Esta tese apresenta a nova classificação do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA), segundo Grananã, (2014), a partir da atualização do DSM - V, (Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition - Manual Estatístico e Diagnóstico de Transtornos Mentais - quinta edição). Resgatou-se historicamente a Formação de Professores e a Comunicação Alternativa, articuladas com a tecnologia assistiva no âmbito das Políticas Públicas da Educação. Tem como principais objetivos: propor e investigar uma formação de professores com recursos tecnológicos em Comunicação Alternativa, para auxiliar o professor em sua práxis docente nas salas de recursos multifuncionais – SRM de estudantes com TEA na rede municipal de ensino de São Luís – Maranhão. A pesquisa realizou-se sob a perspectiva sócio-histórica com observações, visitas em 05 (cinco) escolas e entrevistas com docentes - partícipes, aplicação de questionários, (antes, durante e depois) da formação presencial “Tech Educ Especial”, implementada em 03 (três) processos formativos, (presencial, móvel itinerante, e de consulta). A metodologia desenvolvida enquanto estudo de caso, foi a DCC, Desenvolvimento Centrado nos Contextos de uso do software e suas correlações, e base teórica relevante e multidisciplinar conforme o encontrado nos contextos escolares maranhenses e a partir da questão de pesquisa: De que maneira uma formação de professores com a utilização do Sistema de Comunicação Alternativa contribui para a práxis docente nas salas de recursos multifuncionais dos alunos com TEA – Transtorno do Espectro Autista ? Trinta (30) professores responderam os questionários aplicados, dos quais 03 (três) deles tornaram-se multcasos, pois fazem Atendimento Educacional Especializado - AEE com práticas de comunicação alternativa. Constatou-se modificações favoráveis ao desenvolvimento discente e na postura docente durante o planejamento de atividades pedagógicas, e na ação pedagógica, bem como no interesse de estudos afins, e na história sociocultural do contexto em que o professor de AEE está inserido, o que se elenca como principais contribuições da pesquisa. / This thesis presents the new classification of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (TEA), according to Grananã, (2014), from the DSM - V update (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition - Statistical Manual and Diagnosis of Mental Disorders - fifth edition). Historically, Teacher Training and Alternative Communication have been rescued, articulated with the assistive technology in the scope of Public Policies of Education. Its main object ives are: to propose and investigate a training of teachers with technological resources in Alternative Communication, to assist the teacher in his praxis teaching in the multifunctional resource rooms - SRM of students with ASD in the municipal network of education of São Luís - Maranhão. The research was carried out under a socio-historical perspective with observations, visits in 05 (five) schools and interviews with teachers -participants, questionnaires (before, during and after) of the "Tech Educ Especial" classroom training implemented in 03 (three) training processes, (face-to-face, roving, and consultation). The methodology developed as a case study was the DCC, Context-Centered Development of software use and its correlations, and a relevant theoretical and multidisciplinary basis as found in the school contexts of Maranhão and from the research question: In what way a formation Of teachers with the use of the Alternative Communication System contributes to the teaching praxis in the multifunctional resource rooms of students with ASD - Autism Spectrum Disorder? Thirty (30) teachers answered the questionnaires applied, of which 03 (three) of them became mulcasos, because they make Specialized Educational Assistance (AEE) with alternative communication practices. It was observed favorable modifications to the student development and in the teaching position during the planning of pedagogic activities, and in the pedagogical action, as well as in the interest of related studies, and in the sociocultural history of the context in which the ESA teacher is inserted, which as the main contributions of the research.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:38:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaHOD_DISSERT.pdf: 873654 bytes, checksum: cf254e02723c86333cb5282f97151990 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-27 / This study investigates the applicability of the Rorschach Method for evaluating the personality of people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).The relevance of this study is justified by the limited number of investigations published in the research literature concerning the use of psychological tests used for evaluating the personality of individuals with ASD. The Rorschach Method was chosen as an appropriate instrument considering it reveals the personality s basic structure, including characteristics of the affectivity, sensuality, inner life, mental resources, psychic energy and general characteristics and intellectual state of the individual. The general objective of this investigation consisted of verifying the applicability of the use the Rorschach Method in the evaluation of the characteristics of people's personality with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).The study also sought to identify perceptive factors of the personality structure of individuals with ASD, provide contributions of the understanding of this syndrome, seeking the establishment of possible therapeutic interventions starting from diagnostic by Rorschach Method. In addition, this investigation aims at verifying the adequacy of using the Rorschach Method as an instrument for evaluating the personality characteristics of individuals with ASD and its possible use in Brazil, starting from preliminary normative results. Participants consisted of 44 youngsters and adults, both genders with age range 14 - 39 years-old (average: 23.5 years-old) distributed in 2 groups. Group 1: composed with 22 youngsters and adults with clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (communication impairments, social interaction deficits, restricted and repetitive interests and activities); Group 2: composed with 22 youngsters and adults with typical behavior. The participants were paired to gender and age, individually. The Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests were applied to evaluate statistical differences between the groups, considering demographic and social data. The results indicate the presence of restricted interest or difficulty in the expression of the social and affective interaction of people with ASD. However, the need of broader normative studies concerning the use of personality evaluation instruments for people with ASD is warranted. These investigations could help understand the psychic dynamism of this population, offering subsidies that can be added to the current techniques of diagnosis. The Rorschach Method is susceptible to application but it is necessary to respect the individual limitations of these people and to establish more criterions about the spectrum / O presente trabalho investiga a aplicabilidade do Rorschach na avalia??o de caracter?sticas de personalidade de sujeitos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). A relev?ncia do estudo deve-se ? necessidade do desenvolvimento de pesquisas na ?rea de avalia??o psicol?gica de sujeitos com TEA, mediante a utiliza??o de instrumentos apropriados para tal finalidade. A escolha pelo M?todo de Rorschach ampara-se em ser uma t?cnica que revela a organiza??o b?sica da estrutura da personalidade, incluindo caracter?sticas da afetividade, sensualidade, vida interior, recursos mentais, energia ps?quica e tra?os gerais e particulares do estado intelectual do sujeito. Os objetivos espec?ficos buscaram identificar os fatores perceptivos da estrutura de personalidade de sujeitos com TEA; contribuir para o entendimento de tal s?ndrome, visando o estabelecimento de poss?veis interven??es terap?uticas a partir do Psicodiagn?stico do Rorschach e, verificar a adequa??o do referido m?todo como instrumento de avalia??o de caracter?sticas de personalidade de sujeitos com TEA e poss?veis uso no Brasil, a partir de resultados normativos preliminares. Os participantes foram pareados individualmente por sexo e idade totalizando 44 adolescentes, jovens e adultos de ambos os sexos, na faixa et?ria de 14 a 39 anos (m?dia: 23,5 anos) distribu?dos em 2 grupos. Grupo 1 composto por 22 adolescentes,jovens e adultos com diagn?stico cl?nico do espectro autista (dificuldades na comunica??o, intera??o social, atividades e interesses restritos e repetitivos); Grupo 2 constitu?do de 22 adolescentes, jovens e adultos com comportamento t?pico e escolaridade compat?vel ao primeiro grupo. As an?lises foram obtidas por meio dos testes estat?sticos Mann-Whitney e Wilcoxon para verifica??o das poss?veis diferen?as, considerando vari?veis sociodemogr?ficas. Os resultados apontam para um interesse restrito ou mesmo dificuldade na express?o da intera??o s?cio-afetivas dos sujeitos com TEA. Ressalta-se, por?m, a necessidade de estudos acerca da avalia??o de caracter?sticas de personalidade de sujeitos com TEA visando uma melhor compreens?o do dinamismo ps?quico desses de modo a fornecer subs?dios que possam somar-se as t?cnicas diagn?sticas j? existentes, sendo o M?todo de Rorschach uma possibilidade de caracteriza??o de express?o da personalidade

This thesis deals with the issue of the autistic spectrum disorders. The main goal is to find out if it's possible to integrate the autistic children into the society. Another task is to find those educational and formative methods which can positively influence the integration. This thesis focuses on different aspects of this disorder as well such as diagnostic, personal and work assertion of these handicapped people in the maturity.

Estudos voltados para as alterações da linguagem, em indivíduos com quadros autísticos, têm demonstrado que a alteração central está no uso funcional da linguagem. Dessa forma, as teorias pragmáticas parecem apresentar os melhores subsídios para a identificação das alterações da linguagem, bem como possibilitam a elaboração de propostas de intervenção, permitindo a compreensão mais aprofundada dos aspectos alterados. Essa perspectiva prioriza os aspectos lingüísticos e não lingüísticos, o contexto em que o interlocutor está inserido e o uso funcional da linguagem, favorecendo a correlação entre linguagem e o desenvolvimento cognitivo e social, ou seja, a competência comunicativa. A determinação de contextos e estratégias terapêuticas mais eficientes para o atendimento de crianças com transtornos do espectro autístico ainda representa uma importante lacuna da literatura internacional. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar e comparar a interferência do contexto ambiental, no desempenho funcional da comunicação, em dois ambientes diferentes de terapia de linguagem: uma sala comum de terapia e outra com ambientação específica, denominada \"sala NIC\", no recorte do processo terapêutico fonoaudiológico. Participaram desta pesquisa 10 crianças e adolescentes com diagnóstico incluído nos Transtornos do Espectro Autístico, 6 do sexo masculino e 4 do sexo feminino, com idades variando entre 4 a 13 anos de idade. Na coleta de dados, foi utilizada filmadora, para gravar as sessões de terapia de linguagem individual, durante 30 minutos, e os protocolos de pragmática e do desempenho sócio-cognitivo para análise dos dados. As sessões de gravações foram realizadas num período de um mês de terapia de linguagem, totalizando 8 momentos de gravações. Cada sujeito foi filmado quatro vezes, na sala comum, e quatro vezes, na sala NIC, intercaladamente. Os resultados mostram que não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa, quanto ao perfil funcional da comunicação e os aspectos sócio-cognitivos, nos 10 sujeitos estudados tanto na sala comum como na sala NIC. Contudo, é possível identificar um número maior de correlações estatisticamente significativas, na sala NIC, quanto ao desempenho sóciocognitivo, sugerindo que o contexto ambiental dessa sala interfere positivamente nesse aspecto. Os dados obtidos permitem constatar também semelhanças e diferenças entre os sujeitos, confirmando a existência de grandes variações individuais, característica desta população. Assim, pode-se concluir que o contexto ambiental não interfere significativamente no desempenho funcional da comunicação de indivíduos do espectro autístico, ainda que se possa hipotetizar que a diferença no desempenho estaria relacionada ao interlocutor e às variações individuais. A partir da presente pesquisa, fica evidente a necessidade de novos estudos, na área, a fim de que se possa estabelecer quais são as diferentes variáveis que interferem ignificativamente, no contexto comunicativo de crianças com Transtornos do Espectro Autístico / Studies about language disorders, in individuals with autistic manifestations, have shown that the central alteration is in the language functional use. In that way, the pragmatic theories seem to present the best subsidies for the identification of language alterations, as well as they facilitate the elaboration of intervention proposals, allowing the comprehensive understanding of the impaired aspects. That perspective prioritizes the linguistic and non-linguistic aspects, the context in that the speaker is inserted and the language functional use, favoring the correlation between language and the cognitive and social development, the communicative competence. The determination of more efficient contexts and therapeutic strategies of language therapy with children with disorders of the autistic spectrum still represent an important gap of the international literature. The present research has as objective to analyze and to compare the interference of the environmental context, in the functional communication performance, in two different language therapy environments: a common therapy room and another room with specific material and furniture (denominated \"NIC\") on the speech therapy process pattern. Ten children and adolescents with diagnosis included in the autistic spectrum participated in this research, six of male and four of feminine gender, with ages varying between 4 and 13 years of age. In the data collection, we used a video camera, to record 30 minutes of the individual language therapy sessions, the pragmatic protocols and the social-cognitive acting for the data analysis. The recording sessions were accomplished in a month period, 8 recordings moments. Each subject was recorded four times, in the common room, and four times, in NIC, interspersed. The results show that there was not a significant statistical difference between the functional communication profile and the socialcognitive aspects, in the 10 subjects studied either in the common room or in NIC. However, it is possible to identify a larger number of significant statistical correlations, in NIC, related to the social-cognitive performance, suggesting that the environmental context of that room interferes positively in that aspect. The obtained data allow us to verify also similarities and differences among the subjects, confirming the existence of great individual variations, a characteristic of this population. Thus, it can be concluded that the environmental context doesn\'t interferes significantly in the functional communication performance of the individuals with disorders of the autistic spectrum, although we can propose the hypothesis that the difference in the performance would be related to the speaker and to the individual variations. From this research, it is evident the need of new studies in the area. So that we can determine which are the different variables that interfere significantly, on communicative context of children with disorders of the autistic spectrum.

Estudos voltados para as alterações da linguagem, em indivíduos com quadros autísticos, têm demonstrado que a alteração central está no uso funcional da linguagem. Dessa forma, as teorias pragmáticas parecem apresentar os melhores subsídios para a identificação das alterações da linguagem, bem como possibilitam a elaboração de propostas de intervenção, permitindo a compreensão mais aprofundada dos aspectos alterados. Essa perspectiva prioriza os aspectos lingüísticos e não lingüísticos, o contexto em que o interlocutor está inserido e o uso funcional da linguagem, favorecendo a correlação entre linguagem e o desenvolvimento cognitivo e social, ou seja, a competência comunicativa. A determinação de contextos e estratégias terapêuticas mais eficientes para o atendimento de crianças com transtornos do espectro autístico ainda representa uma importante lacuna da literatura internacional. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar e comparar a interferência do contexto ambiental, no desempenho funcional da comunicação, em dois ambientes diferentes de terapia de linguagem: uma sala comum de terapia e outra com ambientação específica, denominada \"sala NIC\", no recorte do processo terapêutico fonoaudiológico. Participaram desta pesquisa 10 crianças e adolescentes com diagnóstico incluído nos Transtornos do Espectro Autístico, 6 do sexo masculino e 4 do sexo feminino, com idades variando entre 4 a 13 anos de idade. Na coleta de dados, foi utilizada filmadora, para gravar as sessões de terapia de linguagem individual, durante 30 minutos, e os protocolos de pragmática e do desempenho sócio-cognitivo para análise dos dados. As sessões de gravações foram realizadas num período de um mês de terapia de linguagem, totalizando 8 momentos de gravações. Cada sujeito foi filmado quatro vezes, na sala comum, e quatro vezes, na sala NIC, intercaladamente. Os resultados mostram que não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa, quanto ao perfil funcional da comunicação e os aspectos sócio-cognitivos, nos 10 sujeitos estudados tanto na sala comum como na sala NIC. Contudo, é possível identificar um número maior de correlações estatisticamente significativas, na sala NIC, quanto ao desempenho sóciocognitivo, sugerindo que o contexto ambiental dessa sala interfere positivamente nesse aspecto. Os dados obtidos permitem constatar também semelhanças e diferenças entre os sujeitos, confirmando a existência de grandes variações individuais, característica desta população. Assim, pode-se concluir que o contexto ambiental não interfere significativamente no desempenho funcional da comunicação de indivíduos do espectro autístico, ainda que se possa hipotetizar que a diferença no desempenho estaria relacionada ao interlocutor e às variações individuais. A partir da presente pesquisa, fica evidente a necessidade de novos estudos, na área, a fim de que se possa estabelecer quais são as diferentes variáveis que interferem ignificativamente, no contexto comunicativo de crianças com Transtornos do Espectro Autístico / Studies about language disorders, in individuals with autistic manifestations, have shown that the central alteration is in the language functional use. In that way, the pragmatic theories seem to present the best subsidies for the identification of language alterations, as well as they facilitate the elaboration of intervention proposals, allowing the comprehensive understanding of the impaired aspects. That perspective prioritizes the linguistic and non-linguistic aspects, the context in that the speaker is inserted and the language functional use, favoring the correlation between language and the cognitive and social development, the communicative competence. The determination of more efficient contexts and therapeutic strategies of language therapy with children with disorders of the autistic spectrum still represent an important gap of the international literature. The present research has as objective to analyze and to compare the interference of the environmental context, in the functional communication performance, in two different language therapy environments: a common therapy room and another room with specific material and furniture (denominated \"NIC\") on the speech therapy process pattern. Ten children and adolescents with diagnosis included in the autistic spectrum participated in this research, six of male and four of feminine gender, with ages varying between 4 and 13 years of age. In the data collection, we used a video camera, to record 30 minutes of the individual language therapy sessions, the pragmatic protocols and the social-cognitive acting for the data analysis. The recording sessions were accomplished in a month period, 8 recordings moments. Each subject was recorded four times, in the common room, and four times, in NIC, interspersed. The results show that there was not a significant statistical difference between the functional communication profile and the socialcognitive aspects, in the 10 subjects studied either in the common room or in NIC. However, it is possible to identify a larger number of significant statistical correlations, in NIC, related to the social-cognitive performance, suggesting that the environmental context of that room interferes positively in that aspect. The obtained data allow us to verify also similarities and differences among the subjects, confirming the existence of great individual variations, a characteristic of this population. Thus, it can be concluded that the environmental context doesn\'t interferes significantly in the functional communication performance of the individuals with disorders of the autistic spectrum, although we can propose the hypothesis that the difference in the performance would be related to the speaker and to the individual variations. From this research, it is evident the need of new studies in the area. So that we can determine which are the different variables that interfere significantly, on communicative context of children with disorders of the autistic spectrum.

Abstract The primary focus of this research project was an evaluation of the Group Stepping Stones Triple P parenting program for parents of a child with a disability. In addition there was an investigation into the similarities and differences in child behaviour and parenting experience, and program outcomes, for families of children with different developmental disabilities. While the Triple P Positive Parenting Program has an impressive evidence base (Sanders, 1999; Sanders, Markie-Dadds, Tully & Bor, 2000) and research indicates that the standard Stepping Stones Triple P Program is efficacious for different disability groups (Roberts, Mazzucchelli, Studman & Sanders, 2006) and for parents of children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (Whittingham, Sofronoff, Sheffield & Sanders, 2009), to date the group version of Stepping Stones Triple P has not been comprehensively evaluated, nor the efficacy of the program evaluated when administered concurrently to parents of children with different developmental disabilities. Currently, there is a lack of participant-friendly, evidence-based group parenting programs that can be utilised in a cost-effective manner with all parents of children with disabilities. Many interventions have been designed specifically to cater to the requirements of a particular disability group. While there is some divergence in disability characteristics and in the experience of families of children with different disabilities, there is compelling evidence that many of the most challenging experiences faced by parents of disabled children (such as emotional and behavioural disturbance and delays in skill development) are shared by many disability populations (Raina et al., 2005; Bourke et al., 2008). Consequently there is empirical support for the implementation of a broad, skill-based parenting program for all parents of children with disabilities. The first study in this research project was a randomised controlled trial the Group Stepping Stones Triple P program for parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), Down syndrome, other intellectual disabilities and Cerebral Palsy. Fifty-two families were included in this trial and were randomly allocated to treatment and wait-list control groups. The results demonstrate significant improvements in child behaviour and parenting difficulties that were maintained at follow-up six months later. For over a third of participants the change in child behaviour and parenting styles was clinically reliable (Jacobsen & Truax, 1991; Evans, Margison & Barkham, 1998). In addition, the majority of parents reported the attainment of their program goals following the intervention. The second study was a comparison of program outcomes for parents from different disability groups. The sample was divided into two groups; parents of children with ASD and parents of children with intellectual and physical disabilities. The results demonstrated significant improvements in child behaviour and parenting difficulties from pre- to post-intervention for both the ASD group and the Intellectual and Physical disability group. For a third of parents in the ASD group and over a third of parents in the Intellectual and Physical disability group, the changes were clinically reliable (Jacobsen & Truax, 1991; Evans et al., 1998). In addition, the means for both groups on the child behaviour, parenting style and parental psychological functioning variables were compared. The results indicated that there were some differences in child behaviour, parenting styles and parent distress between the two groups, and in the program goals set by parents. However, overall the results revealed no systematic differences in treatment outcomes across disability groups, demonstrating that the program was effective for families of children with ASD and families of children with Intellectual and Physical disabilities. Finally, a series of three case evaluations were conducted to examine program outcomes and differences in child behaviour and parenting experiences for the families of a child with ASD, Down syndrome and Cerebral palsy. The results of the case studies revealed significant improvements in child behaviour and parenting styles for all three families, along with high levels of program satisfaction and successful attainment of parenting goals. For all three families these changes in child behaviour and parenting style were clinically reliable (Jacobsen & Truax, 1991; Evans et al., 1998) and maintained at six-month follow up. The results also provided information about the similarities and differences in parenting experiences, child behaviour and program goals across the three disabilities. Overall, this research project has demonstrated that the Group Stepping Stones Triple P program is an effective parenting intervention for challenging behaviour and dysfunctional parenting in families of children with a range of developmental disabilities. The results of this research provide evidence to suggest that mixed disability group format used in the administration of the Group Stepping Stones Triple P program did not preclude positive program outcomes. Finally, the results of this research project indicate that there are many shared parenting experiencing across families of children with different disabilities and that regardless of observed differences in disability characteristics and family experiences, the Group Stepping Stones Triple P program is sufficiently flexible and comprehensive in its scope to meet the needs of families from different disability populations.

Play is an important contributor to children’s development: it reflects, reinforces, and results in development (Johnson, Christie, Wardle, 2005). However, the tools available to support planning and measurement of play are not sufficiently detailed or focused on children with autism and severe learning difficulties (SLD). Play for children with autism is consistently identified as restrictive and repetitive. Although extensive research examines symbolic play, the content and structure of functional play, which is considered a valuable precursor of symbolic play, is rarely the subject of focused research (Williams, 2003; Lifter, Foster-Sanda, Arzamarski, Briesch, & McClure, 2011). Given the developmental potential that play presents, the aim of this study was to examine the functional play presented by children with autism and SLD, with a view to designing a play framework that enables teachers to support functional play development in the classroom. A pragmatic mixed methods approach was adopted across a three-stage study in three schools. Study 1 provides the background for creating a functional play framework, while Study 2 focuses on the creation of the framework through objective observations of the play activity of a total of 27 children with autism and SLD, as well as interviews with nine classroom teachers. Study 3 was a process of trialling the framework in two schools and collaborating with eight teachers to finalise the functional play framework, in particular by considering its usability. Data collected across the three studies provided a description of functional play that suggests it is more complex than traditionally defined. Four key areas of functional play were identified: interacting with one object; interacting with two (or more) objects; interacting with self; and interacting with the environment. Additionally, 12 subcategories were established as components related to functional play. Teachers reported that they could use the framework to baseline play, set targets and measure play progression for children with autism and SLD. The framework was also identified as a tool that supports classroom management and continuing professional development. The proposed framework facilitates the identification of small increments of progress and extends on other available play frameworks. By developing detailed descriptions of the play that children with autism and SLD present, the framework provides a greater ability to identify precise deficits and, more specifically, to target support in the area of play. Additionally, the collaborative approach with classroom teachers provides diverse viewpoints but also begins to merge the gap between researchers and practitioners in order to ensure a useful resource. Recommendations for further descriptive accounts, greater involvement of classroom professionals in the development of resources and additional trials of the framework are acknowledged.

Esta tese apresenta a nova classificação do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA), segundo Grananã, (2014), a partir da atualização do DSM - V, (Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition - Manual Estatístico e Diagnóstico de Transtornos Mentais - quinta edição). Resgatou-se historicamente a Formação de Professores e a Comunicação Alternativa, articuladas com a tecnologia assistiva no âmbito das Políticas Públicas da Educação. Tem como principais objetivos: propor e investigar uma formação de professores com recursos tecnológicos em Comunicação Alternativa, para auxiliar o professor em sua práxis docente nas salas de recursos multifuncionais – SRM de estudantes com TEA na rede municipal de ensino de São Luís – Maranhão. A pesquisa realizou-se sob a perspectiva sócio-histórica com observações, visitas em 05 (cinco) escolas e entrevistas com docentes - partícipes, aplicação de questionários, (antes, durante e depois) da formação presencial “Tech Educ Especial”, implementada em 03 (três) processos formativos, (presencial, móvel itinerante, e de consulta). A metodologia desenvolvida enquanto estudo de caso, foi a DCC, Desenvolvimento Centrado nos Contextos de uso do software e suas correlações, e base teórica relevante e multidisciplinar conforme o encontrado nos contextos escolares maranhenses e a partir da questão de pesquisa: De que maneira uma formação de professores com a utilização do Sistema de Comunicação Alternativa contribui para a práxis docente nas salas de recursos multifuncionais dos alunos com TEA – Transtorno do Espectro Autista ? Trinta (30) professores responderam os questionários aplicados, dos quais 03 (três) deles tornaram-se multcasos, pois fazem Atendimento Educacional Especializado - AEE com práticas de comunicação alternativa. Constatou-se modificações favoráveis ao desenvolvimento discente e na postura docente durante o planejamento de atividades pedagógicas, e na ação pedagógica, bem como no interesse de estudos afins, e na história sociocultural do contexto em que o professor de AEE está inserido, o que se elenca como principais contribuições da pesquisa. / This thesis presents the new classification of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (TEA), according to Grananã, (2014), from the DSM - V update (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition - Statistical Manual and Diagnosis of Mental Disorders - fifth edition). Historically, Teacher Training and Alternative Communication have been rescued, articulated with the assistive technology in the scope of Public Policies of Education. Its main object ives are: to propose and investigate a training of teachers with technological resources in Alternative Communication, to assist the teacher in his praxis teaching in the multifunctional resource rooms - SRM of students with ASD in the municipal network of education of São Luís - Maranhão. The research was carried out under a socio-historical perspective with observations, visits in 05 (five) schools and interviews with teachers -participants, questionnaires (before, during and after) of the "Tech Educ Especial" classroom training implemented in 03 (three) training processes, (face-to-face, roving, and consultation). The methodology developed as a case study was the DCC, Context-Centered Development of software use and its correlations, and a relevant theoretical and multidisciplinary basis as found in the school contexts of Maranhão and from the research question: In what way a formation Of teachers with the use of the Alternative Communication System contributes to the teaching praxis in the multifunctional resource rooms of students with ASD - Autism Spectrum Disorder? Thirty (30) teachers answered the questionnaires applied, of which 03 (three) of them became mulcasos, because they make Specialized Educational Assistance (AEE) with alternative communication practices. It was observed favorable modifications to the student development and in the teaching position during the planning of pedagogic activities, and in the pedagogical action, as well as in the interest of related studies, and in the sociocultural history of the context in which the ESA teacher is inserted, which as the main contributions of the research.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:33:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 martins_alb_me_sjrp.pdf: 586478 bytes, checksum: aa86803b63525f77a66d762d487c4983 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / As Doenças do Espectro Autístico incluem o Autismo, o Transtorno Invasivo do Desenvolvimento Sem Outra Especificação e a Síndrome de Asperger. A etiologia é muito discutida, devido a sua variação e complexidade. São doenças que se manifestam nos três primeiros anos de vida, com uma variação clínica que inclui comportamento ritualístico, fala ausente ou pouco desenvolvida, além de problemas graves de relacionamento. Em 5 a 37 % dos casos são observadas em comorbidade com outras afecções. Em indivíduos com estas doenças já foram descritas alterações em todos os cromossomos e há genes propostos como candidatos de estarem envolvidos na etiopatogenia. Também, há relatos de casos com alterações subteloméricas, especialmente deleções, envolvendo as extremidades distais dos braços longos dos cromossomos 2 e 22. Mais recentemente foram observadas mutações no gene SHANK3, que está localizado em 22q13.3, na população com Doenças do Espectro Autístico. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de um estudo citogenético e molecular realizado em 48 indivíduos com doenças do espectro autístico. Foram estudados o cariótipo por bandamento GTG convencional, as regiões 2q37 e 22q13 pela técnica de bandamento GTG em alta resolução, os éxons 8 e 22 do gene SHANK3 por seqüenciamento direto. A análise cariotípica convencional e dos éxons 8 e 22 revelaram resultados normais. A análise em alta resolução de um indivíduo mostrou resultado com possível deleção em 2q37, que não foi confirmada por técnica complementar. O número restrito de pacientes estudados deve ser considerado, porém pode ser sugerido que alterações em 2q37, 22q13 e dos éxons 8 e 22 do gene SHANK3, sejam eventos mais raros do que se supunha em Doenças do Espectro Autístico e sua investigação pode ser indicada na triagem de pacientes e para o aconselhamento genético... / The autism spectrum disorders including autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified and Asperger syndrome. The etiology is much debated due to its variation and complexity. These are disorders that are manifested in the first three years of life, with a clinical variant that includes ritualistic behavior, speech absent or poorly developed, in addition to serious relationship. In 5 to 37% of cases are observed in association with other diseases. In individuals with these diseases have been described changes in all chromosomes and genes are proposed as candidates to be involved in pathogenesis. Also, there are reports of cases with subtelomeric changes, especially deletions involving the distal ends of the long arms of chromosomes 2 and 22. More recently, mutations were observed in the gene SHANK3, which is located on 22q13.3, in the population with autism spectrum disorders. This paper presents the results of a cytogenetic and molecular study performed in 48 individuals with autistic spectrum disorders. We studied the karyotype by GTG conventional regions 2q37 and 22q13 by GTG banding technique in high resolution, the exons 8 and 22 SHANK3 gene by direct sequencing. The conventional karyotype analysis and exons 8 and 22 point normal results. The high resolution analysis of an individual with demonstrated results possible deletion in 2q37, which was not confirmed by complementary technique. The small number of patients should be considered, but may be suggested that changes in 2q37, 22q13 and exons 8 and 22 of the gene SHANK3, are more rare than previously thought on the autism spectrum disorders and their investigation may be indicated in screening of patients for genetic counseling of families is not justified. However, these investigations could be cited in this population when it is selected for the presence of dysmorphic features indicative of possible... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

This paper investigates the school educational inclusion of children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Santa Maria, RS. Thus, the inclusion will be analyzed in a more comprehensive way, including four referring axes: presence, participation, acceptance and apprenticeship of students with ASD. The research has qualitative character, being carried out from exploratory multiple case. The objective is to describe how the inclusion of students with ASD in mainstream schools in Santa Maria is working from the perspectives of their teachers in this context. For that, four teachers of first years of elementary school, who teach students diagnosed with ASD by Educacenso 2012, took part in this research. It is noteworthy that the findings of this study point to the fact that the strategies used by the teachers seem to favor the inclusion of students with ASD in mainstream schools. However, there are still barriers to participation and learning of these students who constitute a challenge to the inclusive process. Furthermore, it is suggested that the inclusion is investigated in a broader sense, considering besides the presence of the student at school, how he is participating, interacting, learning and being perceived in the inclusive setting. / Este trabalho investiga a inclusão educacional escolar de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) no município de Santa Maria, RS. A inclusão será analisada a partir dequatro indicadores: presença, participação, aceitação e aprendizagem dos alunos com TEA. A pesquisa tem caráter qualitativo, desenvolvendo-se a partir de caso múltiplo do tipo exploratório. O objetivo constitui em analisar os indicadores de qualidade de inclusão dos alunos com TEA matriculados nas escolas regulares do município de Santa Maria, a partir das perspectivas de seus professores. Para isso, participaram deste estudo quatro professores das séries iniciais do ensino fundamental de escolas do município de Santa Maria RS que realizama docência com alunos com o diagnóstico de TEA pelo Educacenso 2012. Ressalta-se que os achados desse estudo, apontam para o fato de que as estratégias utilizadas pelas professoras parecem favorecer a inclusão dos alunos com TEA em escolas regulares. Entretanto, ainda existem barreiras que impedem a participação e a aprendizagem desses alunos que se constituem como desafio ao processo inclusivo. Além disso, sugere-se que a inclusão seja investigada de modo mais amplo, considerando além da presença do aluno na escola, a forma como ele está participando, sendo aceito, aprendendo e sendo percebido no contexto inclusivo.