Les carcinoïdes pulmonaires, les carcinomes neuroendocriniens à grandes cellules (LCNEC) et les mésothéliomes malins sont des tumeurs thoraciques rares, dont l'incidence a augmenté au cours des dernières années. Le diagnostic de ces tumeurs est soumis à la variabilité inter-observateur et les opportunités thérapeutiques sont limitées. De grandes études génomiques visant à les caractériser au niveau moléculaire pourraient aider à mieux comprendre les mécanismes sous-jacents à leur développement et faciliter le diagnostic et le traitement de ces maladies. Mon projet de thèse visait à combler les lacunes dans la compréhension des carcinoïdes pulmonaires, des LCNEC et du mésothéliome péritonéal malin. À la suite des travaux entrepris au cours de ma thèse, nous avons constaté que (1) de la même manière que le mésothéliome pleural, les mésothéliomes péritonéaux sont également caractérisés par des mutations conduisant à la perte d'expression de BAP1, facteur de bon pronostic, (2) les patients atteints d’un LCNEC conservant une expression de RB1 présentent de meilleurs résultats lorsqu’ils sont traité avec une chimiothérapie du cancer du poumon non à petites cellules par rapport à une chimiothérapie du cancer du poumon à petites cellules, (3) les carcinoïdes pulmonaires peuvent être classés en trois groupes moléculaires pertinents sur le plan clinique, et (4) , l'identification de supra carcinoïdes confirme l'existence d'un lien moléculaire entre les néoplasmes neuroendocriniens pulmonaires de faible et de haut grade / Pulmonary carcinoids, large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC), and malignant mesotheliomas are rare thoracic tumours, which incidence has been increasing over the past years. The diagnosis of these tumours is subjected to inter-observer variability and the therapeutic opportunities are limited. Large genomic studies to characterize them at a molecular level might help to better understand the mechanisms underlying their development, and to help the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. My thesis project aimed to fill the gap in the understanding of pulmonary carcinoids, LCNEC, and malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. As result of the work undertaken during my thesis, we found that (1) similarly to pleural mesothelioma, peritoneal mesotheliomas are also characterised by mutations leading to the loss of expression of BAP1, which is a factor of good prognostic, (2) LCNEC patients with a remaining expression of RB1 have a better outcome when treated with non-small cell lung cancer chemotherapy in comparison to small-cell lung cancer chemotherapy, (3) pulmonary carcinoids can be classified in three clinically-relevant molecular groups, and (4), the identification of supra carcinoids supports a molecular link between the low and high-grade lung neuroendocrine neoplasms

Introdução Trata-se de um estudo descritivo das sentenças de segunda instância do Poder Judiciário que envolva o problema do trabalhador exposto ao risco do amianto como uma questão de saúde pública. Objetivo Avaliar as decisões judiciais a respeito da exposição dos trabalhadores ao risco do amianto como causa de doença do trabalho a partir da análise de acórdãos judiciais de 1999 até 2009. Métodos Os objetivos foram alcançados mediante pesquisa em acórdãos judiciais publicados no TRT (Tribunal Regional do Trabalho) da 2ª Região, TRT (Tribunal Regional do Trabalho) da 15ª Região e TST (Tribunal Superior do Trabalho), que são tribunais pertencentes à Justiça do Trabalho, bem como no TJSP (Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo), STJ (Superior Tribunal de Justiça) e STF (Supremo Tribunal Federal), pertencentes à Justiça Comum, a partir do momento histórico em que houve a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988, considerando-se o ano da publicação ou do registro dos acórdãos de 1999 a 2009. Os acórdãos foram selecionados por meio da internet nos sites dos Tribunais em referência, que disponibilizam a busca on line. Resultados Os resultados indicam que de um total de 119 decisões judiciais analisadas, considerando-se todos os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, apenas em 42 casos houve a comprovação do nexo de causalidade entre a exposição do trabalhador ao risco do amianto e a doença adquirida no trabalho, o que evidencia que o trabalhador desincumbiuse de seu ônus probatório em pequena parte dos acórdãos. Conclusões Pela avaliação dos acórdãos judiciais de 1999 até 2009 a respeito da exposição dos trabalhadores ao risco do amianto como causa de acidente do trabalho, doença profissional ou morte, somente em 35,3 por cento das decisões foram declarados procedentes os pedidos dos trabalhadores / Introduction - This is a descriptive study of Judiciary second appeal decisions involving the problem of the risk of workers when exposed to asbestos as a public health issue. Objective - To evaluate judicial decisions regarding the exposure of workers to the risk of asbestos as a cause of occupational disease from the analysis of Judicial Decisions from 1999 to 2009. Methods - The objectives have been achieved by researching judicial decisions published by the TRT (Regional Court of Labor) of the 2nd Region, by the TRT (Regional Court of Labor) of the 15th Region and by the TST (Superior Labor Court), which are courts of the Labor Justice Department, as well as the ones by the TJSP (Court of Justice of São Paulo), by the STJ (Higher Justice Court) and by the STF (Supreme Federal Court), of the Common Justice, from the historical moment in which the 1988 Constitution was promulgated, considering the year of publication or record of the Judiciary Decisions from 1999 to 2009. The judicial decisions were selected with the use of the internet in the sites of the Courts previously mentioned, which made possible to make this search on line. Results - The results indicate that from a total of 119 judicial decisions, which were analyzed, and also taking in consideration all the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only in 42 cases there was proof of a causal link between the worker\'s risky exposure to asbestos and the disease acquired at work, which shows that the employee is discharged of the evidential burden on a small portion of the decisions. Conclusions - For the evaluation of the judicial decisions from 1999 to 2009 regarding the exposure of workers to the risk of asbestos as a cause of work accidents, and occupational disease or death, only 35.3 per cent of decisions were in favor of the workers claim

[Truncated abstract] The function of the diaphragm as a volume pump has not been adequately evaluated because there are no accurate methods to measure the volume displaced by diaphragm motion (ΔVdi). As a consequence, the work done, power output and efficiency of the diaphragm have not been measured. Efficiency of the diaphragm could be measured by relating the power output of the diaphragm to its neural activation. The aims of this thesis were to (a) develop a new biplanar radiographic method to measure ΔVdi and use this to evaluate the effect of costophrenic fibrosis and emphysema on ΔVdi, (b) develop a new fluoroscopic method to enable breath-by-breath measurements of ΔVdi, (c) evaluate a method for quantifying neural activation of the diaphragm, and (d) combine measurements of transdiaphragmatic pressure, ΔVdi, inspiratory duration and neural activation of the diaphragm to quantify the neuromechanical efficiency of the diaphragm

Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Society, Culture, Media and Philosophy, Dept. of Sociology 2009. / "October 2008" Bibliography: leaves 273-293.

Αμίαντος (asbestos) θεωρείται μια ομάδα ινωδών ορυκτών τα οποία παρουσιάζουν μια σειρά ιδιοτήτων που τον έχουν καταστήσει ιδανική λύση ως κατασκευαστικό και μονωτικό υλικό εδώ και δεκαετίες. Αμιαντούχα υλικά σήμερα βρίσκονται σχεδόν παντού. Εξαιτίας της σύνδεσής του με βλάβες στην ανθρώπινη υγεία (αμιάντωση, μεσοθηλίωμα, καρκίνος πνεύμονα) έχει απαγορευθεί η εμπορία και η χρήση του στην Ελλάδα από 1-1-2005. Οι κίνδυνοι περιορίζονται πλέον κατά την εργασία αφαίρεσης αμιάντου και στις συντηρήσεις και ανακαινίσεις κτιρίων, πλοίων και τρένων. Η νομοθεσία που σχετίζεται με τον αμίαντο και την προστασία εργαζομένων, καταναλωτικού κοινού και περιβάλλοντος εξελίσσεται, επακόλουθο των εξελίξεων στην ιατρική και στην τεχνολογία. Η μέθοδος μικροσκοπίας αντίθεσης φάσης χρησιμοποιήθηκε για τον υπολογισμό της συγκέντρωσης ινών στο χώρο εργασίας λατομείου. Τα αποτελέσματα των αναλύσεων μπορούν μελλοντικά να αξιοποιηθούν κατάλληλα, όπως γενικά και η χρήση της μεθόδου σε ανάλογες περιπτώσεις. / -

The diploma thesis deals with the economic demands of individual proposals how to deal with a particular object and evaluate the most suitable solution. The theoretical part of this thesis deals with constructions of agricultural constructions, defects of building structures and their remediation and handling of hazardous waste. The practical part deals with financial demands of individual proposals and their subsequent evaluation.

Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-09-27T18:51:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 KALINE MELO DE SOUTO VIANA – TESE (PPGEP) 2006.pdf: 3746935 bytes, checksum: 4a030ab6637f715855808519f3e7825e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-27T18:51:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KALINE MELO DE SOUTO VIANA – TESE (PPGEP) 2006.pdf: 3746935 bytes, checksum: 4a030ab6637f715855808519f3e7825e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-06 / Para a avaliação de diafragmas alternativos ao de amianto para produção de cloro e soda cáustica a partir da eletrólise da salmoura, foi utilizada uma célula eletroquímica em escala de bancada pelo processo diafragma. O objetivo foi investigar a possível substituição dos diafragmas de amianto por diafragmas de PEUAPM. Desta forma, este trabalho foi dividido em duas etapas. Na primeira etapa, foi realizada a investigação da resistência química do PEUAPM na forma de fibras, em meio ácido, básico e salino, numa temperatura de 90ºC, simulando-se as condições de operação das células eletroquímicas para produção cloro-soda. Para isto, foram utilizados os ensaios de infravermelho (FTIR), calorimetria diferencial exploratória (DSC), tração e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Na segunda etapa, foram realizadas eletrólises e para isto foram confeccionados diafragmas com diferentes composições, variando de 100% amianto (diafragma utilizado como referência), passando pelo balanço de 5:95 a 90:10% de PEUAPM:amianto, até 100% PEUAPM. Para caracterização eletroquímica utilizou-se a determinação do número de MacMullim, bem como determinação dos parâmetros operacionais após 72 horas de eletrólise, numa temperatura de aproximadamente 85ºC, onde foram quantificados os seguintes parâmetros: eficiência de corrente, eficiência de energia, teor de cloretos e teor de cloratos, com o objetivo de correlacionar os dados obtidos com o novo diafragma aos dados obtidos com o diafragma de amianto (utilizado industrialmente). As condições operacionais utilizadas foram: diafragma de amianto, PEUAPM: amianto e PEUAPM, alimentação contínua de uma salmoura ácida (pH entre 3,5 e 4,0) na concentração de 320 g/L, densidade de corrente anódica de 2,63 KA/m2 com um tempo total de operação da célula eletrolítica na intensidade de corrente de 13,1 A de aproximadamente 72 horas, até atingir a concentração de 12% de NaOH (de acordo com os parâmetros industriais). Os resultados obtidos na etapa I, evidenciaram que as fibras de PEUAPM apresentam boa resistência ao ataque químico das soluções de NaCl, HCl e salmoura na temperatura de 90ºC, durante as 96 horas de exposição, apresentando apenas um início de oxidação, detectada pela presença de carbonilas, além de uma redução de 15% na cristalinidade das fibras de PEUAPM. Já por meio dos resultados obtidos na etapa II, observou-se que os diafragmas amianto/PEUAPM estudados não apresentaram bom empacotamento de fibras e que há uma tendência de redução da eficiência de corrente (E.C.) e eficiência de energia (E.E.) com o aumento do percentual de PEUAPM. Assim, conclui-se que as fibras de PEUAPM são um substituto em potencial para as fibras de amianto na produção cloro-soda. / To evaluate the alternatives diaphragm in relation to the asbestos in the chloro-alkali production from the electrolysis of brine, it was used an electrochemical cell in a laboratory scale by diaphragm process. The aim of this work is to study the substitution of asbestos diaphragm by UHMWPE. So, this work was divided in two steps. Firstly, it was done an investigation related to the chemical resistance of the UHMWPE in a fiber shape and in acid, base and salty solutions and 90oC of temperature. This condition was similar to the electrochemical cell operation in the chloro-alkali industry. It was used test of infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile strength and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the UHMWPE fibers. In the second step it was done the electrolysis with different compositions of diaphragm, changing from 100% of asbestos (used as reference) to 5:95, 90:10% of UHMWPE, until 100% of UHMWPE. To chemical characterization it was estimated the MacMullin number, as well the operational cell parameters, such as, current and energy efficiency, amounts of chlorates and chlorides. The aim of to study these parameters is the correlate the new diaphragm with the asbestos (used currently in the industry). The operational conditions used in this study were: continue feed of acid brine (pH from 3.5 to 4.0), concentration of 320 g/L, anodic current density of 2.63 KA/m2, and total time operation in the electrolytic cell of approximately 74 ho urs (current intensity of 13.1A) until reach 12% of NaOH concentration (similar to the industrial conditions). The results obtained in the first step showed that the UHMWPE fibers presented good resistance to the chemical attack of NaCl, HCl and brine solution at 90oC and in the period of 96 hours of exposition. It was observed only an start of oxidation, with presence of carbonyl groups, also it was observed an decrease in 15% in the crystallinity of the UHMWPE fibers. From the results of the second step it was observed that the asbestos/UHMWPE diaphragms studied presented good fiber packing and a tendency to decrease current and energy efficiencies with the increase of the UHMWPE content. So, it was concluded that with the conditions of preparation of asbestos/UHMWPE diaphragm done in this study the use of these in the choro-alkali production still limited due to the low surface energy and physical interaction presented by the UHMWPE fibers and it was necessary an previous surface treatment of the fibers.

As telhas de cimento-amianto são utilizadas mundialmente nas construções comerciais, residenciais e industriais. O amianto foi a primeira aplicação de fibra natural em escala industrial. Esta fibra foi incorporada na forma do mineral (asbesto) como reforço de matrizes à base do cimento. O processo de fabricação de telhas de cimento-amianto mais utilizado mundialmente foi patenteado em 1900 por Ludwig Hatschek, recebendo o mesmo nome. O objetivo deste trabalho foi a melhoria do processo industrial (Hatschek) de fabricação de telha de cimento-amianto, com o uso de métodos estatísticos. Inicialmente as variáveis mais influentes no processo foram identificadas empregando-se o teste de correlação de Pearson e o Cp de Mallows que permitiu a escolha do melhor subconjunto da regressão (R², R²ajustado, Cp de Mallows e o desvio padrão do modelo). A seleção dessas variáveis permitiu a construção de modelos de regressão para o processo, para as respostas resistência mecânica e densidade da telha. Devido à análise de duas respostas, foi realizada uma otimização numérica por meio da função desejabilidade (desirability function), que é baseada na idéia de que a qualidade de um produto ou processo que tem múltiplas respostas depende de encontrar as variações do processo que atendem a todas as restrições impostas, sejam elas econômicas ou normas aplicáveis ao produto final. Com o resultado da otimização estabeleceram-se faixas de variação das variáveis mais influentes, que permitissem a operação do processo sob controle. Também, pode ser concluído que para a densidade de ambas as telhas (5 mm e 6 mm) encontraram-se modelos coerentes para serem usados mesmo após alguma modificação na máquina, enquanto que para a resistência os parâmetros dos modelos devem ser reajustados sempre que houver alguma modificação durante a parada da máquina. / Roofing tiles of the asbestos cement composites are used world-wide in the commercial, residential and industrial constructions. Asbestos was the first natural fiber application in industrial scale. This fiber was incorporated into the cimentitious matrices to overcome this weakness. The manufacturing process of asbestos-cement tiles most commonly used worldwide was patented in 1900 by Ludwig Hatschek, which gave his own name to this procedure. Considering that, this study aimed to improve the manufacturing process of roofing tiles of the asbestos cement composites, using several statistical methods. Firstly, the most influent variables were identified using the Pearson Correlation test and the Mallows Cp test, which provided the choice of the best subsets regression (R ², R ² adjusted, Mallows Cp and the standard deviation of this empirical model). The selection of these variables allowed the construction of regression models for the mechanical resistance and tile density responses. In order to fulfill the requirement of an appropriate analysis for two responses, a numerical optimization by means of desirability function was applied. This optimization is based on the premise that a product quality or process having multiple responses depends on finding all the variations that fulfill the imposed constraints. Even if these constraints were economic or norms applied to the final product. The optimization results established ranges of variation including the most influents variables, i.e., the ones that allow the process to run under control. Also, we conclude that for the density of both tiles (5 mm and 6 mm) were found consistent models to be used even after some eventual change in machine. For the resistance, however, the parameters of the models must be readjusted whenever it has some modification during the shutdown of the machine.

Asbestos é um termo geral usado comercialmente para descrever minerais fibrosos de silicato. A fibra mais utilizada até hoje é denominada crisotila, com uso considerado seguro. Embora, fragmentos menores podem permanecer por longo tempo em tecidos pulmonares. As fibras de crisotila, assim como as demais fibras de asbestos, possuem sílica na sua composição e podem ser fagocitadas com a participação de receptores scavenger. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo de mecanismos de interação e de internalização das pequenas fibras de crisotila em duas linhagens celulares. Uma análise por microscopia confocal de varredura a laser e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão foi realizada e observou-se que ambas as linhagens são capazes de internalizar fibras, que apresentavam livres ou envoltas pela membrana plasmática. A presença de elementos do citoesqueleto próximos às fibras de crisotila foi verificada, assim como alterações no nível de expressão de alguns desses elementos. Dentro deste contexto, a participação de receptores no processo de internalização de fibras de crisotila também foi estudada e verificamos que esses receptores podem estar envolvidos de alguma forma com o processo de internalização de fibras de crisotila. / Asbestos is a term used commercially to describe silicate minerals. Chrysotile is the most used fiber until today and it is considered safe. However, smaller fragments can be found in lung tissues for a long period of time. Chrysotile fibers, as other asbestos fibers, are composed by silica and may be phagocyted with the participation of scavenger receptors. This studys goal was to study the interaction an internalization mechanisms of small chrysotile fibers in two cell lineages. Confocal laser scan microscopy analysis and electronic microscopy transmission analysis were conducted in both lineages, that showed capable of internalize fibers, that were involved or not by cell membrane. Cytoeskeleton elements presence near the fibers was verified and there were also changes in expression levels these elements. In this context, the participation of scavenger receptors in the internalization process of chrysotile fibers was also studied, and we verified that these receptors may be associated to the internalization process of chrysotile fibers.

This study is a research around an issue encountered by MyEasyLab, a laboratory involved in asbestos testing for the French market. They are facing a problem of sample losses, which is hardly acceptable, especially when growing on a highly competitive and price driven market. They are therefore looking for ways to have a better traceability of their samples. The technicians were observed to identify their needs and the problems the company is facing. This study is presenting as a result two complementary solutions: the reorganization of the working space, and the usage of the RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology to track the samples. The reorganization of the room using the 5S method should enable a more optimized way of working. This method initially used in the industry early on by Toyota, enables to optimize the flows (goods, person, waste …) in a sustainable way. The use of RFID presents the opportunity of a deep change in the whole process of the company, from the client to the labs. Bags already tagged RFID could be sent to the clients for their sample collection, enabling traceability from the beginning of the chain. The samples could, using RFID, be detected as they enter the site, leave the site and if they are in an undesired location (for example in the trash). The RFID technology is also an opportunity to facilitate the work of the technician, with a possibility to save around 4h15 of working time per day. The kind of tags that seems the most appropriate for this application is passive UHF tags. They present the advantages of being cheaper, easier to buy in bulk and readable from longer distances.  Even though the RFID technology is often seen as expensive, a return on investment seems possible for a tag price under 0.08€.  Further experimental tests need to be realized to refine the results of this study.