Diss.--Berlin--Freie Universität, 1996. / Bibliogr. p. 437-446. Glossaire. Index.

Diss.--Philosophische Fakultät--Aachen--Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, 1990.

Th.--Lett.--Paris 4, 1979.

Cette thèse de doctorat en histoire porte sur l’« Incident du 28 février », la révolte qui agita en 1947 Taiwan contre le pouvoir chinois après que la Chine eut récupéré sur l’île en 1945, après cinquante ans de colonisation japonaise. Cette rébellion, rapidement et très brutalement réprimée, est au cœur des luttes mémorielles qui agitent Taiwan depuis sa démocratisation, l’enjeu étant la légitimité de la souveraineté chinoise sur l’île, et l’identité de cette dernière. L’objet de mon travail est la violence politique, ses modalités et sa genèse. J’analyse l’éruption de violence de 1947 à la lumière de cinquante ans de relations sino-japonaises, en particulier la guerre de 1937-1945. Du côté taiwanais, la révolte s’appuie sur les réseaux et le répertoire d’actions et de symboles développés durant la mobilisation pour l’effort de guerre japonais, tant au niveau des troupes coloniales que des groupes paramilitaires et de jeunesse, sans qu’on puisse pour autant qualifier l’insurrection de pro-japonaise. Le passé colonial, et particulièrement la militarisation de la société taiwanaise qui s’est accompagnée d’une assimilation culturelle intensive, sert de ressource pour l’action politique. La violence employée du côté nationaliste chinois remobilise une riche expérience contre-insurrectionnelle, en particulier celle des années 1930. Son intensité disproportionnée s’explique par la perception de la rébellion comme un acte de guerre prolongeant l’invasion japonaise et déniant à la Chine son statut de vainqueur et de puissance civilisée. Elle solde les comptes de la guerre sino-japonaise à l’échelle locale par victimes interposées et parachève l’épuration des élites coloniales. / This PhD dissertation in history deals with the « February 28th Incident », a 1947 Taiwanese revolt against the Chinese rule restored in 1945, after fifty years of Japanese colonization. This rebellion, swiftly and very brutally quelled, has been central in the memory wars that have characterized Taiwan since it democratized. What is at stake is the legitimacy of China’s sovereignty over the island, and Taiwanese identity. The focus of my work is political violence, its modalities and its genesis. I analyze the outburst of violence of 1947 in the light of fifty years of Sino-Japanese relations, particularly the 1937-1945 war. On the Taiwanese side, the revolt taps into the networks and the repertoire of actions and symbols developed during the mobilization for the Japanese war effort. This mobilization affected colonial troops but also youth and paramilitary groups. This does not mean that the insurrection was pro-Japanese. Rather, the colonial past, more specifically the militarization of Taiwanese society during the war and the intensive cultural assimilation that accompanied it, is used as a resource for political action. The violence exerted by the Chinese Nationalist side remobilizes a rich experience of counter-insurgency, particularly that of the 1930s. Its disproportionate intensity stems from the perception of the rebellion as an act of war in the wake of Japan’s invasion of China, which denies the country its newfound status as a victor and a civilized great power. The suppression settles the accounts of the Sino-Japanese war on a local scale through proxies, and completes the purge of the colonial elite.

The main subject of the thesis is the interpretation and evaluation of the Soviet invasion to Afghanistan and its implications for forming the policy of the Soviet Union towards Central Asian states. Core chapters of the thesis will be the first two chapters. The first one deals with internal politics and the situation in Afghanistan in the 1970s and 1980s. The second chapter describes the region of Central Asia, devotes itself to the key moments of the Cold War that are taking place in this area and have had an impact on the very origin and course of Soviet intervention in Afghanistan. The last two chapters give an insight into the interpretation of the Soviet invasion through Western media, especially the US attitude towards intervention and their position and influence in the Central Asia region. At least, the outline of the current developments in Afghanistan and the Central Asian countries after the collapse of the USSR is the last, fourth chapter. In the diploma thesis, information on the formation of Al-Qaida and the Taliban will be mentioned. The impacts on Afghanistan and the countries of Central Asia will be described to September 11, 2001. In conclusion, there is a summary of the issue. Key words: Afghanistan, soviet invasion, foreign policy, the Central Asia

The thesis focuses on analyses of relations between risk factors and dengue fever incidence in a selected area of Southeast Asia region. Specifically, it focuses on the Philippines, where the governmental organizations provide relatively sufficient amount of data. First, general problematic of Neglected Tropical Diseases with focus on dengue fever is introduced. Its transmission and influencing factors are specified. Then, current methods of dengue incidence and risk factors relationship modelling are reviewed. Furthermore, statistical processing of available data is carried out, especially, in terms of detailed analysis of the relationship between climatic factors and dengue incidence in the Philippines. Based on the obtained results, a mathematical model describing the relationship between dengue, cumulative precipitation and mean temperature on regional and weekly basis, is created. Model estimation is performed with generalized linear regression by applying negative binomial distribution. With the model, the dengue incidence dependency on selected risk factors was verified. Concurrently, overall complexity of the disease development and transmission was verified by the model.

Jakub Havlík, Vývoj osídlení Baktrie v období helénismu Abstract: Primarily based on the archaeological evidence, the aim of the proposed thesis is to present an image of a settlement situation in the region of Bactria (Central Asia) during the Hellenistic period. The main subject of the study is a comparison of settlement patterns of the Achaemenid and Hellenistic periods, as well as a characterization of settlement transformation, which occurred after the conquest of Alexander the Great, after almost two hundred years of Greek rule in the area. In this thesis, the individual settlement-sites are classified according to their size and their hypothetical function in the whole settlement structure. Besides the morphology of the site, their position was examined, as well as a distribution and mutual relations within the context of the natural landscape. Attention was paid to larger sites (cities, fortified settlements), and minor ones (rural settlements) and their agglomerations, as well as specific settlement forms, such as fortresses or sanctuaries. All the studied settlements are presented in form of catalogue and maps. Data analysis shows that a huge decrease in settlement structure and a break in development can be observed in relatively large part of Bactria, at the end of Achaemenid period, what...

La présente thèse porte sur la circulation du rubâb afghan en Asie Centrale et en Occident. Elle s'inscrit dans une perspective anthropologique et historique dont l'objet est de rendre compte de l'évolution organologique et typologique de l'instrument, dans différents pays où il est pratiqué. L'accent est mis sur la genèse de ce luth à table en parchemin, notamment à partir d'analyses comparatives de la morphologie des différents rubâbs centrasiatiques. Grâce à des modélisations et une approche expérimentale innovante, on a examiné les relations structurelles et typologiques entre cet instrument et les autres rubâbs ou luths similaires. On a ainsi pu constater qu’il n’y a aucune filiation entre ces instruments et le rubâb afghan. Un examen approfondi de certaines vièles de ces régions met en évidence des similitudes frappantes avec l’instrument. On a tenté d'apporter une réponse quant à une éventuelle parenté de la vièle jusqu'au luth, hypothèse qui est également envisagée sous l'éclairage de données historiques, philologiques et organologiques. L'analyse comparative des différents instruments repose sur une abondante source iconographique, accompagné de modélisations et d'expérimentations organologiques. Cette recherche souligne les différents types de rubâb afghan, mises en relation avec les exigences des différents répertoires où ils sont utilisés. Enfin on a abordé la pratique du rubâb afghan en Occident, ce qui pose la question des nouveaux moyens mis en œuvre pour assurer une transmission du savoir et des savoir-faire, en l'absence de contact direct ou suivi avec un maître. / This thesis focuses on the diffusion of the Afghan rubâb in Central Asia as well as in the occidental Western countries. It is part of an anthropological and historical perspective, which tends account the organological and typological evolution of the instrument in the different countries where it is practiced. The emphasis is placed on the genesis of the parchment sounding board lute, in particular through morphological comparative analyses of various rubâbs bodies from Central Asia. Thanks to the modelings and an innovative and experimental approach we examined the structural and typological relationships between this instrument and other rubâbs or similar lutes. It has thus been found that there is no filiation between these instruments and the Afghan rubâb. A closer look at some of the bowed lutes from these areas highlights striking similarities with the Afghan rubâb. An attempt has been made to answer the question of a possible relationship between one bowed lute and the Afghan rubâb, a hypothesis which is also considered in the light of historical, philological and organological data. The comparative analysis of the various instruments is based on an abundant iconographic source, accompanied by modeling and organological experiments. This research results in a typology of the Afghan rubâbs, in relation with the requirements of the different repertoires where they are used. Finally, the practice of rubâb in the West has been discussed, under the question of the new means used to ensure the transmission of knowledge and know-how with the absence of direct contact with or follow-up with a master.

Marginalisée après l’intérêt montré par Hernán Cortés, Acapulco fut relancée par Andrés de Urdaneta lors de sa proposition d’en faire le port américain de la ligne transpacifique qui unissait l’Asie et l’Amérique. Avec la tornavuelta, l’Espagne s’implantait au cœur de l’Extrême-Orient, soutenait les Philippines par l’intermédiaire de la Nouvelle Espagne et autorisait que le galion dirige vers Acapulco le commerce que Manille pratiquait déjà avec les Chinois, entraînant l’établissement dans le port du pouvoir Royal et la création de sa foire.Une fois par an, un galion chargé de luxueuses marchandises orientales devait sortir de Manille et chercher à Acapulco le situado et le socorro. Ce minuscule village se transformait en centre d’attraction pour toute l’Amérique espagnole par la richesse de ces nouveautés qui satisfaisaient ses aspirations de reconnaissance que l’Espagne lui refusait. Dans le théâtre d’Acapulco s’affrontèrent deux mentalités : celle de la Couronne, archaïque, basée sur une politique mercantile, et la novohispana dynamique et moderne, conséquence de la restructuration économique due à la diminution de la population indigène. Des fortes divergences, amplifiées par la dualité du langage royal, menèrent à la contrebande, à la corruption, à la collusion entre fonctionnaires et commerçants, situations qui devinrent nécessaires pour la rentabilité du commerce légal. Au XVIIème siècle, Acapulco fut un lieu d’affrontements, de synthèse, d’influence de plusieurs mondes et de leurs cultures. Sa progression ne fut ni continue ni linéaire, mais permanente et profonde. Malgré les difficultés, elle avança vers un ordre nouveau peu éloigné de la mondialisation actuelle. / Repelled after Hernán Cortés’s interest, Acapulco was boosted again when Andrés de Urdaneta proposed it as the American port of the transpacific line tying up Asia and America. With the tornavuelta, Spain established itself in the heart of Far East, supported Philippines Islands from New Spain, and allowed the galleon to carry out the commercial exchanges Manila had with the Chinese, leading to the settling in Acapulco of the crown’s power and to the creation of a trade fair.Once a year, a Galion loaded with luxury oriental goods was to leave Manila and pick up the situado and the socorro in Acapulco. This so small village was transformed in an attractive source of prestige for all Hispanic America by the richness of the novelties which fulfilled their aspirations for recognition that Spain denied them.In the theatre of Acapulco, two mentalities were in conflict: Spain’s archaic mercantile policy, and the dynamic and modern Novohispanos behavior, issued from the economical restructuration coming from the decreasing of the native population. Strong gaps, amplified by a double Royal language led to smuggling, corruption and collusion of merchantmen with officials, ways that became necessary for the profitability of the lawful trade.During the XVII century, Acapulco was a spot of clashes, of synthesis, of influence from various worlds and their respective cultures. Its path was neither continuous nor straight, but permanently and profoundly engraved. Despite difficulties, Acapulco led towards a new order not very far from our today globalization.

The disintegration of the Soviet Union caused the dramatic changes in the entire post-Soviet area. The formation and development of the new independent states have often led to many problems that have been linked with ethnic or socio-economic, and political problems in general. In this paper the post-Soviet development and its comparison in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan is outlined from a social, economic, and political point of view. The aim of this thesis is to identify the main factors that influenced this development and how these factors contributed into the current situation in both countries. At the end, these factors are discussed and there is a discussion about the probable direction of the future development. Key words: Central Asia, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, post-Soviet, development, comparison