Cette thèse porte sur les techniques de séparation de sources en aveugle en utilisant des statistiques de second ordre et statistiques d'ordresupérieur pour les environnements de réverbération. Un objectif de la thèse est la simplicité algorithmique en vue de l'implantation en lignedes algorithmes. Le principal défi des applications de séparation de sources aveugles est de s'occuper des environnements acoustiques de réverbération; une complication supplémentaire concerne les changements dans l'environnement acoustique lorsque les sources humaines se déplacent physiquement.Une nouvelle méthode dans le domaine temporel qui utilise une paire de filtres à réponse impulsionnelle finie est proposée. Cette méthode, dite les angles principaux, sur un décomposition en valeurs singulières. Une paire de filtres, jouant le rôle de formation de voie, est estimée de façon à annuler une des sources. Une étape de filtrage adaptatif estensuite utilisée pour récupérer la source restante, en exploitant la sortie de l'étage de beamforming en tant que une référence de bruit. Une approche commune de la séparation de sources aveugle est d'utiliser des méthodes fondée sur les statistiques d'ordre supérieur comme l'analyse en composantes indépendantes. Cependant, pour des mélanges convolutifs audio et vocales réalistes, la transformation dansle domaine fréquentiel pour chaque fréquence de calcul est nécessaire. Ceci introduit le problème de permutations, inhérentes à l'analyse en composantes indépendantes, pour tout les fréquences. L'analyse en vecteur indépendant résout directement cette question par la modélisation des dépendances entre les fréquences de calcul, à partir d'a priori sur les sources. Un algorithme de gradient naturel en temps réel est également proposé proposé avec un autre a priori sur les sources. Cette méthode exploite la fonction de densité de probabilité de Student, est connu pour être bien adapté pour les sources de parole, en raison de queues de distribution plus lourdes. L'algorithme final est implanté en temps réel sur un processeur numérique de signal à virgule flottante de Texas Instruments.Les sources mobiles, avec des environnements réverbérant, causent des problèmes significatifs dans les systèmes de séparation desources réalistes car les filtres de mélange deviennent variants dans le temps. Dans ce cadre, une méthode qui utilise conjointement leprincipe de la paire de filtres d'annulation et le principe de l'analyse en vecteurs indépendant. Cette approche permet de limiter les baisses de performance lorsque les sources sont mobiles. Les résultats montrent également que les temps moyen de convergence des divers paramètres sont diminués.Les méthodes en ligne qui sont introduites dans la thèse, sont testées en utilisant des réponses impulsionnelles mesurées dans des environnements de réverbération. Les résultats montrent leur robustesse et d'excellentes performances par rapport à d'autres méthodes classique, dans plusieurs situations expérimentales. / Methods for improving the real-time performance and speed of various source enhancement and separation are considered. Two themes of research are considered so far: a method which relies only on second order statistics to enhance a target source exploiting video cues. Secondly, a higher-order statistics method, independent vector analysis is implemented in real-time on a digital signal processor, where an alternative source prior has been used performance is shown to have improved.

Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2016-08-17T18:43:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Antonio Kowalski.pdf: 822717 bytes, checksum: b07b1e8d6f79ff2b5c7ed45608b849df (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T18:43:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Antonio Kowalski.pdf: 822717 bytes, checksum: b07b1e8d6f79ff2b5c7ed45608b849df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-27 / The digital society embraces us in all of the daily aspects and a significant part of the population lives connected on multi-platforms. With the instantaneity of the communication flows, we live in a routine where many accesses are from a “click” or a touch away. The television as a preponderant media for many decades, in its digital transition involves a function beyond the television that we knew, as an interactive display that connects and absorbs contents from many sources. The consecrated global models of audio-visual distribution, especially by Broadcast, suffer the changes consequences of its public behavior by the new opportunities of contents acquisition, now interactive and on demand. On this context, the Smart TVs models (connected televisions) in Broadcast shows differentiated options and they require an increasing space on the connection with other displays. With this scenery, the study seeks to provide and analyze the new content offerings, applications, possibility and trends in the hybridity of the sources for the future television. / A sociedade digital nos abraça em todos os aspectos do cotidiano e uma parte significativa da população vive conectada em multiplataformas. Com a instantaneidade dos fluxos de comunicação, vivemos uma rotina onde muitos acessos estão a um “clique” ou toque. A televisão como mídia preponderante durante várias décadas, na sua transição digital comporta uma função além da TV que conhecíamos, como display interativo que se conecta e absorve conteúdos provenientes de várias fontes. Os consagrados modelos mundiais de distribuição de audiovisual, especialmente pelo Broadcast, sofrem as consequências da mudança do comportamento do seu público pelas novas oportunidades de acesso aos conteúdos, agora interativos e sob demanda. Neste contexto, os modelos das SmartTVs (TVs conectadas) em Broadband (Banda Larga) apresentam opções diferenciadas e requerem um espaço cada vez maior na conexão com todos os outros displays. Com este cenário, o presente estudo busca descrever e analisar as novas ofertas de conteúdos, aplicativos, possibilidades e tendências do hibridismo das fontes para a futura TV.

This dissertation begins by reviewing the difficulties experienced in teaching mathematics to pupiis, weak in mathematics, in the Senior Secondary phase of Cape Education Department schools. The possible use of computer-aided instruction (CAl) in improving the examination performance of such pupils is considered. A suitable CAl software program, viz. the SERGO system, is identified and its operation is described in detail. The researcher investigates, both from a quantitative and a qualitative aspect, the change in mathematics examination performance of a number of weak in mathematics pupils, as a result of receiving an extended period of extra tuition on the SERGO system. It needs to be noted that these pupils are passing candidates in other subjects, and have above average intelligence. They are not slow learners. The researcher identifies three categories of pupils who are weak in mathematics. Different programmes of remediation are recommended for each category. The possible use of the SERGO system as a stand-alone instrument of remediation , for pupils working in pairs, and the possible use by H.G. pupils in combined H.G./S.G. classes are also investigated.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:30:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Antonio Kowalski.pdf: 822717 bytes, checksum: b07b1e8d6f79ff2b5c7ed45608b849df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-27 / The digital society embraces us in all of the daily aspects and a significant part of the population lives connected on multi-platforms. With the instantaneity of the communication flows, we live in a routine where many accesses are from a click or a touch away. The television as a preponderant media for many decades, in its digital transition involves a function beyond the television that we knew, as an interactive display that connects and absorbs contents from many sources. The consecrated global models of audio-visual distribution, especially by Broadcast, suffer the changes consequences of its public behavior by the new opportunities of contents acquisition, now interactive and on demand. On this context, the Smart TVs models (connected televisions) in Broadcast shows differentiated options and they require an increasing space on the connection with other displays. With this scenery, the study seeks to provide and analyze the new content offerings, applications, possibility and trends in the hybridity of the sources for the future television. / A sociedade digital nos abraça em todos os aspectos do cotidiano e uma parte significativa da população vive conectada em multiplataformas. Com a instantaneidade dos fluxos de comunicação, vivemos uma rotina onde muitos acessos estão a um clique ou toque. A televisão como mídia preponderante durante várias décadas, na sua transição digital comporta uma função além da TV que conhecíamos, como display interativo que se conecta e absorve conteúdos provenientes de várias fontes. Os consagrados modelos mundiais de distribuição de audiovisual, especialmente pelo Broadcast, sofrem as consequências da mudança do comportamento do seu público pelas novas oportunidades de acesso aos conteúdos, agora interativos e sob demanda. Neste contexto, os modelos das SmartTVs (TVs conectadas) em Broadband (Banda Larga) apresentam opções diferenciadas e requerem um espaço cada vez maior na conexão com todos os outros displays. Com este cenário, o presente estudo busca descrever e analisar as novas ofertas de conteúdos, aplicativos, possibilidades e tendências do hibridismo das fontes para a futura TV.

The purpose of the study was to develop and evaluate a series of video-tape lessons to supplement the traditional lecture-discussion method of teaching a college course in advanced music theory. The specific problems investigated were: 1) to evaluate the effect of video-tape material on achievement in an advanced music theory course. 2) To assess the effect of the video-tape materials on the achievement in harmony, keyboard, sight singing, and ear training for students who had differential learning ability levels. 3) To assess the attitudes toward music theory and the use of the supplemental lessons. 4) To assess attitudes toward music theory and the use of the supplemental lessons and achievement for all students involved in the study. Analysis of co-variance, simple analysis of variance, t tests, and Pearson correlations produced statistical results that led to the following conclusions: 1) Students who used the video-tape supplemental lessons did not score higher on achievement tests in harmony, keyboard, sight singing, and ear training than the students who did not use those lessons. 2) Students who used the video-tape lessons had greater variance among the ability levels on the achievement tests; and for those using the lessons, students in the low beginning-ability level did not achieve at a corresponding rate with the students in the high and middle levels. 3) Attitudes toward music theory and the use of supplemental materials were less positive for the students who used the video-tape lessons. 4) Among all participants of the evaluation, a significant relationship was found between attitudes toward music theory and the use of supplemental materials and achievement in music theory.

A presente pesquisa consiste na análise de um processo de criação que parte da captura de fragmentos do cotidiano para sua remontagem em pílulas sonoras e audiovisuais, propondo diferentes possibilidades de ocorrências e de instauração dos trabalhos. Para tanto, é feita uma contextualização dos aspectos característicos desta produção em articulação com obras de outros artistas e pesquisadores. Neste sentido, são investigadas as práticas de registro e edição audiovisual, seus estudos correlatos, e as questões conceituais e teóricas envolvidas na constituição deste trabalho. / This reasearch consists of the analysis of a body of work that captures fragments of everyday life situations for reassembly into sound and audiovisual pills, offering different possibilities of works occurrences and its establishment. Therefore, we contextualize the characteristic aspects of this production in conjunction with the works of other artists and researchers. In this sense, audiovisual recording and editing practices are investigated, its related studies, and the conceptual and theoretical issues involved in the creation of this work.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-01T17:55:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-08-21. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-04-01T18:01:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000859842.pdf: 3715727 bytes, checksum: 5d0fb5ddebda00548d9af3f28ad965a9 (MD5) / Novas técnicas de captação e geração de imagens em movimento têm ampliado as possibilidades criativas no audiovisual, e os produtores de conteúdo enfrentam novos desafios para poder contar histórias com esses recursos. Uma delas é o vídeo panorâmico para dispositivos móveis, e as mudanças trazidas por ele serão o foco deste estudo, que pretende entender de que maneira é possível construir narrativas usando esse suporte, uma vez que suas configurações inserem novas lógicas à montagem audiovisual. Sob a perspectiva da semiótica discursiva, serão averiguados, nas obras produzidas pelo Google - chamadas de Spotlight Stories -, quais aspectos da linguagem são reformulados nessa nova técnica de criação de vídeo e o que é alterado no processo comunicativo, com o objetivo de apontar caminhos para a construção e a compreensão de narrativas em vídeo panorâmico / New techniques to capture and produce motion picutres have expanded the creative possibilities in audiovisual, and content producers are facing new challanges in order to tell stories with these new features. One of them is panoramic video for mobile devices, which brought changes that will be focused on this study, that aims to understand how it is possible to construct narratives using this support, since its settings introduce new logic to audiovisual montage. From the perspective of discursive semiotics, the study investigates, in the works produced by Google - called Spotlight Stories - which aspects of language are reformulated in this new technique of vídeo creation and what changes in the communicative process, with the aim to proposing ways to construct and understand panoramic video narratives

Dans cette thèse, nous abordons le problème de l’estimation de pose de visage dans le contexte des interactions homme-robot. Nous abordons la résolution de cette tâche à l’aide d’une approche en deux étapes. Tout d’abord en nous inspirant de [Deleforge 15], nous proposons une nouvelle façon d’estimer la pose d’un visage, en apprenant un lien entre deux espaces, l’espace des paramètres de pose et un espace de grande dimension représentant les observations perçues par une caméra. L’apprentissage de ce lien se fait à l’aide d’une approche probabiliste, utilisant un mélange de regressions affines. Par rapport aux méthodes d’estimation de pose de visage déjà existantes, nous incorporons de nouvelles informations à l’espace des paramètres de pose, ces additions sont nécessaires afin de pouvoir prendre en compte la diversité des observations, comme les differents visages et expressions mais aussi lesdécalages entre les positions des visages détectés et leurs positions réelles, cela permet d’avoir une méthode robuste aux conditions réelles. Les évaluations ont montrées que cette méthode permettait d’avoir de meilleurs résultats que les méthodes de regression standard et des résultats similaires aux méthodes de l’état de l’art qui pour certaines utilisent plus d’informations, comme la profondeur, pour estimer la pose. Dans un second temps, nous développons un modèle temporel qui utilise les capacités des traqueurs pour combiner l’information du présent avec celle du passé. Le but à travers cela est de produire une estimation de la pose plus lisse dans le temps, mais aussi de corriger les oscillations entre deux estimations consécutives indépendantes. Le modèle proposé intègre le précédent modèle de régression dans une structure de filtrage de Kalman. Cette extension fait partie de la famille des modèles dynamiques commutatifs et garde tous les avantages du mélange de regressionsaffines précédent. Globalement, le modèle temporel proposé permet d’obtenir des estimations de pose plus précises et plus lisses sur une vidéo. Le modèle dynamique commutatif donne de meilleurs résultats qu’un modèle de suivi utilsant un filtre de Kalman standard. Bien qu’appliqué à l’estimation de pose de visage le modèle presenté dans cette thèse est très général et peut être utilisé pour résoudre d’autres problèmes de régressions et de suivis. / In this thesis, we address the well-known problem of head-pose estimationin the context of human-robot interaction (HRI). We accomplish this taskin a two step approach. First, we focus on the estimation of the head pose from visual features. We design features that could represent the face under different orientations and various resolutions in the image. The resulting is a high-dimensional representation of a face from an RGB image. Inspired from [Deleforge 15] we propose to solve the head-pose estimation problem by building a link between the head-pose parameters and the high-dimensional features perceived by a camera. This link is learned using a high-to-low probabilistic regression built using probabilistic mixture of affine transformations. With respect to classic head-pose estimation methods we extend the head-pose parameters by adding some variables to take into account variety in the observations (e.g. misaligned face bounding-box), to obtain a robust method under realistic conditions. Evaluation of the methods shows that our approach achieve better results than classic regression methods and similar results thanstate of the art methods in head pose that use additional cues to estimate the head pose (e.g depth information). Secondly, we propose a temporal model by using tracker ability to combine information from both the present and the past. Our aim through this is to give a smoother estimation output, and to correct oscillations between two consecutives independent observations. The proposed approach embeds the previous regression into a temporal filtering framework. This extention is part of the family of switching dynamic models and keeps all the advantages of the mixture of affine regressions used. Overall the proposed tracker gives a more accurate and smoother estimation of the head pose on a video sequence. In addition, the proposed switching dynamic model gives better results than standard tracking models such as Kalman filter. While being applied to the head-pose estimation problem the methodology presented in this thesis is really general and can be used to solve various regression and tracking problems, e.g. we applied it to the tracking of a sound source in an image.

abstract: Sound localization can be difficult in a reverberant environment. Fortunately listeners can utilize various perceptual compensatory mechanisms to increase the reliability of sound localization when provided with ambiguous physical evidence. For example, the directional information of echoes can be perceptually suppressed by the direct sound to achieve a single, fused auditory event in a process called the precedence effect (Litovsky et al., 1999). Visual cues also influence sound localization through a phenomenon known as the ventriloquist effect. It is classically demonstrated by a puppeteer who speaks without visible lip movements while moving the mouth of a puppet synchronously with his/her speech (Gelder and Bertelson, 2003). If the ventriloquist is successful, sound will be “captured” by vision and be perceived to be originating at the location of the puppet. This thesis investigates the influence of vision on the spatial localization of audio-visual stimuli. Participants seated in a sound-attenuated room indicated their perceived locations of either ISI or level-difference stimuli in free field conditions. Two types of stereophonic phantom sound sources, created by modulating the inter-stimulus time interval (ISI) or level difference between two loudspeakers, were used as auditory stimuli. The results showed that the light cues influenced auditory spatial perception to a greater extent for the ISI stimuli than the level difference stimuli. A binaural signal analysis further revealed that the greater visual bias for the ISI phantom sound sources was correlated with the increasingly ambiguous binaural cues of the ISI signals. This finding suggests that when sound localization cues are unreliable, perceptual decisions become increasingly biased towards vision for finding a sound source. These results support the cue saliency theory underlying cross-modal bias and extend this theory to include stereophonic phantom sound sources. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Bioengineering 2015

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-04-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:10:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 iossi_lf_me_bauru.pdf: 413853 bytes, checksum: 4d107f1903a03a363c97a4e399b5e491 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / As transformações na publicidade e na propaganda estão ocorrendo devido ao avanço das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TICs), proporcionando quebra de paradigmas modificando o modo de como assistimos à televisão, e isso, consequentemente, afeta o modelo de negócio deste meio que será alterado, pois o conceito de grade televisiva não será prioridade, sendo assim, os blocos de intervalos comerciais perdem seu principal motivo, e a televisão a fim de manter os anunciantes como patrocinadores da TV está levando os comerciais para dentro do programa. Essas transformações no modelo de negócio analógico, que traz a publicidade nos intervalos comerciais e a pluralidade de novos caminhos que a televisão digital possibilita, levam-nos a pensar sobre as direções que a publicidade irá tomar, isso porque a partir do momento que o telespectador tem a possibilidade de escapar do comercial, a publicidade e a propaganda terão de pensar uma nova forma de chamar a atenção, atrair e conquistar o telespectador, porque o atual modelo de negócio não comportará as novas possibilidades da televisão digital, buscando nova forma de patrocínio e financiamento. A fim de explorar a relação, publicidade e público no novo modelo de nogócio, encontramos o advertainment que, segundo palavras de Walter Longo, promove a sinergia entre emoção e informação, integração de marcas e produtos no ambiente editorial dos veículos de comunicação (LONGO). Isso se faz necessário, porque com a implantação do Sistema Brasileiro de Televisão Digital Terrestre (SBTVD-T), os telespectadores serão participativos, definindo e assistindo ao que desejam, na hora e local em que desejam com a nova plataforma. É nessa conjuntura que surgem as preocupações das agências de publicidade e propaganda, ao perceberem que o telespectador pode simplesmente não assistir a um determinado comercial, ou mesmo ignorar todo o bloco de publicidade / The transformations are occurring due to advance of Information and Communication Technologies and providing breaking paradigms, modifying the way we watch television, and this therefore affects the business model of the media which will be changed, because the TV grid concept won't be a priority, so the advertising spaces lose their main reason, and in order to keep adversitisers as sponsors, the TV manages are bringing the commercials into the shows. These changes in the analog business model that brings advertisement in commercial breaks and a plurality of new ways that digital television provides, leads us to think about the directions that the advertisements will take. From that moment the viewer has the possibility to scape from the commercial, advertising and propaganda have to think a new way to draw attention, attract and capture the viewer, because the current business model does not contain the new possibilities of digital television, trying new form of sponsorship and funding. In order to explore the relation between advertisement and public in a new business model, we found the advertainment which in Walter Longo's words the advertainment promotes synergy between emotion and information, brands and products integration in the editorial environment of the media. (LONGO). It is necessary because with the implementation of the Brazilian System of Digital Terrestrial Television (SBTVD-T) viewers will be participatory, setting and watching what, when and where they want with the new plataform. It appears at this conjuncture the concerns about advertisers and advertising, when it is realized that the viewer cannot simply watch a particular commercial, or even ignore the entire commercial break