Following the work of Conant and Vogtmann on determining the homology of the group of outer automorphisms of a free group, a new nontrivial class in the rational homology of Outer space is established for the free group of rank eight. The methods started in [8] are heavily exploited and used to create a new graph complex called the space of good chord diagrams. This complex carries with it significant computational advantages in determining possible nontrivial homology classes.Next, we create a basepointed version of the Lie operad and explore some of it proper- ties. In particular, we prove a Kontsevich-type theorem that relates the Lie homology of a particular space to the cohomology of the group of automorphisms of the free group.

Diatoms have been proven to be reliable indicators of water quality in many countries of the world particularly Europe. The potential use of diatoms as indicators of water quality in South Africa was tested in the studies in this document. This study evaluates the potential use of diatom based indices by testing it against a macroinvertebrate index (SASS 5) and evaluating the variation in the index scores of the two indices due to changes in chemical water quality and habitat. It was concluded that the diatom monitoring system performs well as bioindicator of water quality. It was also concluded that it should be used as a complementary system to the much used SASS 5 invertebrate index. This conclusion was made due to the fact that diatoms react more directly to changes in water quality than macroinvertebrates (SASS 5), and macroinvertebrates react more readily to changes in habitat than diatoms. A further part of the study was to assess whether aut-ecological or diversity based diatom indices performed best in South African conditions. This study found that the ecological indices were more sensitive to changes in water quality than the diversity indices. The diatom based indices that performed best as water quality indicators were the specific pollution sensitivity index (SPI) and the biological diatom index (BDI). A standard method for the sampling, preparation and enumeration for diatoms to be used for index score generation is also suggested to ensure the comparability of diatom based index data to facilitate use of such bio monitoring data for management purposes. The main focus of the study was to eliminate some of the obstacles for the use of diatoms as bio indicators of water quality in South Africa. It is believe that this aim has been accomplished in the study. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Environmental Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Diatoms have been proven to be reliable indicators of water quality in many countries of the world particularly Europe. The potential use of diatoms as indicators of water quality in South Africa was tested in the studies in this document. This study evaluates the potential use of diatom based indices by testing it against a macroinvertebrate index (SASS 5) and evaluating the variation in the index scores of the two indices due to changes in chemical water quality and habitat. It was concluded that the diatom monitoring system performs well as bioindicator of water quality. It was also concluded that it should be used as a complementary system to the much used SASS 5 invertebrate index. This conclusion was made due to the fact that diatoms react more directly to changes in water quality than macroinvertebrates (SASS 5), and macroinvertebrates react more readily to changes in habitat than diatoms. A further part of the study was to assess whether aut-ecological or diversity based diatom indices performed best in South African conditions. This study found that the ecological indices were more sensitive to changes in water quality than the diversity indices. The diatom based indices that performed best as water quality indicators were the specific pollution sensitivity index (SPI) and the biological diatom index (BDI). A standard method for the sampling, preparation and enumeration for diatoms to be used for index score generation is also suggested to ensure the comparability of diatom based index data to facilitate use of such bio monitoring data for management purposes. The main focus of the study was to eliminate some of the obstacles for the use of diatoms as bio indicators of water quality in South Africa. It is believe that this aim has been accomplished in the study. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Environmental Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2008.

Thesis (MEd) -- AUT University, 2007. / Primary supervisor: Sue Stover. Includes bibliographical references. Also held in print (125 leaves : col. ill. ; 30 cm.) in City Campus Theses Collection (T 070.4071193 BOY)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T15:16:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sharon Dantas da Cunha_TESE.pdf: 1195447 bytes, checksum: 1fbe3e032b9d8b35f426da9dcf7b882c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-30 / Complex systems have stimulated much interest in the scientific community in the last twenty years. Examples this area are the Domany-Kinzel cellular automaton and Contact Process that are studied in the first chapter this tesis. We determine the critical behavior of these systems using the spontaneous-search method and short-time dynamics (STD). Ours results confirm that the DKCA e CP belong to universality class of Directed Percolation. In the second chapter, we study the particle difusion in two models of stochastic sandpiles. We characterize the difusion through diffusion constant D, definite through in the relation h(x)2i = 2Dt. The results of our simulations, using finite size scalling and STD, show that the diffusion constant can be used to study critical properties. Both models belong to universality class of Conserved Directed Percolation. We also study that the mean-square particle displacement in time, and characterize its dependence on the initial configuration and particle density. In the third chapter, we introduce a computacional model, called Geographic Percolation, to study watersheds, fractals with aplications in various areas of science. In this model, sites of a network are assigned values between 0 and 1 following a given probability distribution, we order this values, keeping always its localization, and search pk site that percolate network. Once we find this site, we remove it from the network, and search for the next that has the network to percole newly. We repeat these steps until the complete occupation of the network. We study the model in 2 and 3 dimension, and compare the bidimensional case with networks form at start real data (Alps e Himalayas) / Sistemas Complexos t?m despertado bastante interesse na comunidade cient?fica nestas duas ?ltimas d?cadas. Exemplos desta ?rea s?o os Aut?matos Celulares, dentre os quais citamos o de Domany-Kinzel (ACDK) e o Processo de Contato (PC) que estudaremos no primeiro cap?tulo desta tese. Determinamos a criticalidade destes sistemas usando o M?todo de Busca Autom?tica e o Regime de Tempo Curto (RTC). Os nossos resultados confirmaram que o ACDK e o PC pertencem a classe de universalidade da Percola??o Direcionada. No segundo cap?tulo, estudamos a difus?o de part?culas em dois modelos de Pilhas de Areia Estoc?sticas. Caracterizamos a difus?o atrav?s da constante de difus?o D, definida atrav?s da rela??o ((A x)2)= 2Dt. Os resultados das nossas simula??es computacionais (colapsos de dados e RTC) mostraram que esta constante pode usada para estudar as propriedades cr?ticas. Ambos os modelos pertencem a classe de universalidade da percola??o direcionada conservativa. Tamb?m estudamos o comportamento do deslocamento quadr?tico da posi??o no tempo que ? dependente da configura??o inicial e do valor de p. No terceiro, criamos um modelo num?rico, denominado de ?Percola??o Geogr?fica?, para estudar as linhas divis?rias, fractais cujas aplica??es est?o nas mais distintas ?reas. Neste modelo, preenchemos a rede com valores entre 0 e 1 a partir de uma distribui??o de probabilidade, ordenamos estes valores, sempre guardando a sua localiza??o, e procuramos o s?tio pk que faz a rede percolar. Quando encontramos este s?tio, o retiramos da rede, e procuramos o pr?ximo que faz a rede percolar novamente. Repetimos at? preencher a rede. Estudamos o caso em 2 e 3 dimens?es, e comparamos o caso bidimensional com redes formadas a partir de dados reais (Alpes e Himalaia)

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-06-14T19:30:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AndouglasGoncalvesDaSilvaJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 13152104 bytes, checksum: 99c0c9ade0d1538e8281c29ae97d3602 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-14T19:38:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AndouglasGoncalvesDaSilvaJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 13152104 bytes, checksum: 99c0c9ade0d1538e8281c29ae97d3602 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-14T19:38:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndouglasGoncalvesDaSilvaJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 13152104 bytes, checksum: 99c0c9ade0d1538e8281c29ae97d3602 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-08 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Propomos um sistema mecatr?nico completo para monitoramento da qualidade da ?gua em rios, lagoas (e represas) e no mar, capaz de realizar a coleta, processamento e apresenta??o dos dados na web, em tempo real, com o intuito de facilitar a sua an?lise, de forma r?pida e precisa pelas comunidades interessadas. A t?tulo de aplica??o, o sistema est? sendo embarcado em um veleiro rob?tico aut?nomo, que ser? a plataforma respons?vel por coletar os dados em v?rios pontos pr?-definidos em um sistema de planejamento de navega??o. Este projeto une as vantagens da autonomia de um veleiro rob?tico com a necessidade de monitoramento r?pido e preciso da qualidade da ?gua. Introduzimos a arquitetura de hardware e software de um sistema de monitoramento gen?rico que d? suporte a diferente aplica??es, focando sua utiliza??o em um veleiro rob?tico aut?nomo n?o tripulado, facilitando o desenvolvimento de pesquisas nessa ?rea. / We propose a mechatronic system for monitoring water quality in rivers, lakes, dams and sea, able to perform the acquisition, processing and presentation of data via the web in real time, in order to facilitate analysis quickly and needs by interested communities. The hardware architecture and software monitoring system has been developed so that it can be generic, that is, supporting different applications. Nevertheless, as a validation of the proposed system, we built a prototype that operates embarked on an autonomous robotic sailboat, a responsible platform for collecting the data in multiple predefined points from a ground station with a planning system navigation. This final application combines the advantages of autonomy of a robotic sailboat with the need for fast and accurate monitoring of water quality, in addition to the use of an autonomous robotic sailboat unmanned facilitate the development of other research in this area.

The present study describes the nature, scope and application of universal jurisdiction as an important tool against impunity in international criminal law, in a straight forward manner, where inquiry into the recent developments of universal jurisdiction is undertaken. Forthwith, the formation of the principle of universal jurisdiction - especially its practical application - must be guided by international consensus, not through advocacy action of states with short term and narrow objectives. The thesis seeks to identify and observe how far the law of universal jurisdiction has actually evolved and how far we should expect it to evolve in the near future, considering its restrains and challenges. It is argued that the concept of state sovereignty, which constitutes the greatest impediment on the exercise of universal jurisdiction, has seen various changes to its fundamentals elements in the 21st Century. The aim is to look at the universality principle, not as an isolated part, but as part of a broader framework in modern international law and thus special attention is given to the relationship between universal jurisdiction and the principle of aut dedere aut judicare. These principles are interrelated, yet distinct, parallels in deterring commission of the most heinous offences of international...

« Il faut prendre cela dans un sens ironique » affirmait Bernard-Marie Koltès face à l’incertitude de la réception exprimée dans Der Spiegel : « on ne sait pas vraiment jusqu’à quel point vos sentences philosophiques sont à prendre au sérieux ». Nous proposons d’explorer l’efficacité « séductrice » dont semble emprunte l'écriture koltésienne – notamment à partir de 1977 – si l'on en juge par l'intérêt qu'elle suscite très tôt et continue à susciter, par le fil tendu de l'ironie. Le concept ancien et moderne d’ironie offre à la lecture un outil opérant lorsqu’il s’agit de suivre les lignes de fuite de l’écriture koltésienne. Le concept d’ironie tel que Kierkegaard nous offre de le percevoir se fonde sur la tension insurmontable d’un « ou bien / ou bien » (aut-aut). Tensions entre les contraires, dissonances, sabotages, disparitions, masques, secret gardé par l’écriture, mentions des stratégies du mensonge et des apparences, paradoxes faits d’alliances inextricables entre comique et tragique, violence et sacré, sont autant de procédés d’écriture repérables qui semblent viser la possibilité d’une « vraie » rencontre, bien qu’intenable, entre le monde, l’auteur et son destinataire. Au carrefour de questionnements multiples, d'ordre pragmatique, esthétique, dramaturgique, philosophique, cette recherche littéraire interroge le « pacte » d’écriture d’un auteur avec l’autre, avec le monde, en quête d’un espace « vrai » à partager, dont la vérité tiendrait précisément de son impossible affirmation. Un théâtre qui dit une chose pour en faire entendre une autre. / "We must take this in an ironic sense," said Bernard-Marie Koltès faced to the uncertainty of the reception expressed in Der Spiegel : "one never knows how far your philosophical sentences must be taken seriously." We suggest to explore the "seductive" effectiveness which seems to belong to Koltesian writing - especially from 1977 - judging by the interest it arouses very early and continues to suggest, through the tight wire of irony. The ancient and modern concept of irony offers an operative tool to reading, when it comes to following the lines of escape of Koltesian writing. The concept of irony such as developped by Kierkegaard, is based on the insurmountable tension of a « something /or else" (aut-aut). Tensions between opposites, dissonances, sabotage, disappearance, masks, secret kept by writing, mentions of the strategies of lies and appearances, paradoxes made of inextricable alliances between comic and tragic, violence and sacred, are different ways of writing ; they seem to aim the possibility of a "real" meeting, although inalienable, between the world, the author and his recipient. At the crossroads of multiple pragmatic, aesthetic, dramaturgical, philosophical matters, this literary search questions the "pact" of writing from an author towards everyone, towards the world, looking for a "true" space to be shared and whose truth would precisely be the result of its impossible affirmation. A theater that says something to whisper something else.

Submitted by ANA KARLA PEREIRA RODRIGUES (anakarla_@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-16T14:45:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 923276 bytes, checksum: 684d210a074aefcedef691723f8d04e0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-16T14:45:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 923276 bytes, checksum: 684d210a074aefcedef691723f8d04e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / It is well-known that planes and quadric surfaces in the projective space contain in - nitely many lines. For smooth cubic surface Cayley and Salmon, 1847, (and Clebsch later) proved that it has exactly 27 lines. For degree 4, in 1943 Segre proved that the maximum number of lines contained in a smooth quartic surface is 64. For surfaces of degree greater than 4 this number is unknown. In this work, we are going to explore what is the maximum number of lines that a smooth complex surface of degree d of the family Fd ; may contain. Thus, we obtain a lower bound to the maximum number of lines that non singular surfaces of degree d in P3 may contain. We emphasize that the determination of this numbers is based on the Klein's classi cation theorem of nitte subgroups of Aut(P1) and the study of 􀀀C; the subgroup of Aut(P1) whose elements leaves invariant the nite subset C of P1: / Sabe-se que planos e superf cies qu adricas no espa co projetivo cont em in nitas retas. No caso de uma superf cie c ubica n~ao singular Cayley e Salmon, em 1847, (e Clebsch, mais tarde) provaram que ela cont em exatamente 27 retas. No caso de grau 4, em 1943 Segre provou que o n umero m aximo de retas contidas numa superf cie qu artica n~ao singular e 64. Para superf cies de grau maior que 4 esse n umero e desconhecido. Neste trabalho vamos explorar qual e a quantidade m axima de retas que uma superf cie complexa n~ao singular de grau d na fam lia Fd ; pode conter. Assim obtemos uma cota inferior para o n umero m aximo de retas que as superf cies n~ao singulares de grau d em P3 podem conter. Salientamos que a determina c~ao destes n umeros tem como base o Teorema de Classi ca cao de Klein dos sugbrupos nitos de Aut(P1) e o estudo dos subgrupos 􀀀C de Aut(P1) que deixam invariante um subconjunto nito C de P1:

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:56:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 396634.pdf: 4379009 bytes, checksum: 904efa08cd431933fc1c9ff6ea53d7d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-24 / Introdu??o - A manobra de Valsalva ? realizada utilizando-se uma t?cnica padr?o. O volunt?rio sopra num bocal, o qual ? preso a um man?metro, mantendo a glote parcialmente aberta, atrav?s de um pequeno orif?cio que permite a passagem do ar, medindo-se, assim, ? press?o intrator?cica. Usualmente, a press?o utilizada na manobra de Valsalva ? de 40mmHg pelo per?odo de 15s. As mudan?as hemodin?micas durante a realiza??o da manobra s?o divididas em 4 fases e incluem, especialmente, altera??es na freq??ncia card?aca e press?o arterial. Esta manobra ? comum no dia-a-dia, ocorrendo quando o indiv?duo tosse, vomita ou defeca. Pilotos de aeronaves de alta performance usam uma varia??o da manobra de Valsalva para melhorar a toler?ncia ?s r?pidas mudan?as na acelera??o. Em pesquisas laboratoriais, a manobra de Valsalva avalia a fun??o cardiovascular e o controle r?pido da press?o arterial aguda. Clinicamente, esta manobra ? utilizada como um teste de integridade funcional do sistema nervoso aut?nomo. O aparelho desenvolvido ? indicado para ser utilizado na preven??o e tratamento da taquicardia atrial parox?stica, da s?ncope neurog?nica e da hipertens?o arterial sist?mica; em pacientes acamados; no diagn?stico de altera??es venosas de membros inferiores; em miss?es espaciais, onde, pela exposi??o ? microgravidade, o astronauta perde a fun??o barorreflexa. Objetivo - O presente estudo objetivou desenvolver e discutir as poss?veis aplica??es de um m?todo para estimula??o barorreceptora, atrav?s de um novo aparelho que permite a realiza??o da manobra de Valsalva de forma automatizada e n?o-assistida. M?todo - Um man?metro digital foi projetado e desenvolvido pelo Laborat?rio de Microgravidade/PUCRS para monitorar a press?o intrator?cica exercida durante a expira??o for?ada ou manobra de Valsalva. Este equipamento, denominado de Equipamento para Manobra de Valsalva (EMV), ? constitu?do de cinco partes principais, sendo elas: um transdutor de press?o (sensor de press?o e amplificador de sinais), um display de caracteres, um display em barra de LED e um microcontrolador. Conclus?o - O aparelho desenvolvido ? de f?cil manuseio e visualiza??o, port?til e de baixo custo. Testes preliminares indicaram que o EMV permite que um indiv?duo realize a manobra de Valsalva de forma de forma correta e sem qualquer assist?ncia durante o procedimento.