Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:40:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maura Castello Bernauer.pdf: 1253113 bytes, checksum: c378f48edfa304e764194d30cabd580f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-14 / In this study, is searched to reflect concerning the impacts of the infertility in the subjectivity of men and women that had submitted and had children through ART; and about the process of conjugality transition to parenthood after the birth of the son. From the approach of the theoretical boarding of Sociohistoric Psychological of Vygotsky, it was explored symbolic conception of genre to implement a perspective denaturalizing of maternity and of the paternity where the concept of the identities was evaluated of masculine and feminine genre that they had been if modifying throughout the years, through social behaviors on sexuality and reproduction. And in which one searched to apprehend meanings and felingst through open interview in depth, with three couples infertile heterosexuals whom had submitted treatment of ART and has a first son (s) already born at least for one year in a private clinic, in a city near the city of São Paulo. Thus being: Couple 1 Ana (35, degree in Adm) and Bruno (38, graduated in law); they are married for 6 years and have a couple of twin children of 2 years of age. Couple 2 - Carla (39, degree in Adm) and Daniel (44, high school degree, works with commerce); they are married for 13 years and have a son of 2 and a half years. Couple 3 - Elsa (36, degree in Computer Science) and Fábio (34, degree in Computer Science); they are married for 7 years and have a son of 2 years. Readings of the collected date had been made that they had allowed a process of aglutination of 66 pré-indicators, for the similarity, complementary or contraposition. After this process had gotten a lesser diversity of subjects, being able itself to agglutinate in 29 indicators. To leave of the reverse speed-reading of the material, the joint process was made that resulted in the organization of meaning core: (1) treatment of ART, pregnancy and childbirth; (2) conjugality; (3) spirituality; (4) family relationships and (5) parenthood. To leave of the partner-historical context of the conjugal and parental bows, we understand the existing relations between conjugality e parentahood of men and women who had had son (s) through ART. The treatment of ART produces the construction of personal directions and redimension the meanings of the transistion for parenthood. The studied couples continue in the condition of infertile although they have children. The representation of the biological bond (implied: to conceive, pregnancy and childbirth) for confirmation of the sort identities is the main reason that leads the couples to the ART services taking them, to neglect the adoption or to remain without children. The idea of nature in its ideological function it strengthens the moral order and it generates culpability. It can be hypothesing that emotional problems are decurrent of not development of parenthood, that is of the relation of the children with the adults, because many men and women did not desire to have children, they only wanted to be father and mother, to confirm its femininity and manhood. We conclude that denaturalizing the meanings of feminine/maternity e masculine/paternity they had extended our perspectives of the understanding of the relations of sort and its repercussions on the subjectivity in the contemporaneousness / Neste estudo, buscou-se refletir acerca dos impactos da infertilidade na subjetividade de homens e mulheres que se submeteram e tiveram filhos através de RA; e sobre o processo de transição da conjugalidade para a parentalidade após o nascimento do filho. A partir do enfoque da abordagem teórica da Psicologia Sócio-Histórica de Vygotsky, explorou-se a concepção simbólica de gênero para implementar uma perspectiva desnaturalizadora da maternidade e da paternidade em que avaliou-se o conceito das identidades de gênero masculino e feminino que foram se modificando ao longo dos anos, através de condutas sociais sobre sexualidade e reprodução. E na qual buscou-se apreender os significados e sentidos através de entrevista aberta em profundidade, com três casais heterossexuais inférteis que se submeteram a tratamento de RA e têm um primeiro filho(s) já nascido há pelo menos um ano numa clínica privada, numa cidade próxima a cidade de São Paulo. Assim sendo: Casal 1 Ana (35 a, grau de escolaridade superior- Adm) e Bruno (38 a, grau de escolaridade superior, adv); são casados há 6 anos e têm um casal de filhos gêmeos de 2 anos de idade. Casal 2 - Carla (39 a, grau de escolaridade superior, Adm ) e Daniel (44 a, grau de escolaridade nível médio, comerciante); são casados há 13 anos e têm um filho de 2 anos e meio. Casal 3 - Elsa (36 a, grau de escolaridade superior, Informática) e Fábio (34 a, grau de escolaridade superior, Informática); são casados há 7 anos e têm uma filha de 2 anos. Foram feitas leituras dos dados coletados que permitiram um processo de aglutinação dos 66 pré-indicadores, pela similaridade, complementaridade ou contraposição. Após esse processo obtiveram-se uma menor diversidade de temas, podendo-se aglutinar em 29 indicadores. A partir da re-leitura do material, foi feito o processo de articulação que resultou na organização dos núcleos de significação: (1) tratamento de RA, gravidez e parto; (2) conjugalidade; (3) espiritualidade; (4) relacionamentos familiares e (5) parentalidade. A partir da contextualização sócio-histórica dos laços conjugais e parentais, compreendemos as relações existentes entre a conjugalidade e a parentalidade de homens e mulheres que tiveram filho(s) através de RA. O tratamento de RA produz a construção de sentidos pessoais e redimensiona os significados da transição para a parentalidade. Os casais estudados continuam na condição de inférteis apesar de terem filhos. A representação do vínculo biológico (subentendido: conceber, gravidez e parto) para confirmação das identidades de gênero é a principal razão que conduz os casais aos serviços de RA levando-os, assim, a preterir a adoção ou permanecer sem filhos. A idéia de natureza em sua função ideológica reforça a ordem moral e gera culpabilidade. Pode-se hipotetizar que problemas emocionais são decorrentes do não desenvolvimento da parentalidade, ou seja da relação das crianças com os adultos, porque muitos homens e mulheres não desejavam ter filhos, só queriam ser pai e mãe, para confirmar sua feminilidade e masculinidade. Concluímos que desnaturalizar as significações de feminino/maternidade e masculino/paternidade ampliaram nossas perspectivas da compreensão das relações de gênero e de suas repercussões sobre a subjetividade na contemporaneidade

The Convention on the rights of the child (CRC) stipulates a set of rights for all children and declares that all national legislation should be in compliance with the convention. The CRC states that the best interests of the child shall be of primary consideration in all actions concerning children; that every child has the right to protection of their family relations as well as the right to know about its parents. The purpose of this study is to investigate how well does the Swedish regulation of establishing legal parenthood comply with the child’s family oriented rights stipulated by the CRC. The study uses a critical legal dogmatic method and is analysed from a theory of the best interests of the child principle. The result shows that the Swedish law strongly protects the child’s right to know about his/her genetic origin. However, the findings illustrate that the mentioned right is often seen as synonymous for what is best for the child, and therefore leaves no space for questioning other aspects that may affect the child’s well-being. Furthermore the results demonstrate that the Swedish family law mainly protects hetero normative families where none of the parents has changed their legal gender. The further away from this norm that the child’s family is, the more complicated it is to establish legal parenthood and therefor harder to protect the child’s right to its family relations. The paper argues that the Swedish family law hence leaves little space for what could be seen as the best interest of a specific child in a specific context, and by doing so diverges from the CRC which advocates contextually when analysing what is best for the child. The paper concludes that a more flexible law where the best interests of the child can be taken into account in greater extent could secure the rights of the child more effectively.