O propósito deste trabalho é estudar o Debate do Cálculo Econômico Socialista, desde a sua pré-história a partir da Revolução Marginalista e o seu início em 1920 com o artigo de Ludwig von Mises até a moderna retomada do mesmo na década de noventa. Argumentaremos que a fonte do desacordo pode ser traçada nas diferentes percepções sobre a complexidade do problema alocativo. A desconsideração dessa complexidade por sua vez levou os economistas a usar a teoria microeconômica padrão para construir um novo sistema econômico, desconsiderando as assimetrias entre explicação e previsão/controle existentes na teoria econômica neoclássica. Em cada fase do debate, elementos importantes dos mercados reais, geralmente desconsiderados pela teoria econômica então prevalecente, foram utilizados para criticar as tentativas de solução do problema do cálculo. Em particular, a articulação de Hayek da abordagem austríaca de processo de mercado foi em parte fruto do debate e ainda é relevante para avaliar os méritos das propostas modernas de socialismo de mercado e o significado da teoria micro em geral. / The purpose of this work is to study the Socialist Economic Calculation Debate, from its prehistory since the Marginalist Revolution and its beginning in 1920 with Ludwig von Mises article to the modern reopening of the discussions in the 90´s. We will argue that the source of the disagreement can be traced to the different perceptions about the complexity of the allocative problem. The neglect of this complexity in turn lead the economists to use the standard microeconomic theory to construct a new economic system, disregarding the asymmetries between explanation and prediction/control in neoclassical economic theory. At each phase of the debate, important elements of the real markets, usually disregarded by the economic theory prevailing in the moment, were used to criticize the attempts to find a solution to the calculation problem. Particularly, Hayek´s articulation of the Austrian or market process approach to economic theory was in part fruit of this debate and is still relevant to evaluate the merits of the modern market socialist proposals and the significance of micro theory in general.

A partir da comparação do primeiro volume autobiográfico do escritor austríaco Thomas Bernhard, Die Ursache. Eine Andeutung (1975), com o romance Auslöschung. Ein Zerfall (1986), o qual simula, de certo modo, o gênero autobiográfico, procura-se observar como os mesmos complexos temáticos são configurados nos dois casos e como as diferenças encontradas se relacionam com as diferentes intenções ligadas aos textos, bem como aos diferentes momentos de escrita. É possível notar como a ficção possibilita ao autor mais liberdade para experimentar formalmente, bem como para intensificar o ataque desenvolvido contra suas origens, ao passo que na autobiografia, apesar de também apresentar um viés crítico acentuado, o fazer de forma mais sóbria, ocupando-se com questões de verossimilhança e autenticidade próprias do gênero. Além disso, este trabalho tenta mostrar como a ficção, surgida na mesma época da autobiografia, pode ser lida como uma espécie de comentário a esta. / This work deals with the comparison of the first autobiographical volume of the Austrian writer Thomas Bernhard, Die Ursache. Eine Andeutung (1975), with his novel Auslöschung. Ein Zerfall (1986), which has some characteristics of the autobiographical genre. The comparison intends to show how the same themes are configured in both cases and how the differences can be related to the different intentions and different moments of writing. Being noted as fiction allows the author more freedom to experiment formally and to intensify the attack he developed against his origins, while in the autobiography, although it also has a strong critical aspect, he puts his arguments in a restrained way, dealing with issues of verisimilitude and authenticity, which are typical for this genre. Furthermore, this text will try to analyse how the novel, written in the same context as the autobiography, completes it and functions like a kind of remark to the autobiographical work.

Este trabalho trata da tradução do conto Der blinde Geronimo und sein Bruder (1900) [O cego Geronimo e seu irmão] de Arthur Schnitzler segundo a abordagem de Jií Levý. O primeiro capítulo analisará a teoria geral da tradução literária descrita pelo teórico tcheco em sua obra Die literarische Übersetzung Theorie einer Kunstgattung [A tradução literária teoria de um gênero artístico] de 1963. No segundo capítulo haverá a leitura crítica do conto. O terceiro capítulo trará a tradução do conto na íntegra. O quarto, os comentários, os quais visam esclarecer as decisões do tradutor. / This work deals with the translation of the tale Der blinde Geronimo und sein Bruder (1900) [Blind Geronimo and his brother], written by Arthur Schnitzler, according to Jií Levýs approach. The first chapter will examine the general theory of literary translation described by the Czech theoretician in his book Die literarische Übersetzung Theorie einer Kunstgattung (1963) [The literary translation theory of an artistic genre]. The second chapter will comprise a critical reading of the tale. The third chapter will bring the translation of the tale in full. The forth will present the notes, which aim to clarify the translators decisions.

There is a growing literature studying unemployment dynamics by means of worker flow data between labor market states. This paper contributes to this literature stream by analyzing the dynamics of the Austrian unemployment rate applying novel worker flow data for 2005-2016. Our main results can be summarized along two dimensions: First, we show that worker flows between unemployment and inactivity are major determinants of unemployment fluctuations in Austria. Second, we show for the working-age population that the contribution of male worker flows to the overall variation of the unemployment rate is higher, but that this relation turns when it comes to the youth cohort. The gender differences are probably related to the early occupational and educational segregation of young men and women in Austria. The paper concludes by stressing a strong need for further empirical and theoretical research which aims to link structural differences in an economy with different responses to the business cycle. / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

This thesis deals with the problem of recent financial crisis and possible ways to prevent it from returning in the future. The basic document here deals with the changes made by US government and their comparison with set of laws from the time of the Great Depression. This comparison results into proposal of some further changes. The last part deals with the systematic flaw of credit expansion a offers a solution based on principles of the Austrian school modified to correspond more closely with current system

This diploma thesis deals with the phenomenon of critical essay writing in the context of contemporary Austrian literature as exemplified by the author Robert Menasse. The introductory chapter presents Robert Menasse's life and work. The following chapter deals with Austria's interpretation of, and its struggle to come to terms with, its part in the complicated history of the last century as well as how this is reflected in post-war Austrian literature. The focus of the chapter is the issue of national identity - the development and re- definition of the proposition of Austria as the "first victim" of Nazi Germany - and its reflection in Austrian post-war literature. The key element of the thesis is an analysis of the essay collections, The country without qualities and Explain Austria to me. Through critical analysis of a wide range of topics in his essays - social partnership, the Austrian Independence Treaty, neutrality etc., Menasse presents a comprehensive picture of Austria with all its contradictions.

<p>This paper studies the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein during his years (1920–26) as an elementary school teacher in remote Niederösterreich, Austria. The paper gives a survey of his life, and also a brief account of three of his main works: Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, Philosophical Investigations and Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics. Attention is given to his alphabetical word list, Wörterbuch für Volksschulen, published for educational use in elementary schools. The study is focused on Wittgenstein’s educational practise, and establishes a connection between his experience as a teacher and his late philosophy.</p>

This paper studies the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein during his years (1920–26) as an elementary school teacher in remote Niederösterreich, Austria. The paper gives a survey of his life, and also a brief account of three of his main works: Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, Philosophical Investigations and Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics. Attention is given to his alphabetical word list, Wörterbuch für Volksschulen, published for educational use in elementary schools. The study is focused on Wittgenstein’s educational practise, and establishes a connection between his experience as a teacher and his late philosophy.

The  Austrian  Business  Cycle  Theory  (ABC)  provides  a  qualitative  explanation  of  why economies go through ups and downs in terms of national income, production output and labor employment. The theory states that interest and money supply policy distort the time preferences of economic agents. If the monetary authority reduces the interest rate through artificial credit expansion the new economic conditions induce both increased production and consumption. The  framework of  the Austrian  theory depends on  savings  to  fuel  investments, i.e. reduced consumption in order to create increased future consumption. Artificially  induced  expansions  create  a wedge between  these producer  and  consumer preferences, and prolonging of the process widens the gap between the economic state and the free market  equilibrium which  is  long-term  sustainable. When  the  financial  system  eventually is unable to maintain inflation of credit to uphold the economy, there will be abandonment of capital investments, resulting in an unavoidable recession. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the theory from a short run perspective, using data from  the United Kingdom  economy. The  theory has previously primarily been  tested  in long run perspectives and mainly on the American economy. To achieve the noted a model was constructed based on the description of the theory by economists Hayek and Garrison, members of the Austrian school of economics. To empirically model the ABC theory the ratio between consumption and investment, the intertemporal  resource allocation, was  calculated and used as a dependent variable  in  regressions with money aggregates, credit and interest rate gap as independent variables. The empirical findings give some support to the theory, with a number of those findings directly in favor of the theory. Credit was shown to better explain changes in the C/I ratio than money aggregates, indicating that credit is more directly suited for investments. The coefficient for the interest rate gap, the difference between the natural interest rate and the market interest rate, showed strong significance. Overall differences between economic expansions and recessions were found statistically significant, which lends support to the model.

Since the transformation from Political Economy to Economics and from Classical to Neoclassical theory in the late nineteenth century, a theory of human behavior has constituted the initial foundation upon which all economic theory is based and developed. Two main theories of human behavior developed by William Stanley Jevons and Carl Menger have been generally accepted to have ushered in this Marginalist Revolution. Jevons marginal utility theory popularized by Alfred Marshall is still extensively used today, while the Austrian approach of Menger was effectively removed from academic discussion in the nineteen thirties; mainly as a result of the annexation of Austria and the dissolution of the Austrian School of Economics. Given the inability of economists to fully operationalize the marginal utility theory and realistically explain and resolve a broad range of behavioral anomalies using Neoclassical and Post-Neoclassical Economics, this thesis attempts to examine and address the most fundamental issues of human behavior in economics to explain how utility theory and modern Neoclassical and Post-Neoclassical Economics are flawed and how a realistic theory of human behavior, developed from the scholarly work of the early Austrian Economists, can be used to develop the basis of a scientific economics, derived from observation, that holds the potential to both expand the scope of economic understanding, redirect the focus of the discipline, and possibly unify the many disparate theories in the field.