Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:50:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 397350.pdf: 1116955 bytes, checksum: 56e8c94cf13d61a08aec37811131b9a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-02-23 / Os estudos na ?rea de Avalia??o de desempenho de Sistemas t?m evolu?do nos ?ltimos anos, em especial com a defini??o do formalismo de Redes de Aut?matos Estoc?sticos (SAN) e com a implementa??o do algoritmo Shuffle, o qual implementa um m?todo eficiente para a execu??o da multiplica??o vetor-descritor, necess?ria para a resolu??o de modelos SAN. Mais recentemente, foi proposto um novo m?todo para a multiplica??o vetor-descritor, o m?todo slice, que introduzindo novos conceitos, prometia na teoria ser mais eficiente que o tradicional m?todo Shuffle. Pois neste estudo, este rec?m definido e at? ent?o pouco explorado m?todo, foi estudado em detalhes e realizada uma implementa??o incluindo algumas otimiza??es no seu algoritmo original. Ainda, durante este estudo, foram realizadas algumas modifica??es do algoritmo do m?todo Slice com mesmo intuito de resolver modelos SAN funcionais, uma vez que as vers?es anteriores n?o eram capaz de tratar fun??es. Para demonstrar a efici?ncia do m?todo Slice e das otimiza??es propostas, diversos experimentos foram conduzidos utilizando dois modelos SAN. Os resultados de tempo e custo computacional foram analisados e discutidos durante este estudo, comparando-os inclusive com resultados do tradicional m?todo Shuffle. Desta forma, verificou-se o quanto o m?todo Slice pode ser ?til na resolu??o de sistemas, uma vez que os resultados pr?ticos mostram que o m?todo Slice ? mais eficiente que a solu??o tradicional (Shuffle) na maioria dos casos.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-07-12T17:25:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LaisTonelloDissertacao2014.pdf: 11519123 bytes, checksum: 6a9ccf53e533300ecb3b98c5ed7ccca0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-07-12T17:25:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LaisTonelloDissertacao2014.pdf: 11519123 bytes, checksum: 6a9ccf53e533300ecb3b98c5ed7ccca0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-12T17:25:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LaisTonelloDissertacao2014.pdf: 11519123 bytes, checksum: 6a9ccf53e533300ecb3b98c5ed7ccca0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-01 / Mental disorders affect more than 450 million people worldwide. It is estimated that by 2030 depression will be the most common disease in the world. Depression negatively influences autonomic nervous system control. Given the uncontrolled growth of this disease and potential risks, some studies pointed out the importance of exercise and physical activity for prevention and treatment of depression. Thus, this study aims to investigate the relationship between autonomic control, depression, physical activity and aerobic fitness in young women. The study included 51 women employed at Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB). The following evaluations were performed: anamnesis, resting electrocardiogram, body composition, submaximal cycle ergometer test, aerobic fitness test, heart rate variability (HRV) analysis, a questionnaire to assess the level of physical activity and depressive symptoms, and the assessment of physical activity levels through accelerometry. The results of this study demonstrated significant correlations between depression scores and: maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) (r= -462, p= 0.023), and body fat percentage (r= 514, p= 0.032) and body mass index (r= 439 p= 0,032). However, there were some moderate correlations between heart rate recovery and some indices of physical activity. This study concluded that exercise and habitual physical activity are adjuncts to control of depression scores, due to the importance they play in improved levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, percentage body fat and body mass index. / Os transtornos mentais afetam mais de 450 milh??es de pessoas no mundo. Estima-se que em 2030 a depress??o seja a doen??a mais comum do mundo. A depress??o influencia de forma negativa no controle do sistema aut??nomo. Diante do crescimento descontrolado dessa doen??a e os potenciais riscos associados, alguns estudos apontaram para a import??ncia do exerc??cio e da atividade f??sica como forma de preven????o e tratamento da depress??o. Desta forma, o presente estudo tem como objetivo principal investigar a rela????o entre controle auton??mico, depress??o, atividade f??sica e aptid??o aer??bia em jovens mulheres. Participaram do estudo 51 mulheres, funcion??rias da Universidade Cat??lica de Bras??lia (UCB). Foram realizadas as seguintes avalia????es: anamnese, eletrocardiograma de repouso, composi????o corporal, teste subm??ximo em cicloerg??metro, teste de aptid??o aer??bia, an??lise da variabilidade da frequ??ncia card??aca (VFC), question??rio para avaliar o n??vel de atividade f??sica e sintomas depressivos, e a avalia????o dos n??veis de atividade f??sica por meio de aceler??metro. Os resultados do presente estudo, demostraram correla????o significativa entre os escores de depress??o e o consumo m??ximo de oxig??nio (VO2max) (r= -462, p=0,023), e percentual de gordura (r= 514, p= 0,010) e ??ndice de massa corporal (r= 439, p= 0,032). No entanto, foram encontradas algumas correla????es moderadas entre a recupera????o da FC e v??rios ??ndices de atividade f??sica. O presente estudo concluiu que o exerc??cio f??sico e a atividade f??sica (AF) habitual s??o coadjuvantes para o controle dos escores de depress??o, devido ?? import??ncia que exercem na melhora dos n??veis de aptid??o cardiorrespirat??ria, %G, e IMC.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:19:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007-Francisco Antonio Ferreira Avila.pdf: 768422 bytes, checksum: c6a4c22b2f70320ded61d6f0c3793a7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07-23 / This work has the objective to evaluate the process of implantation of the management half-autonomous worker (GSA) of groups in the production system of an industry of tires in Rio de Janeiro. Concepts, beddings and pointers on diverse boarding of the subject had been revised and also the organization of the work of the production system. Moreover, a study of case in a company was carried through, where it was possible to know the methodology of implantation of GSA philosophy and to evaluate the effectiveness of the same one. A sector of its plant was chosen, in which the GSA was implanted and functioning. In this sector, questionnaires in the employees and the direct head had been applied, approaching the main important points to the indicating functioning of the autonomy and recouped subjects of performance which had allowed to evaluate the maturity reached and the measurable improvements for the sector in this process and profits for the company and its employees. The global vision of the GSA in the plant was gotten through the interview carried through with responsible for the program of implantation of the GSA in all the sectors of the plant. Through all the research, it was possible to verify that the company is implanting the GSA by a methodological way, which applies the management half-autonomous worker in a mature and consolidated way. / Este trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar o processo de implanta??o do gerenciamento semi-aut?nomo (GSA) de grupos no sistema de produ??o de uma ind?stria de pneum?ticos no Rio de Janeiro. Foram revisados conceitos, fundamentos e indicadores sobre diversas abordagens do tema organiza??o do trabalho do sistema de produ??o. Al?m disso, foi realizado um estudo de caso onde foi poss?vel conhecer a metodologia de implanta??o da filosofia GSA na empresa e avaliar a efic?cia da mesma. Foi escolhido um setor de uma unidade industrial, no qual o GSA se encontrava implantado e funcionando. Foram aplicados question?rios aos funcion?rios e ao chefe direto, abordando os principais temas importantes no funcionamento da autonomia e recuperados indicadores de desempenho. Este material de estudo permitiu avaliar a maturidade alcan?ada pelo setor neste processo e os ganhos mensur?veis para a empresa e seus funcion?rios. A vis?o global do GSA na planta foi obtida atrav?s da entrevista realizada com o respons?vel pelo programa de implanta??o do GSA em todos os setores da f?brica. Atrav?s de toda a pesquisa realizada foi poss?vel comprovar que a empresa est? implantando o GSA de forma metodol?gica, e que o setor estudado aplica o gerenciamento semi-aut?nomo de forma madura e consolidada.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:19:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Rodrigo Linhares Lauria.pdf: 1096290 bytes, checksum: cd2e531f6c6a91f9e7e441cc348ef596 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-06 / It is a descriptive qualitative research, accomplished in a Brazilian branch of a French multinational company, that it aims at to analyze how the semi-autonomous groups methodology works in a management point of view. As the increasing empowerment by the use of these semi-autonomous groups is a recognized practice of improving competitiveness in the companies, it was necessary to identify which aspects related to the implantation methodology, chosen by the multinational, presented positive aspects and deficiencies in the employees optics. The used methodology is a case study, where in the data collection was used a questionnaire and daily observations of the company. The chosen universe is the operational department of the multinational, due to its largest implication in the implementation of the semi-autonomous groups. The chosen sample refers to a specific section of the assembly department, because it was considered representative in the analysis universe. The associate theory, from which the questionnaire was elaborated, found the necessary abilities/knowledge to the implementation of semi-autonomous groups, as well as the three competence dimensions idealized for Le Boterf, generating thirty six questions, being two for each relationship abilities/knowledge - competence dimensions between abilities/knowledge and competence dimensions. The conclusion of the questionnaires results analyses basing on the lifted up theories, the implantation manual of the multinational and the section observations, identified five roads of progress so that it is possible to develop the necessary competences to the semi-autonomous groups of this multinational. Which are: leadership formation and sensitization, development of the evaluation system, complete implantation of the spokes, formation / training in the other necessary competences to GSA and implantation of monthly team meetings. / Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa descritiva, realizada numa filial brasileira de uma empresa multinacional francesa, que objetiva analisar como a metodologia grupos semiaut?nomos est? em termos de gest?o. Como o aumento da responsabiliza??o pela utiliza??o destes grupos semi-aut?nomos ? uma pr?tica reconhecida de melhoria da competitividade das empresas, visualizou-se a necessidade de identificar quais aspectos ligados ? metodologia de implanta??o, escolhida pela multinacional, apresentavam aspectos positivos e defici?ncias na ?tica dos funcion?rios objeto de sua a??o. A metodologia utilizada ? um estudo de caso, onde na coleta de dados utilizou-se um question?rio e observa??es do cotidiano da empresa. O universo escolhido ? a parte operacional da multinacional, pois s?o os maiores implicados na implementa??o dos grupos semi-aut?nomos. A amostra escolhida ? referente a um setor espec?fico de produ??o do departamento de montagem, por este ser considerado representativo do universo em an?lise. O referencial te?rico, a partir do qual foi elaborado o question?rio, levantou as habilidades/conhecimentos necess?rias ? implementa??o de grupos semi-aut?nomos, assim como, as tr?s dimens?es da compet?ncia idealizadas por Le Boterf, gerando trinta e seis perguntas, sendo duas para cada rela??o entre habilidades/conhecimentos e dimens?es da compet?ncia. A conclus?o das an?lises dos resultados dos question?rios a luz das teorias levantadas, do manual de implanta??o da multinacional e das observa??es realizadas neste setor em quest?o, identificaram cinco vias de progresso para que seja poss?vel desenvolver as compet?ncias necess?rias aos grupos semi-aut?nomos desta multinacional. As quais s?o: forma??o e sensibiliza??o da chefia, evolu??o do sistema de avalia??o, implanta??o completa dos representantes, forma??o/ treinamento nas outras compet?ncias necess?rias ao GSA e formaliza??o de reuni?es mensais das equipes.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosAF.pdf: 3157701 bytes, checksum: 321380718abc3cf2b4863451edba1f31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-22 / A S?ndrome de Berardinelli-Seip ou Lipodistrofia Generalizada Cong?nita (LGC) ? uma doen?a rara, com transmiss?o autoss?mica recessiva, caracterizada principalmente pela aus?ncia quase total de tecido adiposo. Os pacientes afetados apresentam resist?ncia a insulina, dislipidemia e hipertens?o arterial. Estudos t?m evidenciado que estas altera??es metab?licas interferem na modula??o auton?mica para o n? sinusal. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a modula??o auton?mica em pacientes portadores de LGC, atrav?s da variabilidade de freq??ncia card?aca (VFC), pelo m?todo linear de dom?nio de tempo na Eletrocardiografia Din?mica de 24 horas e estabelecer um crit?rio relativamente simples, n?o invasivo, para diagn?stico de disfun??o auton?mica nestes pacientes. Participou voluntariamente deste estudo transversal, um grupo de pacientes portadores de LGC (n=18) na faixa et?ria de 9,3 a 39,8 anos (21,3 ? 8,3) cuja variabilidade de freq??ncia card?aca foi comparada com um grupo de pacientes controles (n=19) com idade de 9,3 a 39,1 anos (21,4 ? 7,8). Todos os volunt?rios foram submetidos ? avalia??o cl?nica, laboratorial, antropom?trica e an?lise de VFC no dom?nio de tempo atrav?s de eletrocardiografia din?mica de 24 horas. Para an?lise dos dados relativos aos ?ndices temporais de VFC foram utilizados o MeanRR, SSDN e rMSSD. Pacientes com LGC apresentavam aumento da press?o arterial comparados com indiv?duos do grupo controle (sist?lica, 131,1 vs 106,3 mmHg, p<0,05); diast?lica, 85,0 vs 68,2 mmHg, p<0,05) e 10 tinham crit?rios para diagn?stico de Hipertens?o Arterial e Hipertrofia do Ventr?culo Esquerdo. Os n?veis de glicose, triglicer?deos, colesterol e HOMA-R eram elevados e 12 pacientes tinham crit?rios para diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Comparado com os controles, pacientes com LGC tinham diminui??o dos ?ndices MeanRR (639,8 vs 780,5 ms, p<0,001), SDNN (79,2 vs 168,5 ms, p<0,001), e rMSSD (15,8 vs 59,6 ms, p<0,001). Em pacientes com LGC, a redu??o da VFC foi independente de dist?rbios metab?licos e hemodin?micos. Os resultados de nosso experimento indicam que pacientes com LGC apresentavam modula??o auton?mica anormal caracterizada pelo aumento da freq??ncia card?aca e pronunciada redu??o da VFC, independente de dist?rbios metab?licos e hemodin?micos observados nesta s?ndrome. O car?ter multidisciplinar desse estudo fica contemplado pela intera??o de profissionais de diversas ?reas como: cardiologia, endocrinologia, metabolismo, neurologia, nutri??o, etc

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-14T21:32:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DaviHenriqueDosSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 3943405 bytes, checksum: 5c8c6264a12d6d09afccf8adb3614371 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-15T22:17:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DaviHenriqueDosSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 3943405 bytes, checksum: 5c8c6264a12d6d09afccf8adb3614371 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-15T22:17:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DaviHenriqueDosSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 3943405 bytes, checksum: 5c8c6264a12d6d09afccf8adb3614371 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-13 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / As pesquisas relacionadas ? automa??o de veleiros rob?ticos cresceram rapidamente nos ?ltimos 15 anos. Os principais desafios enfrentados nos projetos de veleiros aut?nomos s?o o controle, planejamento de caminho e trajet?ria, coleta de dados dos sensores e o suprimento energ?tico. Desta forma, o presente trabalho realiza um estudo sobre problemas de controle e planejamento de caminho comumente encontrados durante o projeto de veleiros aut?nomos. Os m?todos aqui desenvolvidos ser?o aplicados nos veleiros utilizados no projeto N-Boat, permitindo aos mesmos alcan?ar os pontos alvos, realizando a dif?cil tarefa de velejar contra o vento caso necess?rio. Para alcan?ar estes objetivos, primeiramente um m?todo para encontrar o controlador de baixo n?vel mais adequado ? aplica??o desejada foi desenvolvido. O m?todo utiliza um controlador PI com par?metros vari?veis, encontrando uma tabela que cont?m os melhores par?metros proporcional e integrativo adequados a cada situa??o, de acordo com o modelo utilizado. Um m?todo para a gera??o de caminho em situa??es de contravento foi modelado, implementado e testado em simula??o. Para gerar os pontos do caminho, o m?todo utiliza dois par?metros: a dist?ncia dispon?vel e a orienta??o desejada para o veleiro durante a manobra. Em seguida, um m?todo de otimiza??o foi implementado e testado em simula??o. O m?todo utiliza algoritmos gen?ticos para manipular os par?metros do m?todo de gera??o de caminhos, encontrando quais par?metros geram o trajeto de menor tempo ao destino. O trabalho apresenta diversos testes em simula??o para demonstrar a validade e robustez dos m?todos desenvolvidos. / The main challenges in the development of autonomous sailboats are: control, path and trajectory planning, sensor data acquitision, and power supply. Towards this direction, this paper introduces a study on the problems of control and path planning commonly found during the autonomous sailing projects. The methods developed here are to be applied in the sailboats used in the N-Boat project, allowing them to reach targets points accurately and quickly, and to perform one of the must difficult tasks in sailing that is navigating against the wind. To achieve these goals, at first, a method to find the most appropriate low level controller for the desired application is developed. This method uses a dynamic PI controller, coming up with a table that contains the best proportional and integrative parameters that are appropriate to each situation according to the model used. A method for generation of paths in situations contrary to wind is also modeled, implemented and tested (in simulation). To generate the way points, this method takes into account two parameters: the distance available for the maneuvering and the desired orientation of the boat during the maneuver. An optimization method is proposed, based on genethic algorithm, implemented, and also tested (in simulation) for getting the controller best parameters. The method manipulate some defined parameters for generating paths, finding the ones that generate the path in which the boat achieves the minimum time to destination. Results of various simulation experiments are shown to demonstrate the validity and robustness of the methods developed.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-10-17T23:47:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 YuriSarmentoSilveira_DISSERT.pdf: 7722507 bytes, checksum: 6d1444bedd713386875e463932606d82 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-10-18T00:00:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 YuriSarmentoSilveira_DISSERT.pdf: 7722507 bytes, checksum: 6d1444bedd713386875e463932606d82 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-18T00:00:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 YuriSarmentoSilveira_DISSERT.pdf: 7722507 bytes, checksum: 6d1444bedd713386875e463932606d82 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-16 / O processo de planejamento de caminho ? um problema bastante estudado na rob?tica. A capacidade de analisar o ambiente e definir a sequ?ncia de a??es que levam um rob? de uma localiza??o inicial at? uma localiza??o final desejada, sem colidir com os obst?culos presentes no ambiente, ? uma habilidade fundamental requerida para a cria??o de sistemas rob?ticos aut?nomos que possam executar diversas fun??es. Nesta disserta??o, apresenta-se um estudo sucinto do estado da arte na ?rea de planejamento de caminhos para sistemas rob?ticos aut?nomos, de forma a contextualizar o tema abordado neste trabalho. Cada m?todo de planejamento possui sua pr?pria estrat?gia de explora??o do ambiente e planejamento do caminho. Nesta disserta??o ? proposto um novo m?todo de planejamento de caminho para rob?s. No m?todo proposto, o espa?o livre do ambiente ? coberto de forma aproximada por um conjunto denominado Espuma Aleat?ria, a qual ? composta por subconjuntos convexos superpostos denominados Bolhas. A partir da localiza??o inicial, novas bolhas s?o criadas aleatoriamente na superf?cie da espuma, que se propaga pelo espa?o livre, com comportamento semelhante ? propaga??o de frentes de onda, gerando uma ?rvore de busca, at? atingir a localiza??o final. Desta forma, ? poss?vel encontrar uma sequ?ncia de bolhas concatenadas, denominada Ros?rio, que conecta a localiza??o final ? inicial. Um caminho v?lido pode ser facilmente obtido dentro do espa?o de manobra definido pelo ros?rio. O processo de busca no m?todo proposto ? determinado por apenas dois par?metros. Crit?rios para a sua sintonia s?o estudados e apresentados neste trabalho. De forma a validar o m?todo proposto, o seu desempenho foi avaliado atrav?s de simula??es computacionais para diferentes estudos de caso. / Path planning is a well studied problem in robotics. The capability of analyzing the environment and defining a sequence of actions that leads a robot from an initial location to a final desired location, without colliding with obstacles, is a fundamental ability when creating autonomous robotic systems that can perform various functions. In order to contextualize the theme addressed in this work, a succinct study of the state-of-the-art on path planning for autonomous robotic systems is presented. Each planning method has its own strategy to explore the ambient and plan the path. In this dissertation, a new robot path planning method is proposed. In the proposed method, the ambient free space is partially covered by a set called Random Foam, composed of the union of overlapping convex subsets called Bubbles. Starting from the initial robot localization, new bubbles are randomly created on the surface of the foam, that propagates through the free space, with a behavior similar to a wave front propagation, generating a search tree that grows until reaching the desired final robot localization. In this way, it is possible to find a sequence of concatenated bubbles, called Rosary, connecting the desired final localization to the initial localization of the robot. A valid path contained in the maneuvering space defined by the rosary can be easily found. In the proposed method, the search process is guided by only two parameters. Tuning criteria for these parameters are studied and presented in this work. In order to validate the proposed path planning method, its performance was evaluated through computer simulations of different case studies.

My diploma work deals with the ethical approach of workers who come into contact with the clients committed criminal offences. The work focus on ethical issues of the social workers who are in contact with the clients with social pathology, perpetrators, involuntary clients and with persons suffering from asocial behaviour. The ethical approaches are connected with various ethical paradoxes, problems and they are a part of ethical dilemma. These facts arise in ethical attitudes in connection with client and simultaneously in situation of burn-out syndrome. The target of this work is to focus on ethical issues and on the problems which are connected with the duties of the social workers. The main target of my diploma work was to find out ethical errors of workers in social services in access to the client and find out the range of burn-out syndrome by social workers. The aim of my research has been achieved. The method of quantitative analytic research was applied. The questionnaire survey and its assessment was used. It is the quantitative research. As respondents were chosen members of the Prison Service of the Czech Republic and workers of the Educational institution for Children and Youth and the Educational Centre for Children and Youth in Šindlovy Dvory. The second file of respondents was comprised by members of the Probation and Mediation Service of the Czech Republic.

Le droit international classique volontaire basé sur la notion absolue de la souveraineté étatique est remis en cause par l’émergence des règles impératives (jus cogens). A cet égard, la cristallisation des droits humains impératifs est le résultat du processus d’humanisation du droit international moderne où les règles impératives des droits humains de rangs supérieurs se situent au sommet. On peut estimer que l’acceptation des droits humains impératifs créée des obligations erga omnes de protection pour les États membres de la communauté internationale. Dans ce cadre, dans le cas de violations des droits humains impératifs, tous les États sont directement affectés, touchés et lésés par les violations en question et ont le droit d’agir. A cet effet, il nous semble que tous les États peuvent adopter des contre-mesures individuelles à l’encontre de l’État fautif, violateur des droits humains impératifs. Dans le cas de violations des droits humains impératifs, il nous paraît aussi que, sous certaines conditions, les États peuvent recourir à une intervention militaire à but humanitaire, même sans l’avis favorable du Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies. Aussi, selon certaines conditions, les États peuvent fournir une aide humanitaire aux victimes des violations des droits humains impératifs survenues à l’extérieur de leur territoire, même sans le consentement de l’État territorial. Les États sont aussi tenus de réprimer les crimes de jus cogens commis à l’extérieur de leur territoire. Dans ce contexte, il nous semble que les États en appliquant la règle aut dedere aut judicare, peuvent poursuivre les étrangers suspectés d’avoir commis des crimes de jus cogens. Dans ce cadre, les États doivent appliquer la règle aut dedere aut judicare en respectant l’obligation de non refoulement afin de prévenir les violations des droits humains impératifs à l’étranger. Il nous paraît aussi que les États en appliquant la règle aut dedere aut judicare, doivent prévoir la compétence universelle des juridictions internes. A cet égard, les États peuvent exercer la compétence universelle à l’encontre des crimes de jus cogens commis à l’étranger par l’étranger et sur l’étranger. Dans ce cadre, il nous semble que les États peuvent exercer la compétence universelle absolue. A cet effet, un État peut déclencher une poursuite pénale à l’encontre de l’étranger suspecté d’avoir commis des crimes de jus cogens, même si ce dernier n’est pas présent et/ou en détention sur le territoire de l’État du for. Il nous semble aussi que, l’immunité des hauts représentants d’État, ainsi que les lois d’amnistie étrangères, ne peuvent pas empêcher l’État du for d’exercer la compétence universelle afin de protéger les intérêts généraux de la communauté internationale dans son ensemble. / Traditional international law based on absolute notion of state sovereignty, is challenged by theemergence of peremptory norms Çus cogens). In this respect, the crystallization of peremptory humanrights norms is the result of the process of humanization of modern international law where theperemptory human rights norms of superior ranks place at the summit. We could believe that theacceptance of peremptory human rights norms creates erga omnes obligations of protection for States,members of the international community. In this context, in the case of violations of peremptoryhuman rights norms, all States are directly affected and injured by the violations in question and have the right to react. To this end, we believe that all States can adopt individual countermeasures against the wrongdoer state, violator of peremptory human rights norms. In the case of violations ofperemptory human rights norms, under certain conditions, States may resort to military interventionfor humanitarian purposes, even without the autholization of the United Nations Security Council.Also, under certain conditions, States can provide humanitarian aid to victims of violations ofperemptory human rights norms occurred outside their territory, even without the consent of theterritorial state. States are also required to suppress jus cogens crimes committed outside their territory. In this context, we believe that States can apply the principle of aut dedere aut judicare and prosecute aliens suspected of jus cogens crimes. In this context, States that apply the principle of aut dedere aut judicare, must respect the obligation of non-refoulement to prevent violations of peremptory human rights norms abroad. It seems to us that States that apply the principle of aut dedere aut judicare must also apply the principle of universal jurisdiction before their internal courts. In this regard, States can exercise universal jurisdiction againsl jus cogens crimes committed abroad, by foreigners and against foreigners. In this context, we believe that States may exercise the absolute universal jurisdiction. To this end, a State may initiate criminal proceedings against alien suspected of jus cogens crimes, even if helshe is not present and/or in custody in the territory ofthe forum State. It also seems to us that the immunity of senior state representatives and foreign amnesty laws, cannot prevent the forum State to exercise universal jurisdiction in order to protect the general interests of the international community as a whole.

Ph.D. Thesis ABSTRACT Mgr. Veronika Kristková, LL.M., 2013 Position of victims of human rights violations in international law with focus on victims of serious violations of human rights and international humantiarian law This work focuses within the broad theme of " Position of the victims of the human rights violations in international law" on victims of serious human rights violations and serious violations of international humanitarian law (hereinafter only serious violations). The author decided to focus on the victims of serious violations because the research revealed that while the rights of victims of human rights violations are in general relatively settled in theory as well in practice of international law, the rights of the victims of serious violations is an area, which raises several doctrinal questions, encountered rapid development in recent years and continues to develop. Analysis of the rights of the victims of serious violations necessary must be based on the rights of the victims of human rights violations in general, which serves as a baseline for the analysis of the rights of the victims of serious violations. Only in comparison with the general rights of the victims of human rights violations the specificities of the rights of the victims of serious violations stand up. First the work...