflora, S. obovatum). A maioria dos 75 extratos analisados inibiram o crescimento dos microrganismos teste com halos entre 8 e 40 mm de diâmetro. Extratos de D. calycina demonstraram atividade antimicrobiana com CIM de 48,8 μg/mL frente a S. aureus, S. oralis e S. sanguis e 97,7 μg/mL e 195 μg/mL frente a M. smegmatis. L. gracilis foi ativa apenas contra M. smegmatis (CIM 48,8 μg/mL). A bioautografia confirmou o potencial antimicrobiano de D. calycina e L. gracilis. Todos os microrganismos avaliados por bioautografia foram sensíveis ao extrato de galho de D. calycina obtido em clorofórmio. Na prospecção fitoquímica detectou-se a presença de fenóis, taninos, flavonóides, alcalóides e antraquinonas, em extratos de D. calycina e antraquinonas e cumarinas na espécie L. gracilis. Assim, a seleção permitiu identificar espécies vegetais amazônicas com atividade antimicrobiana e antitumoral in vitro e sugerir as espécies D. calycina, L. gracilis, E. nuda e S. obovatum para apreciação detalhada em outros estudos, pois poderão ter aplicação terapêutica no tratamento de doenças infecciosas e câncer.

Στην παρούσα μελέτη πραγματοποιήθηκε εκτίμηση της τοξικότητας των τελικών εκροών πριν και μετά το στάδιο της απολύμανσης (με τη χρήση της μεθόδους της χλωρίωσης) από το σταθμό βιολογικής επεξεργασίας των αστικών αποβλήτων της Πάτρας με την χρήση βιοδεικτών (biotest). Η μελέτη των τοξικών επιπτώσεων αυτών των εκροών και από τα δύο στάδια πραγματοποιήθηκε σε οργανισμούς-Βιοδείκτες τόσο των γλυκών όσο και αλμυρών υδάτων, όπως οι οργανισμοί Thamnocephalus platyurus και Artemia franciscana (με τη μορφή βιοτέστ Thamnotoxkit F και Artoxkit MTM αντίστοιχα), όσο και σε φυτικά είδη, όπως τα Sorghum saccharatum, Lepidum sativum και Sinapis alba (με τη μορφή Phytotoxkit). Επιπλέον έγινε ανίχνευση του μικροβιακού φορτίου πριν και μετά το στάδιο της χλωρίωσης, για την εκτίμηση της αποτελεσματικότητας της μεθόδου απολύμανσης των εκροών, καθώς και χημική ανάλυσή τους. Σύμφωνα με τα αποτελέσματα της παρούσας μελέτης, οι τελικές εκροές υγρών αποβλήτων που καταλήγουν στο στάδιο της απολύμανσης, με τη μέθοδο της χλωρίωσης παρουσιάζουν μεγάλες διακυμάνσεις τόσο στις φυσικοχημικές παραμέτρους και στη συγκέντρωση βαρέων μετάλλων που μετρήθηκαν, όσο και στην τοξικότητα που μπορεί να επιφέρουν στους οργανισμούς που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν. Τα αποτελέσματα της παρούσας μελέτης έδειξαν την αποτελεσματικότητα της μεθόδου όσο αφορά τη μείωση του μικροβιακού φορτίου των τελικών εκροών. Αντίθετα, η μελέτη τοξικότητας των τελικών εκροών με τη χρήση οργανισμών τόσο του γλυκού όσο και του αλμυρού νερού (Thamnocephalus platyurus και Artemia franciscana αντίστοιχα), καθώς και σε φυτικούς οργανισμούς (Sorgum saccharatum, Sinapsis alba και Lepidum sativum) έδειξε σημαντικές εποχικές μεταβολές στην επαγωγή τοξικών φαινομένων. Συγκεκριμένα, οι εκροές (μετά το στάδιο της χλωρίωσης effluents) φαίνεται να είναι λιγότερο τοξικές για τους οργανισμούς του αλμυρού νερού, συγκριτικά με τις τοξικές επιπτώσεις που προκαλούν οι εκροές πριν το στάδιο της χλωρίωσης (influents). Αντίθετα, οι εκροές που προκύπτουν μετά το στάδιο της χλωρίωσης παρουσιάζουν μεγαλύτερη τοξικότητα σε οργανισμούς του γλυκού νερού, σε σχέση με τις επιπτώσεις που προκαλούν οι εκροές πριν το στάδιο της χλωρίωσης, ενώ παρατηρήθηκε σημαντική αναστολή της αυξητικής ικανότητας των ειδών Sorgum saccharatum και Sinapsis alba σε κάθε περίπτωση. Συμπερασματικά, από τα αποτελέσματα της παρούσας μελέτης, φαίνεται η αποτελεσματικότητα της μεθόδου απολύμανσης των τελικών εκροών, όσο αφορά την απαλλαγή τους από μολυσματικούς παράγοντες, αλλά αναδεικνύονται τα προβλήματα τοξικότητας που μπορεί να επιφέρουν οι τελικές εκροές σε οργανισμούς των τελικών υδάτινων αποδεκτών (γλυκό και αλμυρό νερό), καθώς και η αναποτελεσματικότητα της χρήσης των τελικών εκροών σε δραστηριότητες όπως η άρδευση, λόγω της αναστολής που προκαλεί η χρήση τους σε φυτικούς οργανισμούς. / In this study was estimated the toxicity of the final effluents before and after the stage of disinfection (using the method of chlorination) in the wastewater treatment plant of Patras using bioindicators (biotest).The study of the toxic effects of these effluents and of the two stages was performed on organisms bioindicators both in freshwater and salt water, such as Thamnocephalus platyurus and Artemia franciscana (in the form of biotest Thamnotoxkit F and Artoxkit MTM respectively) and on plant species such as Sorghum saccharatum, Lepidum sativum and Sinapis alba (in the form of Phytotoxkit). Moreover the treated effluents were tested for microbiological parameters before and after the stage of chlorination, to assess the effectiveness of the method of disinfection of effluents, and also a chemical analysis was performed. According to the results of this study, the final effluents of wastewater that end in the process of disinfection, with the method of chlorination, vary widely both in physicochemical parameters and heavy metals that were measured, and as well the toxicity that can cause to organisms used. The results of this study showed the effectiveness of the method as regards reducing the microbial load of the final effluents. Instead, the study of final effluents toxicity using organisms of both fresh and saltwater (Thamnocephalus platyurus and Artemia franciscana, respectively) and in plant organisms (Sorgum saccharatum, Sinapsis alba and Lepidum sativum) showed significant seasonal changes in the induction of toxic reactions. Specifically, the effluents (after-chlorination effluents) seem to be less toxic for organisms of salt water, compared with the toxic effects caused by effluents before the stage of chlorination (influents). However, the effluents after the stage of chlorination are toxic in freshwater organisms compared to the effects caused by effluents before the stage of chlorination, while there was significant inhibition of growth capacity of species Sorgum saccharatum, Sinapsis alba in each case. In conclusion, the results of this study show the effectiveness of the method of disinfection of final effluents, as regards the discharge from contaminants, but highlighted the problems of toxicity that the final effluents can cause to organisms in the final water receiver (fresh and salty water), and the inefficiency of using of final effluents in activities such as irrigation, due to the inhibition caused by their use in plant organisms.