Artistic training from the point of view of a student is considered to be a solid process in which impacts of different educational institutions interflow. The research material and report on the educational process participants', teachers' of art block attitude toward artistic activity allows to define and evaluate organizing forms and methods of artistic training and a positive attitude on artistic activity stimulation opportunities.

A presente pesquisa se propõe a registrar o contexto da criação e as experiências de onze anos de atuação do Programa de Cidadania artística Viva arte viva, com o objetivo de assinalar aproximações entre cultura e educação, a partir das interseções entre os campos da Gestão Cultural e da Pedagogia do Teatro. Ao final, almeja-se refletir, na perspectiva da experiência relatada, sobre o papel da Gestão Cultural na ampliação da dimensão educativa presente na prática artística e na formação do cidadão-artista. Palavras-chave: Viva arte viva, Pedagogia do Teatro, Gestão Cultural / This research\'s purpose is to register the context of creation and experience in eleven years of operation of the Citizenship Program Viva arte viva with the goal of pointing out similarities between Culture and Education from intersections between the areas of Theatre Pedagogy and Cultural Management. In the end, it aims to consider, from the reported experience, the role of Cultural Management in the expansion of the educational dimension present in art practice and development of the citizen-artist.

A presente pesquisa se propõe a registrar o contexto da criação e as experiências de onze anos de atuação do Programa de Cidadania artística Viva arte viva, com o objetivo de assinalar aproximações entre cultura e educação, a partir das interseções entre os campos da Gestão Cultural e da Pedagogia do Teatro. Ao final, almeja-se refletir, na perspectiva da experiência relatada, sobre o papel da Gestão Cultural na ampliação da dimensão educativa presente na prática artística e na formação do cidadão-artista. Palavras-chave: Viva arte viva, Pedagogia do Teatro, Gestão Cultural / This research\'s purpose is to register the context of creation and experience in eleven years of operation of the Citizenship Program Viva arte viva with the goal of pointing out similarities between Culture and Education from intersections between the areas of Theatre Pedagogy and Cultural Management. In the end, it aims to consider, from the reported experience, the role of Cultural Management in the expansion of the educational dimension present in art practice and development of the citizen-artist.

Essa tese discute o potencial das residências artísticas como ambientes de formação, criação e difusão, defendendo a compreensão de sua atuação, como forma ampliada de atender a uma necessidade de repensar os processos de ensino e aprendizagem em artes visuais, na contemporaneidade. Apresenta como objeto de estudo o Programa de residência artística da Fundação Armando Alvares Penteado FAAP, na Cité Internationale des Arts, em Paris e a criação e implantação da Residência Artística FAAP, em São Paulo, e seu respectivo programa de residência artística, para compreendê-los como plataformas atuantes na dimensão desses processos de formação artística. / This thesis discusses the potential of artistic residences as an environment for education, creation and diffusion, as it defends the understanding of their role as an expanded way to cater to the need of rethinking teaching and learning processes in the visual arts in a contemporary context. The object of study presented in this thesis is the artistic residence program of the Fundação Armando Alvares Penteado - FAAP at the Cité Internationale des Arts, in Paris, and the foundation of FAAPs artistic residence in São Paulo, with its respective artistic residence program, holding both these residences as thresholds that work in the scope of artistic education processes.

Essa tese discute o potencial das residências artísticas como ambientes de formação, criação e difusão, defendendo a compreensão de sua atuação, como forma ampliada de atender a uma necessidade de repensar os processos de ensino e aprendizagem em artes visuais, na contemporaneidade. Apresenta como objeto de estudo o Programa de residência artística da Fundação Armando Alvares Penteado FAAP, na Cité Internationale des Arts, em Paris e a criação e implantação da Residência Artística FAAP, em São Paulo, e seu respectivo programa de residência artística, para compreendê-los como plataformas atuantes na dimensão desses processos de formação artística. / This thesis discusses the potential of artistic residences as an environment for education, creation and diffusion, as it defends the understanding of their role as an expanded way to cater to the need of rethinking teaching and learning processes in the visual arts in a contemporary context. The object of study presented in this thesis is the artistic residence program of the Fundação Armando Alvares Penteado - FAAP at the Cité Internationale des Arts, in Paris, and the foundation of FAAPs artistic residence in São Paulo, with its respective artistic residence program, holding both these residences as thresholds that work in the scope of artistic education processes.

La nécessité d'une politique culturelle, aujourd'hui au Maroc, s'impose tant au niveau politique que social. Il est urgent que s'élabore une vision d'ensemble cohérente, respectant les engagements pris par le Maroc au lendemain du printemps arabe, à travers la nouvelle constitution de 2011, en raison d'une pratique artistique qui tire ses origines de la période située avant l'indépendance. Le parcours qu'ont connu les différents arts, parmi lesquels le théâtre a joué un rôle important, a dessiné un paysage culturel diversifié, et actuellement conscient de la nécessité de conduire un projet politique que pourraient adopter les différents acteurs institutionnels. L'État a en effet la responsabilité de définir, de soutenir, mais surtout de protéger le secteur culturel. Le choix de la pratique théâtrale, comme principal outil d'analyse du secteur culturel, vient de sa nature éminemment sociale, qui lui a permis d'être proche d'un public marocain, à la fois populaire et savant, mais notre approche prend plus largement en compte ce qui relève de l'art et de la culture au Maroc. / The urgent requisite for a cultural policy in Morocco imposes itselt today with unrivalled expectancy on both political and social planes. Owing to an artistic practice whose origins hark back to the period prior to lndependence, it is indeed urgent to develop an overall coherent vision that highly esteems the commitments pledged by Morocco shortly after the Arab Spring through the new constitution of 2011. The course that the various arts have known, including the theater that has played an important role, has drawn various and sundry cultural landscapes, and is now mindful of the need to lead a political project which yet various institutional actors could adopt. Actually, the state has the responsibility to define, support, and, more importantly, protect the cultural sector. The choice of the histrionic praxis, which elbows itself as the most significant toolkit of overhauling the cultural sector, tends to corne from its eminent social nature, which grants it the privilege of getting closer to popular and scholarly pulses of the Moroccan public. Our approach here takes much more into account than what is an art and culture in Morocco.

La Renaissance de la photographie entre la fin des années 1920 et le début des années 1930 en France était-elle liée au seul cercle des avants-gardes ? Les historiens de la photographie ont longtemps orienté leurs recherches sur le fait que les photographes de la Nouvelle Vision avaient sorti la photographie des errements du pictorialisme et lui avait rendu son autonomie vis-à-vis des arts graphiques, toutefois ils ont négligé une remarque formulée dès 1930 par Carlo Rim selon lequel « les images abstraites de Man Ray et de Tabard, qui annoncèrent une réaction heureuse […] ne fur[ent] qu’une vogue éphémère ». Si la Nouvelle Vision fut considérée comme un nouvel âge d’or, elle fut rapidement éclipsée en France par un retour « à l’image la plus nette du sujet le plus pauvre » généré par la redécouverte des photographes primitifs.C’est à cette part de l’histoire de la photographie que cette étude sur le photographe Emmanuel Sougez (1889-1972) est consacrée. Car si Sougez a été élevé au rang des maîtres de la photographie et célébré jusque dans les années 1950 comme le plus grand photographe français vivant, c’est pour avoir réintroduit l’usage de la chambre photographique de grand format et le tirage par contact. Ce faisant, cette étude fait apparaître une autre face de la Renaissance de la photographie en France à partir d’une figure oubliée, en évoquant le rôle crucial que Sougez a joué entre le Premier Salon indépendant de la photographie en 1928 et le dernier Salon national de la photographie en 1959. Aussi, en soulignant l’apport de ce photographe à l’histoire de son art, cette thèse révèle des aspects inédits de la photographie dans la première moitié du XXe siècle. / Is it possible for the renaissance in the field of photography that took place in France between the 1920’s and early 1930’s to be traced to a single group of avant-garde artists ? Photography historians have traditionally concentrated their research on the fact that the photographs of the New Vision released photography from the mistakes of pictorialism and gave it back its autonomy in terms of graphic arts. However, they neglected a remark made in 1930 by Carlo Rim: “the abstract images of Man Ray and Tabard, which foreshadow a joyful reaction, are nothing but an ephemeral fad.” Though the New Vision can be considered to be photography’s new golden age, in France it was rapidly eclipsed by a return “to the most in focus image of the poorest subject,” generated by the rediscovery of early photographs.It is to this era in the history of photography that this study of the photographer Emmanuel Sougez (1889-1972) is devoted. Sougez’s rise to the ranks of the masters of photography and his celebration until the 1950’s as one of the greatest living French photographers, is largely due to his reintroduction of the use of a large format view camera and contact prints. Thus, this study brings to light another facet of the renaissance of photography in France, within the context of a forgotten figure, by assessing the crucial role that Sougez played between the First Independent Salon of Photography in 1928 and the last National Salon of Photography in 1959. Furthermore, in emphasizing the photographer’s contribution to his art, this thesis reveals previously unseen aspects of photography in the first half of the 20th century.