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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
531

Recherche de liens entre expression d'ARN non codants et physiopathologies articulaires, utilisation des microARN comme biomarqueurs du phénotype chondrocytaire / Search for links between non-coding RNAs and joint pathophysiology : the use of microRNAs as chondrocyte phenotype biomarkers

Clément, Thomas 10 September 2014 (has links)
L’arthrose est la pathologie articulaire la plus répandue et, avec l’allongement de l’espérance de vie, sa prévalence ne cesse d’augmenter. Elle se caractérise par une dégénérescence du cartilage articulaire associée à une inflammation synoviale et un remodelage anormal de l’os sous-chondral, qui résultent en une perte progressive de mobilité et des douleurs très handicapantes. Dans le cartilage, le chondrocyte est le seul type cellulaire et il est responsable de la synthèse des composants de la matrice extracellulaire (collagènes, protéoglycanes). Au cours de l’arthrose, le phénotype du chondrocyte est altéré et la balance synthèse/dégradation des composants matriciels est déséquilibrée en faveur de la dégradation du cartilage. Il n’existe actuellement aucun traitement permettant de ralentir efficacement l’évolution du processus arthrosique, de sorte que la recherche de biomarqueurs pertinents et de cibles thérapeutiques potentielles est en pleine effervescence depuis l’explosion de l’étude des microARNs. Les microARNs sont des petits ARNs non codants régulant négativement l’expression des gènes. On estime que 50% des gènes sont potentiellement régulés par les miARNs. Les miARNs semblent impliqués dans tous les processus biologiques majeurs tels que la différenciation cellulaire, l’apoptose ou encore la cancérisation. Ces petits ARN non codants sont donc des biomarqueurs potentiels très intéressants. Au cours de ces travaux de thèse l’implication des miARN dans la régulation du phénotype chondrocytaire a été étudiée. A partir d’un modèle de perte du phénotype chondrocytaire différencié, provoquée par des repiquages successifs ou une stimulation par l’IL-1β les variations du profil d’expression des miARNs ont été analysées par l’utilisation de puces dédiées. Ces données ont permis de mettre en évidence 43 miARNs candidats dont le cluster miR-23~27b~24-1 et miR-29b. L’étude de la régulation de la production différentielle des miARNs de ce cluster a été entreprise, sans que nous parvenions toutefois à apporter une réponse formelle sur les mécanismes impliqués. Néanmoins, nous avons identifié miR-29b comme un régulateur négatif de l’expression du gène codant Col-IIa1 au cours de la perte du phénotype différencié, ainsi que chez les chondrocytes « arthrosiques ». Enfin, comme il a été montré au laboratoire que l’équilibre entre les concentrations extracellulaires de pyrophosphate/phosphate inorganique (ePi/ePPi) était essentiel au maintien du phénotype chondrocytaire différencié, nous nous sommes intéressés à la régulation des gènes codant les acteurs protéiques impliqués dans cette balance (ANK, PC1, Pit-1 et TNAP). A partir de prédictions de cibles par analyse in silico, un panel de 4 miARNs candidats a été établi : let7e, miR-9, miR-188 et miR-219. Nos travaux avec des systèmes rapporteurs ont démontré l’implication de miR-9 en tant que régulateur négatif de l’expression des gènes PC-1, Pit-1 et TNAP, de façon cohérente ou non avec les prédictions bio-informatiques. / Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most frequent joint disease and its prevalence still grows with the increase in lifespan. OA is characterized by articular cartilage degeneration, together with synovitis and abnormal subchondral bone remodeling, leading to progressive loss of mobility and pain. Chondrocyte is the unique cell type in cartilage which accounts for the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) components (collagens, proteoglycans). During OA, chondrocyte phenotype is altered and the balance between ECM synthesis and degradation is impaired towards cartilage degradation. To date no treatment can efficiently reduce OA progression so that the search for reliable biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets is very active, particularly since the discovery of microRNAs. miRNAs are estimated to regulate 50% of cellular genes. They contribute to major cellular processes such as cell differentiation, apoptosis or tumorigenesis. Therefore, miRNAs are interesting putative biomarkers. During this PhD thesis, we studied the contribution of miARNs to the control of chondrocyte phenotype. Using a model of chondrocyte differentiated phenotype loss induced by extensive subculturing or IL-1β challenge we studied changes in miRNAs profile with microarrays. We determined a panel of 43 varying miRNA including the miR-23~27b~24-1 cluster and miR-29b. The differential production of miRNAs from this cluster has been investigated, but we didn’t succeed in identifying the underlying mechanisms. However, we identified miR-29b as a negative post-transcriptional regulator of Col-IIa1 during differentiated phenotype loss and OA. Finally, as equilibrium between extracellular levels of inorganic phosphate and pyrophosphate (ePi/ePPi) was previously shown in the laboratory to be crucial for the maintenance of a differentiated chondrocyte phenotype, we studied the regulation of the genes encoding the 4 proteins regulating this balance (ANK, PC1, Pit-1 and TNAP). From in silico analysis, we selected a panel of 4 miRNAs: let7e, miR-9, miR-188 and miR-219. Using reporter assays, we showed that miR-9 was a negative regulator of PC-1, Pit-1 and TNAP, according or not to bioinformatics prediction
532

Příspěvek k radiodiagnostice a k léčbě vybraných patologických lézí femuru v dětském a dospělém věku / Contribution to radiodiagnostics and to treatment of chosen pathological lesions of femur in childhood and in adults

Horák, Martin January 2014 (has links)
7 Abstract (AJ) Introduction Radiology examination using specialized modern imaging methods, including CT and MRI, is essential in the diagnosis of congenital and acquired diseases of the musculoskeletal system. The first part of the dissertation deals with certain congenital defects of the short femur, known in the literature as proximal femoral focal deficiency (PFFD). This part summarizes our experience with the radiological findings in the preoperative and postoperative period, with the main attention to the vascular supply to the affected area. The second part of the presentation deals with some aspects of autologous chondrocyte transplantation fixed at two different carriers implanted into post-traumatic articular cartilage defects of the distal femur. Radiological findings are evaluated in the relation to the histopathological findings. Objectives The first part of the study after the distribution of patients with PFFD by current commonly used radiographic classification sets the objective in the extent of scans of the hip joints to specify diagnosis PFFD in each patient and to evaluate in detail changes in the area of disability, especially a course of blood vessels. The evaluation of the radiation burden of repeated X-ray measurements was done with respect to the age of the patients. Tissue samples...
533

Efeito da associação da triancinolona à viscossuplementação do joelho / Effect of the addition of corticosteroid to viscosupplementation of the knee

Gustavo Constantino de Campos 19 March 2014 (has links)
O presente estudo destinou-se a avaliar se os resultados clínicos iniciais da viscossuplementação poderiam ser melhorados com a adição de corticosteróide. As injeções intra-articulares são usadas há muitos anos no tratamento da osteoartrite dos joelhos, principalmente com suspensões cristalinas de corticosteróides. A viscossuplementação é uma intervenção relativamente nova, atualmente recomendada no tratamento da osteoartrite. Trata-se da injeção de ácido hialurônico exógeno em articulações diartrodiais, visando, além de restaurar as propriedades reológicas do líquido sinovial, efeitos modificadores da doença osteoartrite. Revisões sistemáticas mostram que a melhora clínica ocorre em duas a cinco semanas após a viscossuplementação. Comparando-se a viscossuplementação com a injeção intraarticular com corticosteróides, dados recentes sugerem maior eficiência no alívio da dor nas quatro primeiras semanas após a infiltração com corticosteróides, similaridade dos procedimentos ao redor da quarta semana e melhores resultados com a viscossuplementação após a oitava semana. Este inicio de ação mais tardio, associado a relatos de sinovite reacional após a viscossuplementação podem desencorajar médicos e pacientes ao uso desta modalidade de tratamento. No presente estudo foram avaliados 104 pacientes em tratamento para osteoartrite do joelho no grupo de doenças osteometabólicas do Instituto de Ortopedia do Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP. Os pacientes foram randomizados em dois grupos. Um dos grupos foi denominado VS e recebeu uma única injeção intra-articular de 6ml de Hylan GF-20 (Synvisc One®-Genzyme) no joelho estudado. O segundo grupo foi denominado VS+T e recebeu uma injeção intra-articular de 6ml de Hylan GF-20 (Synvisc One®-Genzyme) mais 1ml (20mg) de Hexacetonido de Triancinolona (Triancil®-Apsen). Foram aplicados a escala visual analógica de dor (EVA) e os questionários de WOMAC e Lequesne uma semana antes da injeção e após uma, quatro, 12 e 24 semanas. Os dois grupos com 52 pacientes cada eram homogêneos. Na primeira semana, o WOMAC e a EVA apresentaram melhores resultados no Grupo VS+T (p < 0,01) em relação ao Grupo VS. Na quarta semana não houve diferença entre os grupos. Ambos apresentaram resultados similares nas semanas 12 e 24. Concluiu-se que a adição de hexacetonido de triancinolona melhorou os resultados clínicos da viscossuplementação no curto prazo, sem interferir nos resultados a longo prazo ou na incidência de efeitos adversos / The present study aims to assess if the initial results of viscosupplementation can be improved by the addition of corticosteroid. Intraarticular injections have been used for many years to treat arthritis and other painful articular disorders, mainly using long-lasting crystalline corticosteroid suspensions. Viscosupplementation is a relatively new intervention that is now widely used and recommended for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. It is comprised of the injection of exogenous hyaluronic acid in diarthrodial joints, in order to restore the rheological properties of synovial fluid and also to promote osteoarthritis disease-modifying effects. Several placebo-controlled studies reported that clinical improvement began only within two to five weeks after viscosupplementation. When comparing viscosupplementation versus intraarticular injection of corticosteroid, recent data suggest that from baseline to week four, intraarticular steroid were more effective for pain relief. By the fourth week, however, both provided similar relief, but beyond the eighth week, hyaluronic acid provided greater pain reduction. The mechanism of action of hyaluronic acid, with delayed onset of pain/functional improvement, combined with reports of reactional sinovitis may discourage physicians and patients regarding this treatment modality. The present study evaluated 104 patients receiving usual care for knee osteoarthritis at the University of São Paulo Medical Center. Patients were randomized to receive either a single intra-articular injection of 6ml of Hylan GF-20 (Synvisc One®-Genzyme) (Group VS) or a single intra-articular injection of 6ml of Hylan GF-20 (Synvisc One®-Genzyme) plus 1ml (20mg) of Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (Triancil®-Apsen) (Group VS+T). VAS, WOMAC and Lequesne questionnaires were applied one week prior the injection, and after one, four, 12 and 24 weeks. The two groups with 52 patients each were homogeneous. At week one, WOMAC and VAS showed better results for Group VS+T compared to Group VS (p < 0,05). At week four the scores did not show statistically significant differences. The groups showed similar results at weeks 12 and 24. In conclusion, the addition of triamcinolone improved first-week symptom and functional scores of viscosupplementation, but not beyond. It did not seem to alter the likelihood of adverse effects
534

Příspěvek k radiodiagnostice a k léčbě vybraných patologických lézí femuru v dětském a dospělém věku / Contribution to radiodiagnostics and to treatment of chosen pathological lesions of femur in childhood and in adults

Horák, Martin January 2014 (has links)
7 Abstract (AJ) Introduction Radiology examination using specialized modern imaging methods, including CT and MRI, is essential in the diagnosis of congenital and acquired diseases of the musculoskeletal system. The first part of the dissertation deals with certain congenital defects of the short femur, known in the literature as proximal femoral focal deficiency (PFFD). This part summarizes our experience with the radiological findings in the preoperative and postoperative period, with the main attention to the vascular supply to the affected area. The second part of the presentation deals with some aspects of autologous chondrocyte transplantation fixed at two different carriers implanted into post-traumatic articular cartilage defects of the distal femur. Radiological findings are evaluated in the relation to the histopathological findings. Objectives The first part of the study after the distribution of patients with PFFD by current commonly used radiographic classification sets the objective in the extent of scans of the hip joints to specify diagnosis PFFD in each patient and to evaluate in detail changes in the area of disability, especially a course of blood vessels. The evaluation of the radiation burden of repeated X-ray measurements was done with respect to the age of the patients. Tissue samples...
535

Transforaminal versus intra-articular facet steroid injections for the treatment of cervical radiculopathy : a randomized, double-blinded, controlled study

Bureau, Nathalie 04 1900 (has links)
Cette étude a été subventionnée par le Fonds de recherche du Québec - Santé (FRQ-S, grant # 21230 – 2) / Les infiltrations foraminales cervicales sont associées à un risque de complications neurologiques majeures. Cette étude compare l’efficacité des infiltrations facettaires, plus sécuritaires, à celle des infiltrations foraminales dans le traitement de la cervico-brachialgie secondaire à une spondylose et/ou à une hernie discale, à 4 semaines post traitement. Cinquante-six sujets ont été randomisés pour recevoir une infiltration foraminale (15 hommes, 13 femmes ; âge moyen 52 ans) ou facettaire (8 hommes, 20 femmes ; âge moyen 44 ans). L’issue principale était l’intensité de la douleur mesurée sur une échelle visuelle analogique (0 – 100). Les issues secondaires étaient le Neck Disability Index et le Medication Quantitative Scale. Suivant les analyses en intention-de-traiter et en intention-du-protocole, pour un score de douleur initial moyen, une réduction significative de l’intensité de la douleur a été observée avec les infiltrations facettaires [45.3% (95%CI: 21.4; 69.2) et 37.0% (95%CI: 9.2; 64.7)] contrairement aux infiltrations foraminales [9.8% (95%CI: +11.5; 31.2) et 17.8% (95%CI: +6.6; 42.2)]. Les infiltrations facettaires ont procuré une amélioration cliniquement (mais non statistiquement) significative du Neck Disability Index [24.3% (95%CI: +2.9; 51.5) et 20.7% (95%CI: +6.2; 47.6),], contrairement aux infiltrations foraminales [9.6% (95%CI: +15.2; 34.4) et 12.8% (95%CI: +11.2; 36.7)]. Les infiltrations facettaires étaient au moins aussi efficaces que les infiltrations foraminales pour un score initial de douleur ≤ 60, alors que l’analyse de non infériorité n’était pas concluante pour un score initial ≥ 80, de même que pour le Neck Disability Index. Les infiltrations n’ont pas été associées à une réduction du score de Medication Quantitative Scale. Les infiltrations facettaires sont efficaces dans le traitement de la névralgie cervico-brachiale et représentent une alternative valable et plus sécuritaire aux infiltrations foraminales. / Transforaminal corticosteroid injections can be performed in the management of cervical radiculopathy but carry the risk of catastrophic complications. This study compares the efficacy of transforaminal and facet corticosteroid injections at 4 weeks post treatment. We randomly assigned 56 subjects to receive CT-guided transforaminal (15 men, 13 women; mean age 52 years; range 28 – 72 years) or facet (8 men, 20 women; mean 44 years; range 26 – 60 years) injections. The primary outcome was pain severity rated on a visual analog scale (0-100). Secondary outcome measures were the Neck Disability Index and the Medication Quantitative Scale. In the intention-to-treat and as-treated analyses, for a mean baseline score, facet injections demonstrated a significant pain score reduction of 45.3% (95%CI: 21.4; 69.2) and 37.0% (95%CI: 9.2; 64.7), while transforaminal injections showed nonsignificant pain score reduction of 9.8% (95%CI: +11.5; 31.2) and 17.8% (95%CI: +6.6; 42.2). While facet injections demonstrated an improvement in Neck Disability Index score of [24.3% (95%CI: +2.9; 51.5); 20.7% (95%CI: +6.2; 47.6),] as opposed to transforaminal injections [9.6% (95%CI: +15.2; 34.4); 12.8% (95%CI: +11.2; 36.7)], the results did not reach statistical significance. Noninferiority of facet to transforaminal injections was demonstrated for baseline pain score ≤ 60, while noninferiority analysis was inconclusive for baseline pain score ≥ 80 and for the Neck Disability Index score. Neither intervention showed a significant medication intake score reduction over time. Facet injections are effective for the treatment of cervical radiculopathy and represent a valid and safer alternative to transforaminal injections.
536

Exploring Chondrocyte Integrin Regulation of Growth Factor IGF-I Expression from a Transient pAAV Vector

Ratley, Samantha Kay 20 August 2013 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF-I) is a growth factor that stimulates both mitogenic and anabolic responses in articular chondrocytes. While it has been shown that exogenous IGF-I can regulate chondrocyte integrins, little is known regarding regulatory effects of IGF-I produced from a transiently expressed plasmid based adeno-associated virus (pAAV) vector. Because chondrocytes are using cellular machinery to overexpress IGF-I, it is of interest to see whether or not pAAV IGF-I will significantly upregulate or downregulate chondrocyte integrins. Additionally, it is of interest to know whether chondrocyte adhesion through integrins will have any regulatory effects on the production of IGF-I from the transgene. Therefore, this study will ascertain if pAAV IGF-I will have similar effects that exogenous IGF-I has on integrin regulation and if integrin silencing mechanisms will affect the production of IGF-I from the transgene. To test these hypotheses, adult articular chondrocytes were doubly transfected with the pAAV vector for IGF-I and short interference ribonucleic acid (siRNA) for integrins beta 1 and alpha V. Gene products were monitored at the transcriptional levels using quantitative real time polymerase chain reactions (qPCR) and IGF-I protein production was monitored at the translational level using enzyme linked immunoabsorbant assays (ELISAs). Adult articular chondrocytes doubly transfected were encapsulated in a three dimensional hydrogel system to simulate an in vivo environment. Samples were collected for analysis at days 2, 4, and 6 post encapsulation. Results show that IGF-I treatment with the pAAV vector does not cause significant changes in the transcriptional regulation of the beta 1 integrin in a three dimensional hydrogel system. The pAAV IGF-I vector did not cause significant regulatory changes on integrin alpha V at any time point during the experiment. Additionally, by knocking down the expression levels of integrins by using siRNA, it was shown that integrin knockdown does not have a significant regulatory effect on transcriptional or translational expression levels of IGF-I from the pAAV vector.
537

Resveratrol suppresses interleukin-1beta-induced inflammatory signaling and apoptosis in human articular chondrocytes: potential for use as a novel nutraceutical for the treatment of osteoarthritis

Shakibaei, M., Csaki, C., Nebrich, S., Mobasheri, A. January 2008 (has links)
No / Osteoarthritis is an inflammatory disease of load-bearing synovial joints that is currently treated with drugs that exhibit numerous side effects and are only temporarily effective on pain, the main symptom of the disease. Consequently, there is an acute need for novel, safe and more effective chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of osteoarthritis and related arthritic diseases. Resveratrol is a phytoalexin stilbene produced naturally by plants including red grapes, peanuts and various berries. Recent research in various cell models has demonstrated that resveratrol is safe and has potent anti-inflammatory properties. However, its potential for treating arthritic conditions has not been explored. In this study we provide experimental evidence that resveratrol inhibits the expression of VEGF, MMP-3, MMP-9 and COX-2 in human articular chondrocytes stimulated with the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1beta. Since these gene products are regulated by the transcription factor NF-kappaB, we investigated the effects of resveratrol on IL-1beta-induced NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Resveratrol, like N-Ac-Leu-Leu-norleucinal (ALLN) suppressed IL-1beta-induced proteasome function and the degradation of IkappaBalpha (an inhibitor of NF-kappaB) without affecting IkappaBalpha kinase activation, IkappaBalpha-phosphorylation or IkappaBalpha-ubiquitination which suppressed nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB and its phosphorylation. Furthermore, we observed that resveratrol as well as ALLN inhibited IL-1beta-induced apoptosis, caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage in human articular chondrocytes. In summary, our results suggest that resveratrol suppresses apoptosis and inflammatory signaling through its actions on the NF-kappaB pathway in human chondrocytes. We propose that resveratrol should be explored further for the prophylactic treatment of osteoarthritis in humans and companion animals.
538

Histologische Charakterisierung eines murinen Knorpeldestruktionsmodells in der BALB/c Maus

Naue, Janine 02 November 2015 (has links) (PDF)
Die rheumatoide Arthritis ist eine chronisch-entzündliche Bindegewebserkrankung mit symmetrischem Befall der Gelenke. Die genaue Ätiologie ist bisher unbekannt. Aktivierte synoviale Fibroblasten sollen durch gesteigerte Adhäsion und Produktion von proinflammatorischen Zytokinen und Matrix-lysierenden Proteasen maßgeblich an der Gelenkdestruktion beteiligt sein. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, ein neues in-vivo-Knorpeldestruktions-Modell zu etablieren, in welchem unter immunkompetenten Bedingungen, die Invasion und Destruktion von Gelenkknorpel durch die Fibroblasten-Zelllinie LS48 über einen längeren Zeitraum simuliert werden kann. Die am Institut für klinische Immunologie der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Leipzig etablierte Zelllinie LS48 wurde in die ipsilateralen Kniegelenke von BALB/c-Mäusen injiziert. Die dadurch induzierte Gewebsdestruktion wurde über zehn Wochen in zweiwöchigem Abstand histopathologisch beurteilt und klassifiziert. Als vergleichende Fibroblasten-Zelllinie wurden nicht-invasive NIH/3T3-Zellen eingesetzt. An Hand der Score-Parameter Zellinvasion, Pannusformation und Knorpeldestruktion wurde eine mäßige bis schwer-wiegende Gewebsdestruktion durch die LS48-Zellen bereits ab der zweiten Untersuchungswoche lichtmikroskopisch nachgewiesen, ohne dass dabei pathologische Effekte in den kontralateralen Kniegelenken aufgetreten sind. Polarisationsmikroskopisch wurden für den Parameter Knorpeldestruktion vergleichbare Ergebnisse erzielt. Damit wurde gezeigt, dass das Modell BALB/c LS48 ein erfolgversprechendes Instrument darstellt, das zur Testung neuer therapeutischer Strategien gegen die Gelenkdestruktion verwendet werden kann. Inwieweit die Auseinandersetzung der LS48-Zellen mit dem spezifischen Immunsystem der BALB/c-Maus Auswirkungen auf den Verlauf der Gewebsdestruktion hat, sollte in weiterführenden Experimenten untersucht werden.
539

Histologische Charakterisierung eines murinen Knorpeldestruktionsmodells in der BALB/c Maus

Naue, Janine 21 September 2015 (has links)
Die rheumatoide Arthritis ist eine chronisch-entzündliche Bindegewebserkrankung mit symmetrischem Befall der Gelenke. Die genaue Ätiologie ist bisher unbekannt. Aktivierte synoviale Fibroblasten sollen durch gesteigerte Adhäsion und Produktion von proinflammatorischen Zytokinen und Matrix-lysierenden Proteasen maßgeblich an der Gelenkdestruktion beteiligt sein. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, ein neues in-vivo-Knorpeldestruktions-Modell zu etablieren, in welchem unter immunkompetenten Bedingungen, die Invasion und Destruktion von Gelenkknorpel durch die Fibroblasten-Zelllinie LS48 über einen längeren Zeitraum simuliert werden kann. Die am Institut für klinische Immunologie der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Leipzig etablierte Zelllinie LS48 wurde in die ipsilateralen Kniegelenke von BALB/c-Mäusen injiziert. Die dadurch induzierte Gewebsdestruktion wurde über zehn Wochen in zweiwöchigem Abstand histopathologisch beurteilt und klassifiziert. Als vergleichende Fibroblasten-Zelllinie wurden nicht-invasive NIH/3T3-Zellen eingesetzt. An Hand der Score-Parameter Zellinvasion, Pannusformation und Knorpeldestruktion wurde eine mäßige bis schwer-wiegende Gewebsdestruktion durch die LS48-Zellen bereits ab der zweiten Untersuchungswoche lichtmikroskopisch nachgewiesen, ohne dass dabei pathologische Effekte in den kontralateralen Kniegelenken aufgetreten sind. Polarisationsmikroskopisch wurden für den Parameter Knorpeldestruktion vergleichbare Ergebnisse erzielt. Damit wurde gezeigt, dass das Modell BALB/c LS48 ein erfolgversprechendes Instrument darstellt, das zur Testung neuer therapeutischer Strategien gegen die Gelenkdestruktion verwendet werden kann. Inwieweit die Auseinandersetzung der LS48-Zellen mit dem spezifischen Immunsystem der BALB/c-Maus Auswirkungen auf den Verlauf der Gewebsdestruktion hat, sollte in weiterführenden Experimenten untersucht werden.:Bibliographische Zusammenfassung II Inhaltsverzeichnis III Abkürzungsverzeichnis IV 1 Einleitung 1 1.1 Rheumatische Erkrankungen 1 1.2 Die rheumatoide Arthritis 2 1.2.1 Immunologische Grundlagen der rheumatoiden Arthritis 2 1.2.1.1 Hypothese der Fibroblasten-Abhängigkeit 3 1.2.1.2 Hypothese der T-Zell-Abhängigkeit 4 1.3 Allgemeine Anatomie und Histologie des Kniegelenks 6 1.4 Die Histopathologie der rheumatoiden Arthritis 9 1.4.1 Verschiedene Synovialmembrantypen bei rheumatoider Arthritis 10 1.5 Tiermodelle zur Untersuchung der rheumatoiden Arthritis 11 1.5.1 Das Tiermodell der Fibroblasten-induzierten Gelenkdestruktion in der BALB/c-Maus 12 1.6 Histopathologische Score-Systeme der rheumatoiden Arthritis in Tiermodellen 13 1.7 Ziel 13 1.7.1 Fragestellungen 14 2 Material und Methoden 16 2.1 Zelllinien und Versuchstiere 16 2.1.1 Die Fibroblasten-Zelllinie NIH/3T3 16 2.1.2 Die Fibroblasten-Zelllinie LS48 16 2.1.3 Die BALB/c-Maus 17 2.2 Tierversuchsplan 18 2.3 Zellkultur 19 2.3.1 Geräte und Verbrauchsmaterialien 19 2.3.2 Reagenzien 20 2.3.3 Durchführung 21 2.4 Isolation der murinen Kniegelenke 22 2.5 Histologische Aufarbeitung 23 2.5.1 Geräte und Verbrauchsmaterialien 23 2.5.2 Reagenzien 24 2.5.3 Entkalkung, Entwässerung, Einbettung und Schneiden der Präparate 26 2.5.4 Azanfärbung nach Heidenhain (Kernechtrubin-Anillinblau-Orange G-Färbung) 27 2.6 Klassifikation mit dem Durchlichtmikroskop für das Modell der Fibroblasten-induzierten Knorpeldestruktion (Balb/c-LS48) 29 2.7 Klassifikation mit dem Polarisationsmikroskop für das Modell der Fibroblasten-induzierten Knorpeldestruktion (Balb/c-LS48) 29 2.8 Statistik 30 3 Ergebnisse 31 3.1 Score-Erhebung mit dem Lichtmikroskop für das Modell der Fibroblasten-induzierten Knorpeldestruktion (BALB/c-LS48) 31 3.1.1 Bewertungsmodus für den Score-Parameter Zellinvasion 32 3.1.2 Bewertungsmodus für den Score-Parameter Pannusformation 35 3.1.3 Bewertungsmodus für den Score-Parameter Knorpeldestruktion 38 3.2 Datenanalyse der lichtmikroskopisch untersuchten Parameter Zellinvasion, Pannusformation und Knorpeldestruktion für das Modell der Fibroblasten-induzierten Knorpeldestruktion (BALB/c-LS48) 41 3.2.1 Zellinvasion 41 3.2.2 Pannusformation 45 3.2.3 Knorpeldestruktion 48 3.2.4 Gesamtscore 51 3.3 Score-Erhebung mit dem Polarisationsmikroskop für das Modell der Fibroblasten-induzierten Knorpeldestruktion (BALB/c-LS48) 56 3.3.1 Bewertungsmodus für den Score-Parameter Knorpeldestruktion 56 3.4 Datenanalyse des polarisationsmikroskopisch untersuchten Parameters Knorpel-destruktion für das Modell der Fibroblasten-induzierten Knorpeldestruktion (BALB/c-LS48) 59 3.5 Statistischer Vergleich der licht- und polarisationsmikroskopischen Analysemethoden für den Parameter Knorpeldestruktion 62 3.6 Statistischer Vergleich der medialen und lateralen histologischen Sagittalschnitte der Kniegelenke 63 4 Diskussion 64 4.1 Die Bedeutung der histopathologischen Score-Parameter für das Modell der Fibroblasten-induzierten Gelenkdestruktion in der BALB/c-Maus 65 4.1.1 Der Score-Parameter Zellinvasion 65 4.1.1.1 Die pathophysiologische Bedeutung des Score-Parameters Zellinvasion 67 4.1.1.2 Interpretation der lichtmikroskopischen Befunde des Score-Parameters Zellinvasion für die Zelllinie LS48 im ipsilateralen Kniegelenk im Verlauf von zehn Wochen 69 4.1.2 Der Score-Parameter Pannusformation 70 4.1.2.1 Die pathophysiologische Bedeutung des Score-Parameters Pannusformation 71 4.1.2.2 Interpretation der lichtmikroskopischen Befunde des Score-Parameters Pannusformation für die Zelllinie LS48 im ipsilateralen Kniegelenk im Verlauf von zehn Wochen 73 4.1.3 Der Score-Parameter Knorpeldestruktion 74 4.1.3.1 Die pathophysiologische Bedeutung des Score-Parameters Knorpeldestruktion 75 4.1.3.2 Interpretation der lichtmikroskopischen Befunde des Score-Parameters Knorpeldestruktion für die Zelllinie LS48 im ipsilateralen Kniegelenk im Verlauf von zehn Wochen 76 4.1.4 Interpretation des lichtmikroskopisch erhobenen Gesamtscores für das Knorpeldestruktionsmodell (BALB/c-LS48) im ipsilateralen Kniegelenk im Verlauf von zehn Wochen 78 4.1.4.1 Verlaufsvergleich zu anderen Tiermodellen 81 4.2 Die histopathologischen Auswirkungen der Zelllinien LS48 und NIH/3T3 im ipsilateralen Kniegelenk der BALB/c-Maus im Vergleich 83 4.3 Vergleich der medialen und lateralen Sagittalebenen der histologischen Präparate der Kniegelenke 85 4.4 Beurteilung histopathologischer Veränderungen in den kontralateralen Kniegelenken im Verlauf von zehn Wochen 86 4.5 Vergleich der licht- und polarisationsmikroskopischen Untersuchungsergebnisse 87 4.6 Schlussfolgerungen und Ausblick 89 Zusammenfassung 94 Literaturverzeichnis 99 Abbildungs- und Tabellenverzeichnis 116 Eigenständigkeitserklärung VIII Danksagung IX

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