Thesis (M.S.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 21, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.

Submitted by CHESTON CÉSAR HONORATO PEREIRA null (cheston@bol.com.br) on 2016-01-19T22:39:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Cheston_Cesar_Honorato_Pereira.pdf: 2607975 bytes, checksum: 4fe741cf6ad1a893c8fbc6017c62699a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Manzano de Almeida (smanzano@marilia.unesp.br) on 2016-01-20T16:40:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_cch_dr_jabo.pdf: 2607975 bytes, checksum: 4fe741cf6ad1a893c8fbc6017c62699a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-20T16:40:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_cch_dr_jabo.pdf: 2607975 bytes, checksum: 4fe741cf6ad1a893c8fbc6017c62699a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Estudou-se a anatomia do timo em 30 filhotes de avestruzes, 13 machos e 17 fêmeas com idade variando entre 10 a 20 dias, mediante fixação de cada ave em solução aquosa de formol a 10%. As cadeias de lobos tímicos localizaram-se no terço distal da região ventral do pescoço, dispondo-se de forma linear e paralela, desde a décima primeira até a décima quinta vértebra cervical, relacionando-se com o nervo vago e veia jugular. O número de lobos variou de 1 a 3 e 1 ou 2, para os antímero direito e esquerdo respectivamente. A média das dimensões dos lobos foram 2,09 x 0,71 x 0,41 cm para o lobo cranial, 0,69 x 0,38 x 0,27 cm para o lobo médio e 0,55 x 0,33 x 0,29 cm para o lobo caudal do antímero direito. No antímero esquerdo foram registrados de 2,14 x 0,71 x 0,37 cm para o lobo cranial e 0,60 x 0,31 x 0,22 cm para o lobo caudal. Os lobos tímicos direitos e esquerdos mostraram-se nutridos, em todos os casos, por vasos oriundos, direta e exclusivamente, das artérias comuns dos nervos vagos, esofágicas ascendentes e cervicais cutâneas ascendentes direitas e esquerdas. Os lobos tímicos do antímero direito receberam, independentemente de sua origem, de um a cinco ramos e do antímero esquerdo, houve uma variação de um a quatro ramos. A morfologia e vascularização arterial do timo apresentaram comportamentos bem definidos, possuindo características comuns que identificam a espécie que foi objeto de nosso estudo. / It was studied the morphology and the biometry of the thymus in 30 young ostriches, 13 males and 17 females aged from 10 to 20 days, by setting each bird in aqueous solution of 10% formaldehyde. Chains of thymic lobes were located in the third distal part of the ventral neck, offering up linear and parallel, from the eleventh to the fifteenth cervical vertebra, relating to the vagus nerve and jugular vein. The number of lobes varied from 1 to 3 and 1 or 2, to right and left antimeres respectively. The average dimensions of the lobes were 2.09 x 0.71 x 0.41 cm to the cranial lobe, 0.69 x 0.38 x 0.27 cm to the middle lobe and the 55 x 0.33 x 0.29 cm to the caudal lobe of the right side. On left antimere were found the average dimensions of the lobes of 2.14 x 0.71 x 0.37 cm for cranial lobes and 0.60 x 0.31 x 0.22 cm to the caudal lobes. Thymic right and left lobes shown to be nourished , in all cases , for vessels coming directly and exclusively , common arteries of the vagus nerves , skin and cervical esophageal ascending upward right and left . Thymic lobes of the right side received , regardless of its source , from one to five branches and left antimere , there was a variation of one to four branches. The morphology and thymus biometrics showed well-defined behaviors, possessing common characteristic who characterized the specie that was the subject of our study.

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of the mortality in the western world. Many imaging modalities have been used to diagnose cardiovascular diseases. However, each has different forms of noise and artifacts that make the medical image analysis field important and challenging. This thesis is concerned with developing fully automatic segmentation methods for cross-sectional coronary arterial imaging in particular, intra-vascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography, by incorporating prior and tracking information without any user intervention, to effectively overcome various image artifacts and occlusions. Combinatorial optimisation methods are proposed to solve the segmentation problem in polynomial time. A node-weighted directed graph is constructed so that the vessel border delineation is considered as computing a minimum closed set. A set of complementary edge and texture features is extracted. Single and double interface segmentation methods are introduced. Novel optimisation of the boundary energy function is proposed based on a supervised classification method. Shape prior model is incorporated into the segmentation framework based on global and local information through the energy function design and graph construction. A combination of cross-sectional segmentation and longitudinal tracking is proposed using the Kalman filter and the hidden Markov model. The border is parameterised using the radial basis functions. The Kalman filter is used to adapt the inter-frame constraints between every two consecutive frames to obtain coherent temporal segmentation. An HMM-based border tracking method is also proposed in which the emission probability is derived from both the classification-based cost function and the shape prior model. The optimal sequence of the hidden states is computed using the Viterbi algorithm. Both qualitative and quantitative results on thousands of images show superior performance of the proposed methods compared to a number of state-of-the-art segmentation methods.

As lesões estenóticas ou oclusivas das artérias renais podem levar à isquemia do parênquima renal com conseqüente hipertensão arterial (hipertensão arterial renovascular) e perda de função renal (nefropatia isquêmica). Estas duas entidades podem ser tratadas por medicamentos, cirurgia ou angioplastia transluminal percutânea. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o sucesso técnico e funcional da angioplastia em lesões estenóticas ou oclusivas das artérias renais em doentes portadores de hipertensão arterial renovascular e nefropatia isquêmica. Tratamos 131 doentes hipertensos com ou sem alteração da função renal (55 do sexo masculino e 76 feminino), que apresentavam 191 artérias renais comprometidas (148 estenoses e 43 oclusões) e com média de idade de 45,83 ± 17,4 anos (4 a 77 anos). A etiologia da lesão da artéria renal foi a aterosclerose em 65 doentes (49,61%), displasia fibromuscular em 41 (31,29%), arterite de Takayasu em 13 (9,92%) e outras causas em 12 (9,16%). O nível sérico de creatinina era normal em 70 (53,43%) e alterado em 61 (46,58%). O sucesso técnico foi obtido em 93 doentes (70,99%) e em 123 artérias renais (75,46%). O seguimento foi, em média, de quatro anos (2 a 8 anos), sendo que ao final deste período houve redução de 37,80 ± 33,46 mmHg e 28,66 ± 24,74 mmHg nos níveis da PA sistólica e diastólica, respectivamente. Houve cura da hipertensão arterial em nove doentes (11,25%), melhora em 59 (73,75%), permaneceu inalterada em oito (10%) e piorou em quatro (5%). A função renal ficou normal em 36 doentes (45%), melhorou em 11 (13,75%), manteve-se em 26 (32,5%) e piorou em sete (8,75%). Houve recidiva em 14 casos (17,5%), sendo 11 casos (78,57%) tratados com sucesso com nova angioplastia. Conclusão: consideramos que a angioplastia transluminal percutânea pode ser indicada como opção para o tratamento das lesões estenóticas e/ou oclusivas das artérias renais nos doentes com hipertensão renovascular e nefropatia isquêmica / The occlusive and stenotic lesions of the renal arteries can lead to a renal parenchyma ischemia with vascular hypertension resultant (reno vascular hypertension) and loss of renal function (nephropathy ischemic). These two conditions can be treated by medications, surgery or Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty (PTA). The objective of this work was assessing the technical and functional success of PTA in stenotic or occlusive lesions of renal arteries in patients having renovascular hypertension and nephropathy ischemic. We treated 131 hypertensive ill people with or without alteration in the renal function (55 males and 76 females) who presented 191 damaged renal arteries (148 stenosis and 43 occlusions) and age range of 45.83+ 17.4 years old (4 to 77 years old). The etiology of the lesion in the renal artery was atherosclerosis in 65 ill people (49.61%), fibro muscular dysplasia in 41 (31.29%), Takayasu\'s disease in 13 (9.92%), and other causes in 12 (9.16%). The plasma creatinine level was normal in 70 (53.43%) and altered in 61 (46.58%). The technical success was obtained in 93 ill people (70.99%) and in 123 renal arteries (75.46%). The follow-up lasted in average for 4 years (2 to 8 years), in which the end of the period there was a decrease of 37.80+33.46 mmHg and 28.66+24.74 mmHg in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels respectively. There was a cure of artery hypertension in 9 ill people (11.25%), better results in 59 (73.75%), no alteration in 8 (10%) and worsening in 4 (5%). The plasma creatinine level increased in 10% (SD), although the renal function remained normal in 36 ill people (45%), better in 11 (13.75%), remained the same in 26 (32.5%) and got worse in 7 (8.75%). There was a reoccurrence in 14 cases (17.5%), in which 11 cases (78.57%) were treated successfully with new PTA. Conclusion: it was considered that PTA can be indicated as an option for the treatment of stenotic and occlusive lesions of the renal arteries in ill people with renovascular hypertension and nephropathy ischemic

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-01-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:00:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000742559.pdf: 13014017 bytes, checksum: a5241c31641f3c43bf9641a5f7f9217f (MD5) / O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o impacto no corpo cavernoso causado pela lesão isolada do nervo e artéria cavernosa, assim como determinar o efeito da tadalafila (IPDE-5) na remodelação tecidual, utilizando um modelo experimental de ratos. 50 ratos machos, da raça Whistar, pesando entre 250 e 350 gramas, foram aleatoriamente divididos, de forma randomizada em cinco grupos. Grupo 1 (G1): controle cirúrgico - CCir (n=10), submetidos apenas a exposição do feixe vásculo nervoso peri prostático. Grupo 2 (G2): Lesão Nervosa Isolada - LNI (n=10), os animais foram submetidos a lesão seletiva do nervo cavernoso bilateralmente. Grupo 3 (G3): Lesão Vascular Isolada - LVI (n=10), os animais foram submetidos a lesão seletiva da artéria cavernosa bilateralmente. Grupo 4 (G4): Lesão Nervosa Isolada + Tadalafila - LNI+T (n=10), os animais foram submetidos a lesão do nervo cavernoso bilateralmente e receberam tadalafila na dose de 5mg/Kg/dia. Grupo 5 (G5): Lesão Vascular Isolada + Tadalafila - LVI+T (n=10), os animais foram submetidos a lesão seletiva da artéria cavernosa bilateralmente e receberam tadalafila na dose de 5mg/Kg/dia. A tadalafila foi administrada pelo período de 45 dias, quando os animais foram sacrificados e o corpo cavernoso foi removido em bloco para análise histomorfométrica. A organização e composição microestrutural do corpo cavernoso foram avaliadas por histomorfometria, imunohostoquímica e métodos bioquímicos. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo teste de comparações múltiplas de Bonferroni. Entre os grupos avaliados não houve diferença entra as áreas de secção peniana, demonstrando homogeneidade entre os mesmos. O volume de músculo liso diminuiu significativamente no grupo com lesão neural (G2), quando comparado ao controle (12,87±1,90 vs 21,78±1,81 p< 0,05), o que não ocorreu no grupo com lesão neural tratado com... / This study aims to evaluate the impact on the corpus cavernosum caused by isolated injury of the cavernous nerve and artery, as well as determine the effect of tadalafil (IPDE-5) on tissue remodeling, using a rat experimental model. Fifty (50) male Whistar rats, weighing between 250 and 350 grams, were divided randomly into five groups. Group 1 (G1): surgical control - SCon (n=10) having undergone only exposure of the periprostatic neurovascular bundle. Group 2 (G2): Isolated Nerve Lesion - INL (n=10), the animals were subjected to selective cavernous nerve injury, bilaterally. Group 3 (G3): Isolated Vascular Lesion - IVL (n=10), the animals were subjected to selective cavernous artery injury, bilaterally. Group 4 (G4): Isolated Nerve Lesion + Tadalafil - INL+T (n=10), the animals were subjected to cavernous nerve injury, bilaterally, and received tadalafil in a dosage of 5mg/kg/day. Group 5 (G5): Isolated Vascular Lesion + Tadalafil - IVL+T (n=10), the animals were subjected to selective cavernous artery injury, bilaterally, and received tadalafil in a dosage of 5mg/kg/day. The tadalafil was administered for a 45 day period, then the animals were sacrificed and the corpus cavernosum was removed en bloc for histomorphometric analysis. The organization and microstructural composition of the corpus cavernosum were assessed through histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical methods. Statistical analysis was performed using the Bonferroni multiple comparisons test. RESULTS: Among the groups evaluated, there was no difference between the penile section areas, demonstrating their consistency. The volume of smooth muscle decreased significantly in the group with nerve injury (G2) when compared with the control (12.87±1.90 vs 21.78±1.81 p<0.05), which did not occur in the group with nerve injury treated with tadalafil (G4). Sinusoidal space volume decreased both in the group with vascular injury ...

The group of patients consists of 13 patients with embolization bleeding treatment of unresectable tumors of the urinary bladder, hemorrhagic cystitis and iatrogenically caused bleeding during surgery. The patients underwent digital substraction angiography of internal iliac arteries from the retrograde femoral approach and after pathological findings of hypervasculazation or extravasation in 10 patients was followed by bilateral embolization of both internal iliac arteries, one just the right internal iliac artery. In all patients the bleeding cessation occured in few days after surgery. In 8 patients relapsed hematuria occurred averaged over 2 and a half months.

Orientador: Wilson Nadruz Júnior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T13:35:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kiyota_TatianaAlves_M.pdf: 1139967 bytes, checksum: 0c3fa607148dd5318d2176edb791c325 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Pacientes hipertensos exibem aumento do risco para desenvolvimento de eventos cardiovasculares e redução da função pulmonar quando comparados com a população geral. Contudo, ainda não está claro se esta associação se origina da coexistência de doenças altamente prevalentes ou de ações diretas ou indiretas de mecanismos fisiopatológicos em comum. Este estudo investigou a associação entre características das artérias carótidas e função pulmonar em hipertensos não fumantes com função pulmonar supostamente normal. Pacientes hipertensos (n=67) foram avaliados transversalmente por análises clínicas, hemodinâmicas, laboratoriais e ultrassom de carótidas. A capacidade vital forçada (CVF), o volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1) e no sexto segundo (VEF6) e a idade pulmonar foram medidos por espirometria. Os indivíduos com anormalidades ventilatórias de acordo com o consenso da American Thoracic Society/ European Respiratory Society foram excluídos. Análises bivariadas mostraram que a idade pulmonar e o percentual do previsto para parâmetros espirométricos correlacionaram-se com espessura íntima-média, diâmetro e rigidez da artéria carótida comum. Níveis séricos de Proteína C-reativa e metaloproteinases 2 e 9 não influenciaram esta relação. Na análise de regressão tipo stepwise, a idade pulmonar foi o parâmetro espirométrico que exibiu os coeficientes de regressão mais significativos com as características carotídeas. Em conclusão, o declínio da função pulmonar, particularmente quando avaliado pela idade pulmonar, está independentemente associado com alterações estruturais carotídeas em indivíduos hipertensos não fumantes com função pulmonar supostamente normal / Abstract: Hypertensive patients exhibit higher cardiovascular risk and reduced lung function compared to the general population. Whether this association stems from the coexistence of two highly prevalent diseases or from direct or indirect links of pathophysiological mechanisms is presently unclear. This study investigated the association between lung function and carotid features in non-smoking hypertensive subjects with supposed normal lung function. Hypertensive patients (n=67) were cross-sectionally evaluated by clinical, hemodynamic, laboratory and carotid ultrasound analysis. Forced vital capacity, forced expired volume in 1s and in 6s and lung age were estimated by spirometry. Subjects with ventilatory abnormalities according to current guidelines were excluded. Bivariate analysis showed that lung age and the percentage of predicted spirometric parameters correlated with common carotid intima-media thickness, diameter and stiffness. C-reactive protein and matrix-metalloproteinases-2/9 levels did not influence this relationship. At stepwise regression analyses, lung age was the spirometric parameter exhibiting the most significant regression coefficients with carotid features. In conclusion, decline in lung function, particularly when assessed by lung age, is independently associated with carotid structural alterations in non-smoking hypertensive subjects with supposed normal lung function / Mestrado / Clinica Medica / Mestra em Clínica Médica

Plasma membrane calcium ATPase 4 (PMCA4) is a calcium extrusion pump which may also modulate Ca2+-triggered signal transduction pathways. Previous studies postulate that PMCA4 modulates signalling via an interaction with neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in localised plasmalemmal microdomains. The effect of PMCA4 on vascular contractility is unclear. This project has utilised PMCA4 ablated mice (PMCA4 KO (-/-)) and a novel specific PMCA4 inhibitor (termed AP2) to study the role of PMCA4 in mouse resistance artery contractility.Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the absence of PMCA4 in the brain, vasculature and ear snips obtained from PMCA4 KO (-/-) mice whereas it was present in those from wild type (WT (+/+)) mice. Pressure myography was employed to assesss contractile function of isolated, pressurised (to 60 mmHg) mesenteric resistance arteries from 3 months old male PMCA4 KO (-/-) and WT (+/+) mice, in response to high K+ physiological salt solution (KPSS) (40mM & 100mM) and noradrenaline (NA) (Log[NA] -9.0 to -5.0M). Passive lumen diameter and left and right wall thicknesses of arteries from PMAC4 KO (-/-) and WT (+/+) mice were taken at transmural pressures of 5-140 mmHg. Effects of acute PMCA4 inhibition with AP2 (10µM and 1µM), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition with LNNA (100µM) and specific nNOS inhibition with Vinyl-L-Nio (10µM) were also investigated. Effects of PMCA4 ablation and AP2 (10µM) on global intracellular Ca2+ changes ([Ca2+]i) in pressurised mesenteric arteries were assessed after loading arteries with the Ca2+-sensitive indicator indo-1. PMCA4 ablation had no effect on the magnitude of arterial constrictions or on the changes of [Ca2+]i in response to KPSS (40mM & 100mM) or to noradrenaline. The passive intra-lumen diameter, wall thickness, wall to lumen diameter and cross sectional area of mesenteric arteries across the intravascular pressure range studied were also not modulated by PMCA4 ablation. A leftwards shift in the stress to strain relationship and significant increase in beta elastic modulus (β) were revealed in arteries from PMCA4 KO (-/-) mice compared to those from WT (+/+) mice, suggesting that PMCA4 ablation reduces mesenteric arterial distensibility. Acute PMCA4 inhibition with AP2, significantly reduced arterial constrictions and the increase in [Ca2+]i in response to noradrenaline in arteries from WT (+/+) mice, but had no effect on arterial constrictions elicited by arteries from PMCA4 KO (-/-) mice. Inhibitory effects of AP2 were not present in arteries after NOS inhibition by LNNA and also after nNOS inhibition with Vinly-L-Nio. Hence, PMCA4 inhibition with AP2 reduces vascular constriction by a nNOS-dependent mechanism.In conclusion, the main findings of the study were that ablation and acute inhibition of PMCA4 with AP2 have different effects on mouse mesenteric resistance arterial contractility. This study provides more insight into PMCA4 as a significant modulator of signalling within the vasculature via effects on nNOS.

Foram utilizadas vinte tartarugas da espécie Trachemys scripta elegans, sendo duas fêmeas jovens, quatro fêmeas adultas, oito machos jovens e seis machos adultos. Inicialmente, retiramos o plastrão, isolamos o coração e, já na aorta descendente, introduzimos uma cânula antes da bifurcação da aorta para injeção de solução de látex corado com pigmento vermelho para identificarmos as artérias com maior precisão. Após a injeção, os animais foram colocados em solução aquosa de formaldeído 20% por período não inferior a 72 horas e, após esse período, dissecamos as artérias responsáveis pela irrigação do baço. Observamos em 30% dos casos, o baço posicionado caudalmente ao cólon transverso e, em 70%, cranialmente ao mesmo, mas sempre apoiado neste segmento intestinal. Com relação à irrigação do baço, observamos que em 95% dos casos, o maior aporte sangüíneo era proveniente da artéria mesentérica cranial, onde apenas 30% dos animais apresentavam irrigação somente pela artéria lienal; já em 40% apresentavam irrigação pela artéria lienal e pequenos ramos da artéria cólica esquerda. Em 5% dos casos era irrigado pela artéria lienal e por um único ramo emitido por uma das artérias jejunais, 5% eram irrigados pela artéria lienal e por um ramo da artéria pancreaticaduodenal cranial e por uma artéria que tinha origem no tronco comum das artérias jejunais; 15% dos animais tinham seu baço irrigado pela artéria lienal e por ramos da artéria pancreaticaduodenal cranial. Em 5% dos animais observamos o baço sendo irrigado apenas por ramificações da artéria cólica esquerda. / This study was conduct using 20 turtles specie Trachemys scripta elegans, which 2 young females, 4 adults females, 8 young males and 6 adults males. Initially, it was took the hoof belly and, isolating the heart to identify more precisely the arteries was injected latex solution with red pigment through aorta descendens with one thin tube before aorta\'s bifurcation. After the latex injection, all the animals were submerged in 20% formaldeid water solution by a period of more than 72 hours. After that period, the arteries responsible by spleen irrigation were dissected. It was found in 30% of the cases the spleen was positioned behind colon transversum; and in 70% in front of colon transversum. Regarding the spleen irrigation, it was observed in 100% of the cases that arteria lienalis had its origin in arteria mesenterica cranialis. Which 30% had irrigation only by arteria lienalis. In 40% the irrigation was done by arteria lienalis and small branches of arteria colica sinistra. In 5% of the cases it was irrigated by arteria lienalis and by na unique branch sent by one of arteriae jejunales. In 5% of the cases the irrigation through arteria lienalis and by one branch of arteria pancreaticaduodenalis cranialis, and also by one artery with origin in the common trunk from arteriae jejunales. In 15% from the animals, irrigation was done by arteria lienalis and by branches from arteria pancreaticaduodenalis cranialis. In 5% of the cases the spleen was irrigated just by ramifications of arteria colica sinistra.

La physiopathologie des hypertensions pulmonaires (HP) reste encore imparfaitement comprise. Plusieurs mécanismes interviennent dans le développement et la progression du remodelage vasculaire pulmonaire. Les perturbations de communications intercellulaires et l’activation de certaines voies de signalisation sont des phénomènes importants contribuant à l’accumulation excessive de cellules au sein de la paroi des petites artères pulmonaires.Par ailleurs, des facteurs génétiques et environnementaux peuvent prédisposer ou faciliter la progression de ce remodelage vasculaire.L’existence de modifications des micro-vaisseaux pulmonaires pré- et post-capillaires et bronchiques dans l’hypertensionn pulmonaire post-embolique et l’hypertension artérielle pulmonaire represente un aspect nouveau de ces deux maladies et permettra d’améliorer sur le long terme la prise en charge de ces patients. Ces altérations vasculaires sont aussi présentes dans deux modèles animaux d’étude d’hypertension pulmonaire, validant la pertinence d’approfondir nos connaissances au travers de ces outils expérimentaux. / The pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH) remains unclear. Différent mechanisms are involved in the vascular remodeling in PH. The disruption of cellular interactions and the activation of specific signalling pathways contribute to the development and progression of the structural changes in small pulmonary arteries. Moreover, environmental and genetic factors may predispose to this vascular disease.The alterations of pulmonary micro-vessels and of bronchial circulation in chronic thromboembolic disease and in pulmonary arterial hypertension represent a new finding in such diseases, with potential implications in the managment of patients. Pulmonary microvascular changes and bronchial circulation remodeling are also idenfied in selected animal models of PH.