Trata do processo de construção de diálogos entre o Brasil e os Estados Unidos, tendo como focos a arquitetura, o urbanismo e a sociedade brasileira que vivia em cidades, entre 1876 e 1945, período compreendido entre o ano da viagem de Pedro II aos Estados Unidos da América e o final da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Analisa quatro grandes eixos pelos quais a sociedade urbana do Brasil foi alcançada pelo mundo norte-americano: política e relações diplomáticas dos profissionais do espaço; disseminação de saberes técnicos e científicos capazes de alterarem a arquitetura, o urbano e a domesticidade brasileira; vinculação das instituições de ensino superior do país com o universo acadêmico estadunidense, sobretudo com a University of Pennsylvania. Aborda, ainda, a prática arquitetônica dentro dos princípios do Mission Style. Analisa como o Brasil foi, ao longo de sete décadas, tecendo relações que permitiram a construção de discursos e representações sobre o pan-americanismo. Mostra a relevância de se enxergar a relação do Brasil com os Estados Unidos como um processo no qual se arquitetou a Boa Vizinhança, explicitada com maior ênfase nos anos da Segunda Guerra. / This thesis explains the making of a relationship between Brazil and the United States. The period of study begins in 1876 when Pedro de Alcantara, the Brazilian emperor, went to the United States to participate of the Centennial Exhibition held in Philadelphia. The final temporal mark of this study is the year of 1945, when the World War II was finished, and the presence of the goods, equipments and the way of life from the United States got the most relevant levels in the whole world. The thesiss object of research can be understood like a plural one: not only the architecture, but also the whole urban environment and the classes that lived in that space. Trying to develop a particular narrative about the process of Americanization of the architecture and the city in Brazil, the thesis shows four ways of this attitude. The first one is concentrate on considerations about politics and diplomatic relations concerning of a group of professionals (architects, engineers etc) called as spatial artisans. The second way treats the references and the representations of the United States that had changed the domesticity and the form of the Brazilian way of life. In addition of these two, the work shows the discovers made in the United States about the Brazilians alumni from University of Pennsylvania that had came back to Brazil to increase the Americanizations process by the architecture. With a special focus about the pan Americanism the thesis studies the reception and dissemination of the Mission Style architecture in Brazil. The importance of this discussion is great and unfolds a process called as constructing the Good Neighborhood.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-11-01T17:27:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fabianogomesdasilva.pdf: 3359754 bytes, checksum: 94a68575ba085a91632f4f784d56bb45 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-11-09T14:19:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fabianogomesdasilva.pdf: 3359754 bytes, checksum: 94a68575ba085a91632f4f784d56bb45 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-09T14:19:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fabianogomesdasilva.pdf: 3359754 bytes, checksum: 94a68575ba085a91632f4f784d56bb45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-31 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O trabalho e os trabalhadores foram recorrentemente entendidos e explicados pela ótica da desvalorização e da desclassificação social no período colonial. Não se nega completamente esse quadro analítico, mas se deve matizá-lo, e foi nessa direção que a pesquisa caminhou. Partiu-se da premissa de que a experiência nascida do trabalho honesto e justo também concorria para a classificação social na época Moderna. O ambiente mineiro do termo de Mariana (1709-1750) foi tomado como lócus de análise para se compreender o viver do trabalho a jornal, à soldada e à empreita como recurso disponível e válido de classificação social. Para isso, foi necessário: i) reconstituir parcela do mercado de trabalho livre numa sociedade escravista colonial; ii) entender os mecanismos de acesso e atuação no mercado de trabalho, bem como as redes de garantias e créditos locais; iii) narrar os fragmentos das trajetórias, dos comportamentos e das estratégias dos mestres e oficiais de ofícios manuais da localidade. O resultado foi o dimensionamento do trabalhador manual livre como parte decisiva da dinâmica econômica e social na cidade de Mariana, pois nem tudo se resolveu com os carregamentos de mercadorias de outras regiões coloniais ou do Atlântico. Assim, tem-se um trabalhador livre que exercia seu ofício útil e de forma honrada na comunidade. As trajetórias dos mestres Antônio Coelho da Fonseca, Pedro Rodrigues da Costa e João Marques Pimenta mostram, por exemplo, que o ofício manual aprendido ou herdado era sustento e fonte do procedimento decente e honrado, que, inclusive, podia trazer a distinção e a fazenda necessária ao viver como se nobre fosse. Se passageira a alguns, a experiência no mundo do trabalho não foi uma aba esquecida na história de muitos trabalhadores livres, libertos e escravos. Antes, foi página importante nas narrativas morais de muitos. / Scholars of Brazilian colonial history have long examined labor and workers as categories that were marked by degradation and social declassification. While this argument is not totally incorrect, such attitudes were not absolute and both categories need to be re-examined. That is the objective of this text. The basic idea here is that during the Modern Age life experiences acquired through honest and just labor could contribute positively to social classification. The town of Mariana (1709-1750) in Minas Gerais, Brazil, was chosen as the locus for analysis in attempting to understand different forms of labor* as readily available and valid sources of social classification. To do so it was necessary to: i) reconstitute a portion of the free labor market in a colonial slaveholding society; ii) understand access to and operational mechanisms specific to that labor market, as well as local credit networks; iii) narrate fragments of the trajectories, behavior, and strategies of local masters and journeymen. The results indicate the dimensions of free manual labor as a decisive part of economic and social dynamics in Mariana, especially because local production proved essential to regional economic survival. What emerged from the narratives were free workers who carried out their work in honorable fashion within the community. The trajectories of the master artisans Antônio Coelho da Fonseca, Pedro Rodrigues da Costa, and João Marques Pimenta, for instance, show that manual labor, whether learned or inherited, was a source of livelihood and was regarded as decent and honorable, giving workers the possibility of living like nobles. The experience in the world of labor may have been brief for some, but for many freeborn and freed workers and slaves it would never be forgotten. It was a page of the utmost importance in the moral narratives of many.

A première vue, la poterie est une activité qui se pratique seule :la potière possède son propre atelier dans le village et est l’unique bénéficiaire de la vente de ses récipients. Néanmoins les enquêtes de terrain menées dans l’Arewa et le Kurfey oriental (Niger) révèlent qu’à chaque étape de la chaîne opératoire, l’artisane est en contact, plus ou moins proche, avec d’autres praticiennes (apprenties, artisanes de la localité ou d’autres localités). Ces contacts, organisés ou informels, prennent généralement place dans le contexte de certaines étapes de la chaîne opératoire à deux échelles d’analyse différentes :l’échelle villageoise par l’occupation d’un atelier et/ou d’un site de cuisson commun à divers artisanes et l’échelle extra villageoise par la fréquentation de sites d’extraction et de marchés partagés par des artisanes issues de localités différentes. Autant d’espaces de pratiques fréquentés par les potières susceptibles d’échanger leurs savoirs, collaborer et construire, ensemble, un répertoire de connaissances mobilisables. Quand une potière réalise son récipient, elle inscrit sa pratique dans un monde connu et habité. Sa technique est autant marquée par son apprentissage que par son identité familiale et villageoise ainsi que par ses interactions avec d’autres artisanes. Si on admet que chaque pratique est située et que la situation donne du sens à la pratique, il devient impératif d’examiner les situations de partage des savoirs ainsi que les cadres dans lesquels ces situations prennent place. Nous mettrons en évidence les points de contacts qui lient et interconnectent les artisanes d’une même localité et des différentes localités de la zone d’étude. Nous évaluerons les dimensions sociales et relationnelles de l’apprentissage de la poterie ainsi que la façon dont les habiletés sont conceptualisées et investies par les artisanes. En analysant le contexte d’apprentissage et de pratique des artisanes, nous souhaitons apporter un éclairage sur comment s’accroche le social et la technique et ainsi expliquer les configurations techniques observées au sein de la région d’étude. <p> / Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The study focused on identifying ways in which to improve and increase the quality of training and supply of skilled artisans in the South African construction industry (especially in Gauteng Province) in terms of short and medium term approach. The construction industry is facing a severe skills crisis and this has made it so difficult to recruit competent artisans. This may be as a result of artisans being regarded as the lowest in the hierarchy of construction worker positions. In addition, these artisans warrant less training than those at executive- and managerial levels. This negative attitude towards artisans training has plunged the industry into crisis. Those involved find it difficult to successfully complete projects on time, within budgeted project costs and within the required quality specification due to lack of competent artisans. However, serious attention is required towards enhancing artisan training in the industry. It is imperative and vital to ensure the survival of the industry. The cardinal aim of this research project was to demonstrate a guiding solution towards the skills crisis. Thus, in order to initiate a tremendous change in the skills profile, certain measures are required, e.g. expanding training institutions to local regions; upgrading and aligning facilities in the training institutions to industrial demands and the dissemination of vital information that will ensure the attractiveness of the industry. This will safeguard the construction organisations operating in Gauteng Province. Although the industry is a major player in the economy, there is need for special attention in order to ensure sustainable growth and economic development. The Government, construction industry stakeholders and training institutions personnel should collaborate to salvage the skills crisis by strategically developing programmes (in accordance with industrial requirements) that will benefit prospective learners. The researcher adopted the descriptive- and analytical survey method, which entailed the use of questionnaires and a review of the related literature for gathering relevant data. The methodology used in the research was the quantitative data analysis. The feature findings of the research concluded that the skilled artisans profile is insufficient to meet industry demands. In addition, training institutions and primary- and secondary educational systems are characterized by ninadequacy and incompetency to produce skilled artisans. The situation is exacerbated by the lack of harmonization between the training institutions and the vindustry’s requirements. Furthermore, the majority of the respondents acknowledged that training of their workers is an important aspect to them, but few of these organisations indicated that they make use of formal training institutions such as FET colleges. The recommendation include that all the stakeholders in the construction industry should form collaborations to strategically develop programmes that would upgrade the existing training institutions. This could be done through provision of adequate funds and resources and the dissemination of vital information that is capable to promote the attractiveness of the industry image.

M.Ed. (Educational Management) / Since 1973 teaching authorities have been compelled to employ artisans due to the shortage of technically trained teachers. This precaution has not been satisfactory because the artisan who has no formal teachers training has now become part of the educational profession. Methods have to be found to provide in-service training for this category of teacher with the view of preparing him for his task as teacher. The headmaster, as manageri all eader, can in thi s case, make use of a tutor-teacher and subject-head. The tutor-teacher must be an experienced and successful teacher , seeing that he has to convey his knowledge and teaching experience to the artisan-teacher. The subject-head can also play an important and valuable role in the initial in-service training programme by conveying knowledge and expertise concerning teaching practice, to the artisan-teacher. In the designing of an initial in-service training programme, attention should be given to the practical side of the subject, so that the knowledge acquired can be implemented immediately. Later in the training programme more time can be allocated to the theoretical aspect. The aim of this programme should be to encourage the artisan-teacher to acquire formal teaching qualifications. The school's in-service training programme is only an endeavor to provide the artisan-teacher with sufficient knowledge to teach his subject. The school cannot, in the final instance, replace tertiary institutions in the training of teachers.

No description available.

No description available.

This dissertation reframes the history eighteenth-century British art as a history of textiles. Women across England, Ireland, and Scotland grew, dressed, spun, and wove the hemp, flax, and wool textiles that were the basis for both the cultural implements and practical tools of empire: oil paintings on linen canvas and needlework of worsted thread hung in metropolitan exhibition spaces, while hemp rope, sail cloth, and coarse linen facilitated Britain’s global reach and transportation of commodities. Over the course of three chapters, “Rope,” “Linen,” and “Thread,” I demonstrate how ordinary textiles made and used by women were key tools for the funding, making, and aesthetics of art. In the first chapter, “Rope,” I trace the labor of female models in British drawing academies through their poses supported by rope, and consider historical encounters between rope and the female working body in carceral contexts. Following the entwined forms of life models and rope demonstrates just how entangled the spaces of punishment and the life studio were. The second chapter, “Linen,” is about the structure, materiality and hidden histories embedded in linen painting canvas. First, by comparing linen weaves, thread counts, stamps, and fiber content, I demonstrate the material connections between the world of coarse linen goods and the textile supports of oil paintings. I then argue that the texture of canvas was crucial to the “unfinished” aesthetic of portraiture that became fashionable in the late eighteenth century and attend to the racialized and gendered discourses intrinsic to this painting style. The last chapter, “Thread,” examines spinning and needlework as elite performances of female industry against the backdrop of mechanization, nascent labor movements, and imperial expansion. I contend that these conflicts played out in romanticized depictions of women spinning and the celebration of public exhibitions of worsted embroidery, namely Mary Linwood’s Gallery. While scholars from the fields of economic history, material culture, and art history have considered the topics of industrialization, labor, textiles, and art separately, this is the first study to bring them together as an intervention in eighteenth-century British art history. By rendering textile labor visible in eighteenth-century British art, I argue that manufacturing, imperialism and the visual arts were financially, materially, and ideologically enmeshed processes.

Ce mémoire est constitué de deux parties de longueur inégale, que des raisons de présentation matérielle ont réunies. La première partie, qui est en fait le premier chapitre, répond à la question fort simple de savoir précisément quel artisan est désigné par le terme grec chalkeus, que l'on traduit traditionnellement par "forgeron". Le but de la seconde partie est de déterminer quelle v estime était réservée aux forgerons par la société grecque et d'identifier les autres membres du corps social qui se voyaient considérés de la même façon, c'est-à-dire qui partageaient la même position, le même statut, dans la hiérarchie de l'estime sociale. Nous avons utilisé, pour ce faire, l'appareil conceptuel mis au point par Roland Mousnier, tel qu'on le retrouve dans (D Les hiérarchies sociales de 1450 à nos jours . A ce sujet, quelques précisions peuvent être utiles au lecteur: on sait que la majeure partie de l'ouvrage en question est consacrée à l'élaboration d'une typologie et d'une classification des différentes sociétés dites d'ordres. Malgré l'intérêt que présente cette élaboration pour 1 'histoire sociale de l'antiquité, nous n'y avons guère puisé, car notre projet n'était pas de démontrer que la société grecque, à une époque donnée, correspondait à un des types dégagés par R. Mousnier. Ce que nous avons retenu de l'ouvrage, c'est la notion que dans toute société il existe différentes échelles de (4) stratification, dont l'une est l'échelle du statut social C'est donc dire que la société grecque, quel que soit le modèle avec lequel on choisit de l'étudier, société de classes, d'ordres, etc..., a connu une telle hiérarchie. C'est donc sans préjuger de l'importance de la hiérarchie du statut social par rapport aux autres échelles, économique, légale, etc..., que nous avons mené nos recherches. Deux facteurs font que 1'on ne trouvera pas, dans les quatre chapitres qui traitent du statut social, l'application de la même méthode à quatre reprises: tout d'abord le corpus de documentation lui-même, qui impose dans une large mesure les techniques d'enquête, et, en second lieu, l'état des connaissances, l'historiographie, qui permet de ne pas reprendre certaines démonstrations et qui en rend d'autres nécessaires. C'est pourquoi il nous a fallu répondre à des questions différentes dans chacun de nos chapitres. Ainsi, à propos de la société homérique, nous avons tenté de voir s'il existait un seul statut pour tous les démiurges et si le chalkeus, qui n'est pas expressément nommé démiurge, partageait l'estime attachée à ce statut. Les poèmes d'Hésiode ne nous permettant pas de nous livrer à une étude aussi systématique, nous avons essayé d'évaluer dans quelle mesure il y avait rupture entre l'attitude de notre poète à l'égard des métiers techniques et de leurs praticiens et celle d'"Homère". Dans la littérature du Ve siècle on retrouve peu d'allusions explicites aux métallurgistes, mais on sait qu'ils peuvent être appelés cheirônaktes (artisans) et qu'ils peuvent être comptés au nombre de ceux qui exercent un métier banausos (mécanique). L'étymologie du premier de ces termes contenant une nuance méliorative et le second étant employé en mauvaise part, il s'est agi de voir si cheironax avait gardé son sens originel, et ce que cette concurrence des appellations pouvait nous permettre de saisir de l'estime réservée aux artisans dans les deux aires géographiques (Athènes et l'Asie mineure) où on la retrouve. Enfin, pour le IVe siècle, la documentation nous a forcé à réduire notre étude à la société athénienne. Sachant qu'à cette époque le cas du forgeron est solidaire de celui de l'ensemble des artisans, nous nous sommes d'abord demandé dans quelle mesure il existait un statut d'artisan, différent de celui des paysans et des marchands. Ensuite, le mépris des philosophes pour les tâches mécaniques ayant déjà été analysé, nous avons cherché à savoir si ce mépris se retrouvait dans d'autres types de textes (plaidoyers et comédies) et, en dernier lieu, si le peuple partageait cette attitude de dédain. Ce sont donc les réponses à ces questions que l'on trouvera dans ce mémoire. Réponses toujours partielles et parfois conjecturales, que les textes littéraires permettent d'apporter. / Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2012

The purpose of this study was to identify, through historic documents, the craftsmen of a specific region, Montgomery County, that may have contributed to the construction of area buildings between 1850 and 1900. Data from Population Census reports and Birth Registers were used to create a matrix of craftsmen names, their trade, location, and length of service. This list was used to place in perspective different kinds of craftsmen by attempting to relate various trades to one another, to area resources, and specific sites. For this well-timbered region, carpenters represented almost half (437.) of the craftsmen identified. The identification of 1,028 craftsmen and presence of apprentices indicated that skilled labor was available to residents and that some level of formal training did exist. Through the use of bills, receipts, and letters, the study also revealed individual and collaborative works as well as labor and material costs. Although these craftsmen were found throughout the county, the majority resided in Blacksburg and Christiansburg. / M.S.