Faces de bebês são um estímulo emocional extremamente saliente para humanos. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a interferência emocional de faces de bebês e estímulos de ameaça (faces adultas com medo) na atenção automática de homens e mulheres com e sem filhos. Após estudo piloto, recrutou-se 61 homens e mulheres de 20 a 35 anos. Os participantes responderam a uma tarefa Go/No-Go na qual imagens de bebês com expressões de sofrimento, alegria ou neutra e imagens de adultos com expressões de medo, alegria e neutra, eram apresentadas. Foram calculados os vieses de atenção para faces de bebês em sofrimento, faces de adultos com medo e faces de bebês vs. adultos. Participantes com filhos, de ambos os sexos, apresentaram mais viés de cuidado (bebês vs adultos) do que os sem filhos. Os resultados indicaram que apenas status parental influenciou o viés para faces de bebês. / Babies are extremely salient emotional stimuli to human beings. The current study aimed to compare the emotional interference of baby faces and threat stimuli (adult fearful faces) on the automatic attention of men and women, parents and non-parents. A pilot study was conducted to adapt instruments and procedures. For the main study 61 men and women aged 20 to 35 years with minimum complete elementary school were recruited. Images of distressed, happy and neutral baby faces and fearful, happy and neutral adult faces were used in a Go/No-Go paradigm. Attentional bias indexes were calculated for biases towards baby distress, adult fear and baby vs. adult faces. Parents, regardless of sex, showed a higher nurturing attentional bias (baby vs. adult faces) in comparison to non-parents. This finding demonstrates that parental status influences the attentional bias to babies.

Faces de bebês são um estímulo emocional extremamente saliente para humanos. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a interferência emocional de faces de bebês e estímulos de ameaça (faces adultas com medo) na atenção automática de homens e mulheres com e sem filhos. Após estudo piloto, recrutou-se 61 homens e mulheres de 20 a 35 anos. Os participantes responderam a uma tarefa Go/No-Go na qual imagens de bebês com expressões de sofrimento, alegria ou neutra e imagens de adultos com expressões de medo, alegria e neutra, eram apresentadas. Foram calculados os vieses de atenção para faces de bebês em sofrimento, faces de adultos com medo e faces de bebês vs. adultos. Participantes com filhos, de ambos os sexos, apresentaram mais viés de cuidado (bebês vs adultos) do que os sem filhos. Os resultados indicaram que apenas status parental influenciou o viés para faces de bebês. / Babies are extremely salient emotional stimuli to human beings. The current study aimed to compare the emotional interference of baby faces and threat stimuli (adult fearful faces) on the automatic attention of men and women, parents and non-parents. A pilot study was conducted to adapt instruments and procedures. For the main study 61 men and women aged 20 to 35 years with minimum complete elementary school were recruited. Images of distressed, happy and neutral baby faces and fearful, happy and neutral adult faces were used in a Go/No-Go paradigm. Attentional bias indexes were calculated for biases towards baby distress, adult fear and baby vs. adult faces. Parents, regardless of sex, showed a higher nurturing attentional bias (baby vs. adult faces) in comparison to non-parents. This finding demonstrates that parental status influences the attentional bias to babies.

Diferentes ensaios clínicos randomizados demonstram que a Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental (TCC) é muito efetiva no tratamento do Transtorno de Ansiedade Social (TAS). Entretanto, uma quantidade significativa de pacientes não apresentam melhora após a finalização da intervenção com TCC. Tal dado indica a necessidade de desenvolver novas estratégias de tratamento para o TAS. A Terapia Cognitiva Processual (TCP) é uma nova abordagem dentro do campo da TCC que tem como principal objetivo auxiliar os pacientes a identificar e modificar suas crenças centrais disfuncionais, sendo o Processo uma das principais técnicas utilizadas. Algumas pesquisas têm demonstrado a efetividade do Processo no tratamento do TAS e de outros transtornos psiquiátricos. Entretanto, novas pesquisas são necessárias para avaliação não somente de tal técnica, mas de todo o protocolo de intervenção da TCP. Esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar se participantes que receberam uma intervenção individual em TCP apresentam diferenças em relação a sintomas de ansiedade social, medo da avaliação negativa, esquiva e desconforto social, ansiedade, depressão, sofrimento psíquico, distorções cognitivas e viés atencional. Este é um ensaio clínico randomizado que comparou um grupo que recebeu intervenção em TCP e um grupo lista de espera no tratamento do TAS. O estudo apresenta três grupos de pesquisa: o TCP (n =18), o lista de espera (n =21) e o saudável (n =19). Um pesquisador independente ao estudo realizou a distribuição aleatória dos participantes com TAS entre os grupos TCP e lista de espera. Foram realizadas avaliações no pré e pós-teste através de diferentes escalas de auto-relato e do teste de Stroop emocional. Adicionalmente, o grupo TCP respondeu tais escalas a cada quatro sessões. O tratamento foi realizado em 16 sessões com duração de 1h30min cada utilizando a TCP no formato individual. Houve uma redução significativa nos sintomas de ansiedade social, ansiedade, depressão, esquiva e desconforto social, e sofrimento psíquico no grupo TCP ao longo do tratamento (p < 0,05). Tais reduções foram associadas a tamanhos de efeito grandes. Não foram observadas mudanças em nenhum dos instrumentos utilizados no grupo lista de espera (p > 0,05). Houve ainda uma significativa redução no medo da avaliação negativa após a utilização do Processo no grupo tratado, além de uma redução em distorções cognitivas (p < 0,05). Não foram observadas diferenças no pré e pós-teste em relação ao viés atencional nos três grupos da pesquisa (p > 0,05). Este estudo sugere que a TCP pode ser uma nova abordagem clínica efetiva no tratamento do TAS associado à diferentes comorbidades, haja vista que houve uma redução em sintomas de ansiedade social e sintomas comórbidos / Different randomized clinical trials show that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is highly effective in the treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). However, a large number of patients do not show improvement after receiving CBT. This indicates that it is important to develop new treatments for SAD. Trial-Based Cognitive Therapy (TBCT) is a new approach within the field of CBT area. It aims to help patients to identify and to modify their dysfunctional core beliefs. One of the main TBCT techniques proposed by TBCT is the Trial. Some research studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of Trial in the treatment of SAD, and other disorders. However, further investigation is needed to firmly establish the efficacy not just for the Trial technique, but also the TBCT approach as a treatment for SAD and other disorders. This research aims to evaluate wheter SAD participants receiving TBCT individual-sessions differ from a SAD waiting list group condition regarding symptoms of social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, social avoidance and distress, anxiety, depression, mental suffering, and attentional bias. This is a randomized clinical trial comparing TBCT and a Waitlist control condition for the treatment of SAD. The study has three groups: TBCT (n =18), Wailist (n =21), and healthy group (n =19). An independent researcher to study distributed randomly the participants with SAD between TBCT or Waitlist condition. Assessments were made at pre and post-test using several self-report scales, and the emotional Stroop test in the three groups. Additionaly, the TBCT group answered these scales each four sessions. The treatment was delivered in sixteen 1.5 hour sessions using the individual TBCT format. There were reductions in social anxiety, anxiety, depression, social avoidance and distress, and mental suffering symptoms at TBCT group (p < 0.05), but not in the Waitlist group (p > 0.05). Those reductions were associated with a large effect size. There was a significant reduction at fear of negative evaluation after Trial use, and reductions at cognitive distortions throughout the treatment as well (p < 0.05). There were no differences among the three groups regarding attentional bias at pre-test nor at post-test (p > 0.05). This study suggests that TBCT may be a new effective clinical approach to treat SAD associated with high rates of comorbidity, as there were significant reductions in the comorbid symptoms

Theoretischer Hintergrund: Körperunzufriedenheit und Störungen des Körperbildes bei Männern manifestieren sich – anders als bei Frauen – in erster Linie nicht durch den Wunsch nach einem schlankeren Körper, sondern durch das Streben nach einem breiteren und muskulöseren Körper. Vorhandene Befunde zum Körperbild bei Männern deuten darauf hin, dass exzessives Muskulositätsstreben mit vergleichbar negativen psychischen und behavioralen Konsequenzen assoziiert zu sein scheint wie exzessives Schlankheitsstreben bei Frauen. Allerdings fehlt es im deutschen Sprachraum nach wie vor an validierten psychometrischen Instrumenten, die den Körperbildspezifika bei Männern gerecht werden. Zudem mangelt es an empirischen Arbeiten, die ätiologische und aufrechterhaltende Faktoren und Mechanismen eines gestörten Körperbildes bei Männern untersuchen. Bisherige – primär an Frauen mit erhöhter Körperbildproblematik oder mit Essstörungen gewonnene – Erkenntnisse deuten hier auf die perpetuierende Rolle der Exposition gegenüber dem eigenen Körper und fremden (Ideal-)Körpern für ein gestörtes Körperbild hin. Darüber hinaus scheint eine verzerrte Aufmerksamkeitslenkung (engl. Attentional Bias) bei der Betrachtung und Verarbeitung dieser körperbezogenen Stimuli ebenfalls bedeutsam zu sein. Inwieweit sich diese Erkenntnisse auch auf Männer übertragen lassen, ist bisher allerdings kaum erforscht. Neben diesen Erkenntnissen zu kognitiv-attentionalen Mechanismen deuten vereinzelte Befunde auf behavioraler Ebene zudem darauf hin, dass körpermodifizierende Maßnahmen in Form von muskulaturorien-tiertem Training durch ihre verstärkende Wirkung kurzfristig zwar zu einer Verbesserung des State-Körperbildes beitragen, langfristig jedoch zu einer Verfestigung von Körperbildsorgen führen können. Auch in diesem Bereich fehlen Studien, in denen die Effekte von Krafttraining auf das State-Körperbild bei Männern systematisch untersucht wurden. Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation war es daher, die Befundlage hinsichtlich der aufgezeigten Forschungslücken zum Körperbild bei Männern zu ergänzen und zu erweitern. Methode: Insgesamt wurden im Rahmen der vorliegenden Dissertation fünf Arbeiten durchgeführt. In Artikel 1 erfolgte die Übersetzung und Validierung der Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS), das weltweit am häufigsten eingesetzte Instrument zur Erfassung von Muskulositätsstreben. Im Rahmen von Artikel 2 wurde ein Übersichtsartikel zu bisherigen Befunden zu körperbezogenen kognitiv-attentionalen Verzerrungen bei Frauen und Männern erstellt. Auf dieser Grundlage wurden in Artikel 3 mittels Eye-Tracking Aufmerksamkeitsverzerrungen bei der Betrachtung eigner und fremder Körperstimuli (d. h. normal, muskulös, hyper-muskulös) in Abhängigkeit individueller Attraktivitätseinschätzungen der verschiedenen Körperregionen sowie hinsichtlich des Ausmaßes an Schlankheits- und Muskulositätsstreben bei Männern untersucht und verglichen. Im Zuge dieser Eye-Tracking-Studie wurden zudem die Effekte der Exposition gegenüber den verschiedenen Körpertypen auf das State-Körperbild sowie die Zusammenhänge dieser Effekte mit dem Blickverhalten der Teilnehmer analysiert (Artikel 4). Abschließend wurde in Artikel 5 die verstärkende Wirkung einer einzelnen Kraftsporttrainingseinheit auf das State-Körperbild sowie der potentiell moderierende Einfluss des Muskulositätsstrebens untersucht und mit einer aktiven und passiven Kontrollbedingung (d. h. Ausdauertraining, Lesen) verglichen. Für die vier empirischen Arbeiten wurden insgesamt drei verschiedene Stichproben von Kraft- und Fitnesssportlern rekrutiert, da inner-halb dieser Population mit erhöhtem Muskulositätsstreben zu rechnen ist. Ergebnisse: Die deutschsprachige Version der DMS erwies sich als valides und reliables Instrument zur Erfassung von Muskulositätsstreben (Artikel 1). In dem erstellten Übersichtsartikel (Artikel 2) zeigte sich, dass Frauen mit erhöhter Körperbildproblematik eine defizitorientierte Aufmerksamkeitslenkung auf eigene als unattraktiv bewertete Körperareale aufweisen, vergleichbare Eye-Tracking-Studien an Männern jedoch fehlen. Zudem wurden in Artikel 2 bisher isolierte Modelle und Ansätze zum Körperbild (z. B. Aufmerksamkeitsverzer-rungen, soziale Vergleichsprozesse) in einem heuristischen Metamodell integriert. In Artikel 3 konnte gezeigt werden, dass Männer mit erhöhtem Schlankheitsstreben, nicht jedoch mit erhöhtem Muskulositätsstreben, bei Betrachtung des eigenen Körpers einen Attentional Bias in Richtung verlängerter Betrachtungszeiten eigener unattraktiver Körperregionen aufwiesen. Bezogen auf die drei Vergleichskörper (d. h. normal, muskulös, hyper-muskulös) zeigten sich keine Unterschiede im Blickverhalten zwischen Männern mit hohem und niedrigen Muskulosi-täts- und Schlankheitsstreben. In Artikel 4 konnte aufgezeigt werden, dass die Exposition gegenüber dem eigenen und dem muskulösen Körper den stärksten negativen Effekt auf das State-Körperbild der Teilnehmer hatte. Allerdings war nur die Betrachtung des eigenen Kör-pers auch mit einem Anstieg des negativen Affekts assoziiert. Zudem erwies sich nur das Blickverhalten auf den eigenen Körper als prädiktiv für Veränderungen im State-Körperbild und negativen Affekt. Darüber hinaus zeigte sich in Artikel 5, dass bereits eine einzelne Kraftsporttrainingseinheit zu einem gefühlt muskulöseren und schlankeren State-Körperbild führte, Muskulositätsstreben hierbei jedoch nicht moderierend wirksam war. Schlussfolgerung: Insgesamt konnten die durchgeführten Studien zu einer Erweiterung der Befundlage zum Körperbild bei Männern sowie zu einem verbesserten Verständnis entstehungsrelevanter und aufrechterhaltender Faktoren eines gestörten Körperbildes beitragen und vielversprechende weiterführende Forschungsansätze aufzeigen. Insbesondere kognitiv- attentionale Verzerrungstendenzen bei der Betrachtung körperbezogener Stimuli sowie die verstärkende Rolle von Kraftsport auf das State-Körperbild konnten hierbei als lohnenswerte Ansätze identifiziert werden, die in zukünftigen klinischen Studien an Männern weiterverfolgt werden sollten.

No description available.

Prevalence rates of many types of psychopathology are lower for men than they are for women, but the causes of these discrepancies are not known. This paper focuses on two such psychopathology groups – eating disorders and depressive disorders – and examines gender differences within a transactional theory of stress that takes into account levels of cognitive processing (an expanded transactional theory of stress). Both studies found that men are more physiologically reactive to disorder-relevant, stressful stimuli and stressful events. The study on depression also found that different cognitive processes may be depressogenic for men and women: deployment of attentional resources toward negative stimuli was associated with depression in men, while deployment of attentional resources away from positive stimuli was associated with depression in women. These findings have significant implications for choosing appropriate treatment options for men and women.

本研究主要的研究目的有二：其一，探討高社會焦慮者對不同情緒臉孔的注意力時間歷程；其二，探討自動化階段與控制式階段所進行的注意力訓練，對於降低注意力偏誤以及改善社會焦慮的效果。基於上述兩項研究目的，分為研究一與研究二進行。研究一中，共有60名參與者完成眼動作業，其中高、低社會焦慮組 (HSA組/ LSA組) 各30名。在眼動作業中，生氣、難過、快樂與中性四類情緒臉孔同時呈現於螢幕上，參與者被指示自由觀賞螢幕上的圖片，直到圖片消失。研究一的結果發現，HSA組對生氣臉的初始注視時間 (initial gaze duration; IGD) 明顯高於LSA組，且高於其它三類情緒臉孔，LSA組對四類情緒臉孔的IGD則沒有差異；其次，LSA組對快樂臉的整體凝視時間比例 (proportion of total viewing time; PTVT) 明顯高於HSA組。時間歷程分析的結果發現，HSA組在751-1000 ms 對生氣臉的凝視可能性高於LSA組，以及在7-8 s對難過臉的凝視可能性高於LSA組；LSA組在9-10 s對快樂臉的凝視可能性高於HSA組。研究一結果指向，高社會焦慮者對威脅刺激可能有注意力脫離困難，同時可能缺少對正向刺激的注意。研究二共有72名高社會焦慮者參與，本研究將注意力訓練的刺激呈現時間操弄為100 ms或500 ms兩種，每一種刺激呈現時間的注意力訓練可分為注意力改變組 (AMP組) 與注意力控制組 (ACC組) 兩種情境，因此共有AMP-100、ACC-100、AMP-500與ACC-500四種訓練情境。所有參與者被隨機分派至四種訓練情境中，並完成八次 (每週兩次，為期四週) 的注意力訓練作業。參與者在注意力訓練的前、後分別完成量表填寫、修改版Posner作業與眼動作業的評估，並且在注意力訓練結束至少一個月後，接受追蹤階段的評估。研究二的結果發現，100 ms的注意力訓練可以增進AMP-100組在修改版Posner作業上對所有無效嘗試次的反應時間；降低其在眼動作業上對生氣臉的IGD；同時改善AMP-100組參與者的負向評價恐懼、互動焦慮以及演講前的預期焦慮。500 ms的注意力訓練可以降低AMP-500組的參與者在修改版Posner作業上對社會威脅詞無效嘗試次的反應時間；減少其在眼動作業上對負向情緒臉孔的注意力維持時間，並增加對正向情緒臉孔的注意力維持時間；同時降低AMP-500組的負向評價恐懼與社會互動焦慮。研究二結果顯示，自動化階段與控制式階段所進行的注意力訓練，均可促進高社會焦慮者對威脅刺激的注意力脫離速度，並且改善社會焦慮。本研究於討論中，針對本研究結果在理論與臨床應用上的意涵進行探討，並提出本研究的限制與對未來研究的建議。 / The purpose of the present study was twofold. First, it aimed to investigate the attentional processing of emotional faces in social anxiety using the eye-tracking technique. Second, it tried to examine the effects of attentional training in reducing attentional bias and in decreasing social anxiety symptoms in high socially anxious individuals. In study 1, a total of 30 high socially anxious (HSA) and 30 low socially anxious (LSA) participants completed the eye-movement task. In the eye-movement task, participants were instructed to view the slides on the monitor naturally. Each slide contained 4 emotional faces (one angry, one sad, one happy and one neutral face). The results showed that the HSA participants had longer initial gaze duration (IGD) on angry faces than the LSA participants did. Further, the LSA participants had higher proportion of total viewing time (PTVT) on happy faces than the HSA participants did. Time-course of attention to emotional faces was also examined. The results showed that the HSA group had higher fixation probabilities to angry faces than the LSA group did in the 751-1000 ms time window. The HSA group exhibited higher fixation probability to sad faces than the LSA group did in the 7-8 s time window. Further, compared with the HSA group, the LSA group had higher fixation probability on happy faces in the 9-10 s time window. The results of study 1 indicate that individuals with high socially anxiety may have difficulty in disengagement form social threatening information and may demonstrate decreased attention to positive information. In study 2, seventy-two high socially anxious participants completed the experiments. In the attention training task, stimuli were presented at two durations: 100 ms and 500 ms. Participants were randomly assigned to four different attentional training conditions, including the AMP-100 (attention modification program; presentation duration = 100 ms), the ACC-100 (attention control condition; presentation duration = 100 ms), the AMP-500 and the ACC-500 group. All participants completed eight attentional training sessions delivered over four weeks (i.e., twice weekly sessions). Participants were also required to complete preassessments, postassessments and follow-up assessments. The results demonstrated that the 100 ms attention modification program facilitated attention disengagement in the Modified Version of Posner task and decreased attentional maintenance to angry faces in the eye-movement task for participants in the AMP-100 group. Furthermore, it reduced the fear of negative evaluation, interaction anxiety and anticipated anxiety for public-speaking situation in the AMP-100 group. The 500 ms attention modification program facilitated the disengagement from social threat words in the Modified Version of Posner task in participants of the AMP-500 group. It also decreased the attentional maintenance to negative faces and increased the attentional maintenance to happy faces in participants of the AMP-500 group. Further, it reduced the fear of negative evaluation and social interaction anxiety in the AMP-500 group. The results of study 2 suggest that attention modofication programs may decrease difficulty in disengagement from threat and reduce some aspects of social anxiety symptoms in individuals with high socially anxiety. Theoretical and clinical implications of these results were discussed.

Prevalence rates of many types of psychopathology are lower for men than they are for women, but the causes of these discrepancies are not known. This paper focuses on two such psychopathology groups – eating disorders and depressive disorders – and examines gender differences within a transactional theory of stress that takes into account levels of cognitive processing (an expanded transactional theory of stress). Both studies found that men are more physiologically reactive to disorder-relevant, stressful stimuli and stressful events. The study on depression also found that different cognitive processes may be depressogenic for men and women: deployment of attentional resources toward negative stimuli was associated with depression in men, while deployment of attentional resources away from positive stimuli was associated with depression in women. These findings have significant implications for choosing appropriate treatment options for men and women.

本研究的主要目的在於探討美沙冬的使用者是否具有抑制控制能力缺損、對海洛因相關刺激是否具有注意力偏誤，以及是否有彈性認知轉換能力上的問題。 研究使用的是Noel等人（2005,2007）發展出來的Go/No-Go作業，並使用海洛因圖片與中性圖片為作業刺激，分別測量受試者在作業中的反應正確率、反應遺漏數、反應犯錯數、平均反應時間、決定偏誤與區辨度，並且使用依賴嚴重度量表，以了解受試者對海洛因的依賴嚴重度與Go/No-Go作業各指標之間的相關。 　　美沙冬組樣本選取自八里療養院土城門診部之接受美沙冬治療者，共17人，經由網路招募之健康控制組十九人，受試者一共三十六人。共變數分析之結果顯示在Go/No-Go作業的正確率、遺漏數、區辨度和決定偏誤等指標上，發現組別與情境轉換之交互作用，顯示使用美沙冬之受試者具有彈性認知能力上的缺損，因此在有轉換的區段之中，無法快速地適應新的作答規則。此外，Go/No-Go作業結果未發現美沙冬使用者之抑制缺損與對海洛因相關圖片之注意力偏誤之現象。 　　依賴嚴重度與Go/No-Go作業的指標相關研究則發現，其依賴嚴重度越高，其在非轉換情境中對海洛圖片的犯錯數越低、決定偏誤越高，顯示美沙冬使用者似乎在沒有情境轉換的區段中，會將其注意力資源分配在海洛因圖片上，忽略非海洛因圖片，顯示其注意力較具選擇性。 / The goal of this study is to explore the inhibitory deficits、attentional bias towards heroin-related cues and cognition flexibility of current methadone users. The Go/No-go task used here was previously developed by Noel et al. (2005, 2007). Heroin-related pictures and neural pictures were presented as targets or non-targets. Accuracy rate、omission、commission、average reaction time、decision bias(C) and discrimination (d’) were being measured individually. The relation between the severity of heroin dependence and task performance was also investigated. The 17 subjects in methadone group were currently methadone maintenance treatment patients from Bali psychiatric center, and the 19 control group subjects without a drug using history were recruited by internet advertisement. The covariance analysis revealed interactions of group and shift/non-shift condition on accuracy rate、omission、decision bias(C) and discrimination (d’), indicating a cognitive flexibility deficits in methadone users. They had difficulty adapting to new rules in shifting conditions. No inhibitory deficits or attentional bias were found so far in this study. The relation between heroin dependence and Go/No-go task performance revealed that the more dependent the methadone subjects were, the less commission errors they made, the higher decision bias score they got towards heroin pictures in non-shifting conditions. It seemed that the methadone users were prone to allocate more attention resource to heroin-related pictures in non-shifting conditions, suggesting a more selective attention process.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Obesity is a substantial threat to the health of over a third of adults in the United States. Some evidence suggests that food attentional bias, or the tendency to automatically direct attention toward food-related stimuli in the environment, may contribute to the development of obesity in susceptible individuals. This study hypothesized that (1) food attentional bias would be positively associated with adiposity, (2) food attentional bias would be positively associated with energy intake and external eating, and (3) energy intake and external eating would partially mediate the association between food attentional bias and adiposity. Data were collected from a sample of 120 undergraduate students. Three measures of food attentional bias were obtained: reaction time bias obtained from a visual dot-probe task and direction bias and duration bias obtained from eye tracking. Adiposity indices of body mass index (kg/m2) and body fat percent were measured using standard medical devices. Data were obtained for two mediators: 1) energy intake was assessed by web-based automated 24-hour dietary recall and 2) external eating was assessed using the External Eating Subscale of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Separate linear regression models examining the association between each measure of food attentional bias with each measure of adiposity (adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and subjective hunger) indicated no associations. Similarly, linear regression analyses revealed no associations between measures of food attentional bias and energy intake or external eating. Models testing for statistical mediation demonstrated that energy intake and external eating were not significant mediators. However, mediation analyses demonstrated a significant overall effect and direct effect between direction bias and BMI in a reduced sample used to test for energy intake as a mediator, suggesting the presence of an association which may not have been detected in the larger sample due to methodological issues, measurement error, or type I error. Despite the overall null results, these findings, in conjunction with previous studies on food attentional biases and adiposity, highlight the need for future investigations examining prospective associations between food attentional bias and adiposity.