Thesis (Honors)--Liberty University Honors Program, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Recent research related to the children's hearings system - Scotland's juvenile 'justice system - is limited. This study is an attempt to address this empirical deficiency. It examines the perceptions of members of five participating groups (guidance teachers, social workers, police officers, panel members and reporters) on the structure and practices of the hearings system in three regions of Scotland. The research involved 389 respondents in a questionnaire survey, followed by 45 semi-structured interviews with a selected sub-sample. The study incorporated three research issues. Firstly, the groups' ideological perspectives on juvenile justice and their potential influence on attitudes towards the hearings system, secondly, the groups members' observations on present hearings system operations and thirdly the participants' convictions concerning future practice and structure. The general conclusions drawn from the investigation indicate that support across the five groups exists for the continuation of a welfare based juvenile justice system in Scotland but that differences between groups emerge on the matter of the organisation of that system. Majorities in the police officer, guidance teacher and social worker samples were ideologically opposed to lay decision-makers in juvenile justice and most interviewees from these groups expressed reservations concerning the continuation, in its present form, of the lay panel as the decision making body in the hearings system. Most panel members and reporters in contrast however, and again in accordance with their ideological stances, continued to support the dominant role of lay people in the decision-making process within hearings. The research conclusions further suggest the existence of a process of ideological modification on the part of group members when translating theoretical concepts into practical settings. This process, identified as situated accounts, in some instances permitted participants to acknowledge and work with aspects and practices within the hearings system which contradicted their underlying ideological beliefs.

Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior with the addition of Perceived Moral Obligation was used to investigate the behavioral intentions of 65 caseworkers of the Children's Services Division (CSD) to cooperate with Court Appointed Special Advocates (CASAs) on cases involving abused or neglected children. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that the subjective norms and perceived moral obligation constructs were significant predictors of the three behavioral intention categories and of all three categories combined. The two constructs, however, seem to have a considerable amount of overlap, suggesting that they may be measuring what is broadly called "social pressure to perform/not to perform 11 the target behavior. Perceived Behavioral Control was not significant in any categories and the attitude measure was marginally predictive. Possible reasons for the nonsignificant contributions of the two constructs include low inter-item correlations, questionnaire format, missing data concentrated in the two constructs, and finally, the notion that the caseworkers' attitudes and perceptions of control were of little consequence in their decisions to cooperate with CASAs. Of the three behavioral intention categories, all models performed best for the second category, 11voluntarily sharing pertinent Information about the cases with CASAs." The attitude construct performed best for this category, especially in the first and second models. Unlike the other two, this asked about the caseworkers' 11voluntary" cooperation. This finding seems to confinn the argument that Ajzen's models work better for a behavior for which one perceives greater volitional control. Prior, direct working experience with CASAs turned out to be an essential part of the attitude construct. The tested models performed better with the 54 caseworkers who had had direct working experience with CASAs in the last .. 24 months. This finding seems to indicate that the data from the 11 "no-experience" workers should not be combined with that of the 54 workers. Future studies of the theory of planned behavior with this sample are discussed.

Thesis (LLM. (Management and Development Law)) -- University of Limpopo, 2014 / The “best interests” of the child means considering the interests of the child before a life changing decision is made. The decision makers are required to take into consideration the child’s “best interests” before making a decision concerning the child; hence, the requirement that the “best interests” of the child are of paramount importance in every matter concerning the child. It is a principle developed from the common law that is used to assist the Courts and other institutions in the decision making process in matters affecting children. Institutions and Courts balance these interests in arriving at their decisions. The Courts have a wide discretion on what the “best interests” of a child are and effect should be given to these interests. The Courts have to apply the “best interests” of the child based on the facts of the particular case and simultaneously protect the rights of the child as enshrined in the Constitution. There is no “cast in stone” formula to be followed. Another difficulty is that children’s rights have to be protected in concurrence with those of his or her parents. So, there should always be a balancing of interests of the child and the other interested parties including parents. iv

SUMMARY New volunteering traditions have presently been emerging in Lithuania. Volunteer work complements the governmental network of social security as well as satisfies relevant demands of the society. Volunteers devote their own time to satisfy the needs of other people without any pay. They establish non-governmental organizations intended to render social assistance to different social groups of the population. The objective of this paper is aimed at optimizing volunteer activities in non-governmental organizations (NGO) which provide social assistance to children. The objective of the research is to theoretically and empirically develop the motivation of volunteers, to reveal the importance of their motivation and preparation to work with children optimizing the activities of NGOs. The content of the present research includes analytical survey of NGO volunteer activities: the concept of volunteer activities NGO in Lithuania; the target of volunteering if defined as children of risky group social development; motivation of volunteer activities and preparation to work with children. Motivation theories have also been reviewed as well as motivation factors inside the organization and training of volunteers. Results of research volunteer activities in NGOs have also been presented. The outcome of the research is the following: altruistic motives and the need to socialize stimulate volunteers to volunteering activities. The substance of volunteer needs is generally formed... [to full text]

The principle 'best interests of the child' has been expanded by the legal community in recent years to apply to any matter involving children in family law proceedings. The weight ascribed to this principle, however, has been diluted. In custody, access and child protection cases, evidence of which custodial arrangements are in a child's interests are often presented by adult parties in prolonged and costly proceedings. The judge makes an order which is intended to meet the child's "best interests", in the child's absence. This paper first examines the historical and theoretical justifications for children's rights in Canadian and international law and the "best interests" principle. Second, the concept of "legal representation for children" is explored, with specific reference to inconsistencies in the jurisprudence concerning the role of independent representation for children. This paper argues that to truly reflect a custodial or access arrangement made in the child's "best interests", it is imperative that the child's voice be heard by the court through independent legal counsel assigned to represent that child's individual needs and concerns.

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Submitted by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2016-09-26T17:16:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Alane Carvalho Santos _ 26-09-2016.pdf: 3545364 bytes, checksum: f6bf07cb4cdc5a93c02bfda5aed8ffa0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora da Silva Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2016-09-26T17:19:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Alane Carvalho Santos _ 26-09-2016.pdf: 3545364 bytes, checksum: f6bf07cb4cdc5a93c02bfda5aed8ffa0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T17:19:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alane Carvalho Santos _ 26-09-2016.pdf: 3545364 bytes, checksum: f6bf07cb4cdc5a93c02bfda5aed8ffa0 (MD5) / Nesta tese, O Instituto de Proteção e Assistência a Infância da Bahia (IPAI), instituição de caráter higienista fundada no início do Século XX em Salvador, é percebida como uma instituição educativa ainda que no contexto histórico da sua criação tivesse sido delineada como de natureza médico-assistencial. A análise aqui proposta procurou adentrar o universo do instituto através de suas rotinas, práticas cotidianas e principalmente de suas ideologias que permitiram intervenção direta junto a vida social da população assistida. A Instituição foi criada num contexto marcado pelo processo de legitimação do saber médico junto à sociedade soteropolitana em meio aos contíguos contrastes de ordem sanitária e urbanística que marcavam o desenvolvimento da cidade moderna. Ante as perspectivas de alargamento de políticas de ordem social e econômica e do desenvolvimento político que marcaram as primeiras duas décadas da Salvador do Século XX. Analisamos as estratégias de saúde empreendidas pelo segmento médico e afirmamos a sua ingerência para além do controle das moléstias que comprometiam a saúde pública da população. Sendo assim, a educação para a saúde, materializada através de ações concretas e cotidianas desenvolvidas no IPAI aparece como grande ferramenta de intervenção da medicina no meio social destacando a elevação do profissional médico à condição de educador. No aspecto teórico-metodológico, a pesquisa apresenta-se inserida no campo da história da educação, particularmente no âmbito das instituições educativas. O resgate histórico foi viabilizado através de fontes primárias e secundárias, destacando-se as teses da Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, a revista Gazeta Médica da Bahia e documentos institucionais como o jornal O Petiz, o Estatuto e o Álbum Histórico do IPAI, dentre outros documentos históricos. Conclui-se que ao longo de sua vigência as práticas educativas da instituição viabilizaram a interação do saber médico e as demandas de saúde da população atendida permitindo como produto da interferência educativa, a mudança de hábitos, valores e a absorção de novas práticas de promoção a saúde e principalmente, a transformação das mentalidades. / ABSTRACT In this thesis, O Instituto de Proteção e Assistência a Infância da Bahia ( The Institute for the Protection and Assistance to Children of Bahia) (IPAI), character institution hygienist founded in the early twentieth century in Salvador, is perceived as an educational institution even in the historical context of its creation had been outlined as nature medical care. The analysis proposed here, sought to enter the universe of the Institute through their routines, daily practices and especially their ideologies that allowed direct intervention in the social life of the assisted population. The institution was created in a context marked by the process of legitimation of medical knowledge by the soteropolitana society among the contiguous contrasts health and urban order that marked the development of the modern city. Before the prospects for enlargement of social and economic order policy and political development that marked the first two decades of the Savior of the twentieth century, we analyze the health strategies undertaken by the medical segment and affirm its interference beyond the control of diseases that compromised public health. Thus, health education, materialized through concrete and everyday actions developed in IPAI appears as a major medical intervention tool in the social environment highlighting the rise of the medical professional educator condition. In the theoretical and methodological aspect, the research shows is entered in the field of History of Education, particularly within the educational institutions. The historic rescue was made possible through primary and secondary sources, highlighting the theses of Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, the journal Gazeta Médica da Bahia and institutional documents such as newspaper O Petiz, the Statute and the Album Histórico of IPAI, among other historical documents. It follows that the term of the agreement the educational practices of the institution enabled the interaction of medical knowledge and health needs of the population served allowing a product of educational interference, changing habits, values and absorption of new promotional practices health and especially the transformation of mentalities. / RESUMEN En esta tesis, el Instituto para la Protección y Asistencia a la Infancia de Bahía (IPAI), higienista institución de carácter fundada a principios del siglo XX, en Salvador, se percibe como una institución educativa, incluso en el contexto histórico de su creación había sido descrito como la naturaleza atención médica. El análisis que aquí se propone, trató de entrar en el universo del Instituto a través de sus rutinas diarias, prácticas y especialmente sus ideologías que permitieron la intervención directa en la vida social de la población asistida. La institución fue creada en un contexto marcado por el proceso de legitimación del conocimiento médico por la sociedad soteropolitana contrastes entre los estados contiguos de la salud y el orden urbano que marcó el desarrollo de la ciudad moderna. Antes de las perspectivas de ampliación de la política de orden social y económico y político que marcó las dos primeras décadas del Salvador del siglo XX, se analizan las estrategias de salud llevadas a cabo por el segmento médico y afirmamos su interferencia fuera del control de las enfermedades que comprometían la salud pública. Por lo tanto, la educación sanitaria, se materializó a través de acciones concretas y cotidianas desarrollado en IPAI aparece como una herramienta importante intervención médica en el entorno social destacando la subida de la condición profesional de la educación médica. En el aspecto teórico y metodológico, la investigación muestra se introduce en el campo de la Historia de la Educación, en particular dentro de las instituciones educativas. El histórico rescate fue posible a través de fuentes primarias y secundarias, destacando las tesis de la Escuela de Medicina de Bahía, Gazeta Médica da Bahia y documentos institucionales, como el periódico El Petiz, el Estatuto y el histórico álbum IPAI, entre otros documentos históricos. De ello se desprende que el plazo del contrato de las prácticas educativas de la institución permitió la interacción de las necesidades de conocimiento y de salud médicas de la población servida permitiendo un producto de la interferencia educativa, el cambio de hábitos, valores y absorción de nuevas prácticas de promoción la salud y, especialmente, la transformación de las mentalidades.

Court Appointed Special Advocates (CASAs) represent children's best interests in juvenile court proceedings. In Riverside County, conflict exists among the child advocates and children's social service workers. This study measures current attitudes and perception of social workers and CASA volunteers in a quest to gain awareness and understanding of any problems in communication that may hinder effective working relationships.