O presente estudo teve por objetivo pesquisar a ocorrência de bullying em adolescentes de três escolas, públicas e privadas, da cidade de Porto Alegre, RS. Investigou os tipos mais utilizados de bullying e a freqüência com que ocorrem. Objetivou, também, verificar se existe diferença na auto-estima de adolescentes envolvidos no bullying, enquanto vítimas, agressores, vítimas/agressores e testemunhas, por sexo. A amostra foi composta por 465 adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, estudantes de quartas a oitavas séries do ensino fundamental. Dentre estas crianças, 52,7% pertenciam ao sexo masculino e a idade dos participantes variou entre nove e dezoito anos (M= 13,4 anos; dp = 1,47). Os instrumentos utilizados foram um questionário sobre bullying, com 15 questões de múltipla escolha e a Escala de Auto-Estima de Rosenberg. Os dados foram coletados de forma coletiva nas escolas, após autorização das mesmas e consentimento dos adolescentes e pais. Os resultados mostraram que 67,5% foram vítimas, 54,7% foram agressores, 43,6% foram vítimas/agressores e 83,9% foram testemunhas de bullying. Uma ANOVA apontou uma interação entre sexo e papéis de bullying em relação à auto-estima. Testes Post Hoc demonstraram que meninos no grupo de vítimas/agressores apresentaram média superior de auto-estima em relação às meninas. Verificou-se que meninos no grupo de testemunhas apresentaram maior média de auto-estima que no grupo das vítimas. Verificou-se que as meninas no grupo de agressoras apresentaram média mais alta que o grupo das vítimas/agressoras. Concluiu-se que o bullying é um fenômeno de ocorrência muito comum e que apresenta diferentes implicações na auto-estima das meninas e dos meninos envolvidos em diferentes papéis. Novos estudos para esclarecer algumas dessas questões são propostos. / This study examined the occurrence of bullying in adolescents registered in elementary schools of the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. It investigated the most common types of bullying and its prevalence. It aimed also to verify possible sex differences in the selfesteem of participant as a function of their roles in bullying as victims, aggressors, victims/ aggressors, or witnesses. The participants were 465 adolescents (52.7% males), nine to 18 years old (M= 13.4 years; sd = 1.47). The participants answered the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and a bullying questionnaire consisting of 15 multiple choices questions. Results showed that 67.5% of the adolescents were victims, 54.7%, aggressors, 43.6%, victims/ aggressors, and 83.9%, witnesses. An ANOVA showed an interaction between sex and the participants’ bullying roles in relation to self-esteem. Post-hoc analyses demonstrated that boys in the victims/aggressors group were higher than girls in self-esteem. Male witnesses presented higher self-esteem than victims. Female aggressors presented higher self-esteem than the victims/aggressors group. The results showed that bullying is a very common phenomenon of frequent occurrence which presents different implications for girls and boys self-esteem as a function of the roles they play. New studies to clarify some of these questions are suggested.

El Ministerio de Salud ha señalado, como uno de sus lineamientos fundamentales para el periodo 2002-2012, la implementación de un Modelo de Atención Integral. En tal sentido se promuevan estilos de vida saludables que fomenten actitudes positivas y comportamientos para una vida sana. Las líneas de acción que se trabajan en las escuelas promotoras de la salud son la creación de entornos saludables, fomentar estilos de vida saludable y habilidades para la vida, los servicios de salud y nutrición, la participación social y la intersectorialidad como acciones de concertación y coordinación efectivas entre todos los actores como son los alumnos, docentes, familia y comunidad. De ahí que el presente estudio titulado “Nivel de autoestima y prácticas de conductas saludables en los estudiantes de educación secundaria de la Institución Educativa número 3049 Tahuantinsuyo Independencia en el año 2009”, cuyos objetivos principales fueron determinar el nivel de autoestima y determinar las prácticas de conductas saludables en los estudiantes de educación secundaria de dicha Institución y como objetivos específicos identificar el nivel de autoestima según las dimensiones de autoestima general, escolar, hogar-padres y social, y establecer la relación entre el nivel de autoestima y las prácticas de conductas saludables en los estudiantes de educación secundaria de dicha Institución. El método que se utilizó fue el descriptivo de corte transversal tomándose como muestra a 183 alumnos del 3er, 4to y 5to año de educación secundaria. La técnica que se utilizó fue la entrevista y como instrumentos se utilizaron formularios tipo cuestionarios los cuales permitieron obtener información acerca del nivel de autoestima y las prácticas de conductas saludables que tienen los estudiantes de educación secundaria de la Institución Educativa número 3049. Las conclusiones a las que se llegaron fueron las siguientes: La mayoría 108(59%) de los estudiantes presentan un nivel de autoestima medio, seguido del nivel bajo con 54 estudiantes (30%) y finalmente 21 (11%) con nivel de autoestima alto lo que predispone a que dichos estudiantes sientan desconfianza, minusvalía y poca estima hacia sí mismos; en cuanto a las dimensiones del autoestima la mayoría de ellos 126 (69%) presentan nivel medio de autoestima en los componentes General, Escolar y Hogar, lo que se caracteriza por sentimientos de seguridad y capacidad en si mismos, poseer buena capacidad para aprender y presentar buenas relaciones con la familia con sentimiento de aceptación por cada miembro de ella, mientras que 119(65%) presentan nivel de autoestima bajo en el componente Social lo que se caracteriza por sentimientos de inaceptación e incomprensión hacia las personas de su alrededor; es decir escasas habilidades sociales, empatía y asertividad en las relaciones interpersonales; características que repercuten negativamente en su estilo y calidad de vida favoreciendo el abandono físico y psicosocial poniendo en riesgo óptimo estado de salud del adolescente. La mayoría de los estudiantes 121(66%) refieren practicar conductas orientadas hacia el cuidado de su salud como practica ejercicio físico regular, consumo adecuado de carbohidratos, vegetales y proteínas e ingesta adecuada de agua, prácticas sexuales sin riesgo, no consumo de tabaco ni de drogas; conductas que van a permitir el logro de una calidad de vida adecuada y con ello el desarrollo de capacidades y habilidades para la vida que los constituyan en un recurso para el desarrollo del país; sin embargo el número de adolescentes que no presentan conductas saludables 62 (34%) como alto consumo de comida chatarra y consumo indebido de alcohol, podría incrementarse y con ello aumentar la predisposición al deterioro continuo de su estado de salud, lo que minaría el poder cumplir y/o realizar sus metas u objetivos además de poner en riesgo su salud física, psicológica y social. / The Department of Health has indicated, as one of his fundamental limits for the period 2002-2012, the implementation of a Model of Integral Attention. To this respect there are promoted healthy ways of life that foment positive attitudes and behaviors for a healthy life. The lines of action that they work in the schools promoters of the health are the creation of healthy environments, to foment ways of healthy life and skills for the life, the services of health and nutrition, the social participation and the intersectorialidad like effective actions of conciliation and coordination betweenall the actors since they are the pupils, teachers, family and community. Of there that the present qualified study "Level of autoesteem and practices of healthy conducts in the students of secondary education of the Educational Institution number 3049 Tahuantinsuyo Independencia in the year 2009", whose(which) principal aims(lenses) were to determine the level of autoesteem and to determine the practices of healthy conducts in the students of secondary education of the above mentioned Institution and as specific aims(lenses) to identify the level of autoesteem according to the dimensions of general, school autoesteem, home(fireplace)-parents and socially, and to establish the relation between(among) the level of autoesteem and the practices of healthy conducts in the students of secondary education of the above mentioned Institution. The method that was in use was the descriptive one of transverse court(cut) taking as sample to 183 pupils of 3er, 4to and 5to year of secondary education. The technology(skill) that was in use was the interview and as instruments there were in use formulaic type questionnaires which allowed to obtain information it brings over of the level of autoesteem and the practices of healthy conducts that have the students of secondary education of the Educational Institution number 3049. The conclusions to those who came near were the following ones: The majority 108 (59 %) of the students presents a level of autoesteem average, followed by the low level with 54 students (30 %) and finally 21 (11 %) with high level of autoesteem what it predisposes to that the above mentioned students sit distrust, handicap and few esteem towards yes same; as for the dimensions of he autoestimates the majority of they 126 (69 %) presents average level of autoesteem in the components General, Student and Home, What is characterized by safety feelings and capacity in if same, to possess good aptitude to learn and present good relations with the family with feeling acceptance for every member of her(it), whereas 119 (65 %) presents level of autoesteem under in the Social component what is characterized by feelings of unacceptance and incomprehension towards the persons of his around; it is to say scanty social skills, empathy and asertividad in the interpersonal relations; characteristics that reverberate negatively in his style and quality of life favoring the physical abandon and psicosocial putting in ideal risk bill of health of the teenager. The majority of the students 121 (66 %) recount to practise conducts orientated towards the care of his(her,your) health as practical physical regular exercise, suitable consumption of carbohydrates, vegetables and proteins and suitable ingestion of water, sexual practices without risk, I consume neither of tobacco nor of drugs; conducts that are going to allow the achievement of a quality of suitable life and with it the development of capacities and skills for the life that they them constitute in a resource for the development of the country; nevertheless the number of teenagers who do not present healthy conducts 62 (34 %) As high consumption of food scrap and undue consumption of alcohol, might increase and with it the predisposition increases to the constant deterioration of hisbillof health, which would mine the power to expire and or to realize his goals or aimsbeside putting in risk his physical, psychological and social health.

O presente estudo teve por objetivo pesquisar a ocorrência de bullying em adolescentes de três escolas, públicas e privadas, da cidade de Porto Alegre, RS. Investigou os tipos mais utilizados de bullying e a freqüência com que ocorrem. Objetivou, também, verificar se existe diferença na auto-estima de adolescentes envolvidos no bullying, enquanto vítimas, agressores, vítimas/agressores e testemunhas, por sexo. A amostra foi composta por 465 adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, estudantes de quartas a oitavas séries do ensino fundamental. Dentre estas crianças, 52,7% pertenciam ao sexo masculino e a idade dos participantes variou entre nove e dezoito anos (M= 13,4 anos; dp = 1,47). Os instrumentos utilizados foram um questionário sobre bullying, com 15 questões de múltipla escolha e a Escala de Auto-Estima de Rosenberg. Os dados foram coletados de forma coletiva nas escolas, após autorização das mesmas e consentimento dos adolescentes e pais. Os resultados mostraram que 67,5% foram vítimas, 54,7% foram agressores, 43,6% foram vítimas/agressores e 83,9% foram testemunhas de bullying. Uma ANOVA apontou uma interação entre sexo e papéis de bullying em relação à auto-estima. Testes Post Hoc demonstraram que meninos no grupo de vítimas/agressores apresentaram média superior de auto-estima em relação às meninas. Verificou-se que meninos no grupo de testemunhas apresentaram maior média de auto-estima que no grupo das vítimas. Verificou-se que as meninas no grupo de agressoras apresentaram média mais alta que o grupo das vítimas/agressoras. Concluiu-se que o bullying é um fenômeno de ocorrência muito comum e que apresenta diferentes implicações na auto-estima das meninas e dos meninos envolvidos em diferentes papéis. Novos estudos para esclarecer algumas dessas questões são propostos. / This study examined the occurrence of bullying in adolescents registered in elementary schools of the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. It investigated the most common types of bullying and its prevalence. It aimed also to verify possible sex differences in the selfesteem of participant as a function of their roles in bullying as victims, aggressors, victims/ aggressors, or witnesses. The participants were 465 adolescents (52.7% males), nine to 18 years old (M= 13.4 years; sd = 1.47). The participants answered the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and a bullying questionnaire consisting of 15 multiple choices questions. Results showed that 67.5% of the adolescents were victims, 54.7%, aggressors, 43.6%, victims/ aggressors, and 83.9%, witnesses. An ANOVA showed an interaction between sex and the participants’ bullying roles in relation to self-esteem. Post-hoc analyses demonstrated that boys in the victims/aggressors group were higher than girls in self-esteem. Male witnesses presented higher self-esteem than victims. Female aggressors presented higher self-esteem than the victims/aggressors group. The results showed that bullying is a very common phenomenon of frequent occurrence which presents different implications for girls and boys self-esteem as a function of the roles they play. New studies to clarify some of these questions are suggested.

El Ministerio de Salud ha señalado, como uno de sus lineamientos fundamentales para el periodo 2002-2012, la implementación de un Modelo de Atención Integral. En tal sentido se promuevan estilos de vida saludables que fomenten actitudes positivas y comportamientos para una vida sana. Las líneas de acción que se trabajan en las escuelas promotoras de la salud son la creación de entornos saludables, fomentar estilos de vida saludable y habilidades para la vida, los servicios de salud y nutrición, la participación social y la intersectorialidad como acciones de concertación y coordinación efectivas entre todos los actores como son los alumnos, docentes, familia y comunidad. De ahí que el presente estudio titulado “Nivel de autoestima y prácticas de conductas saludables en los estudiantes de educación secundaria de la Institución Educativa número 3049 Tahuantinsuyo Independencia en el año 2009”, cuyos objetivos principales fueron determinar el nivel de autoestima y determinar las prácticas de conductas saludables en los estudiantes de educación secundaria de dicha Institución y como objetivos específicos identificar el nivel de autoestima según las dimensiones de autoestima general, escolar, hogar-padres y social, y establecer la relación entre el nivel de autoestima y las prácticas de conductas saludables en los estudiantes de educación secundaria de dicha Institución. El método que se utilizó fue el descriptivo de corte transversal tomándose como muestra a 183 alumnos del 3er, 4to y 5to año de educación secundaria. La técnica que se utilizó fue la entrevista y como instrumentos se utilizaron formularios tipo cuestionarios los cuales permitieron obtener información acerca del nivel de autoestima y las prácticas de conductas saludables que tienen los estudiantes de educación secundaria de la Institución Educativa número 3049. Las conclusiones a las que se llegaron fueron las siguientes: La mayoría 108(59%) de los estudiantes presentan un nivel de autoestima medio, seguido del nivel bajo con 54 estudiantes (30%) y finalmente 21 (11%) con nivel de autoestima alto lo que predispone a que dichos estudiantes sientan desconfianza, minusvalía y poca estima hacia sí mismos; en cuanto a las dimensiones del autoestima la mayoría de ellos 126 (69%) presentan nivel medio de autoestima en los componentes General, Escolar y Hogar, lo que se caracteriza por sentimientos de seguridad y capacidad en si mismos, poseer buena capacidad para aprender y presentar buenas relaciones con la familia con sentimiento de aceptación por cada miembro de ella, mientras que 119(65%) presentan nivel de autoestima bajo en el componente Social lo que se caracteriza por sentimientos de inaceptación e incomprensión hacia las personas de su alrededor; es decir escasas habilidades sociales, empatía y asertividad en las relaciones interpersonales; características que repercuten negativamente en su estilo y calidad de vida favoreciendo el abandono físico y psicosocial poniendo en riesgo óptimo estado de salud del adolescente. La mayoría de los estudiantes 121(66%) refieren practicar conductas orientadas hacia el cuidado de su salud como practica ejercicio físico regular, consumo adecuado de carbohidratos, vegetales y proteínas e ingesta adecuada de agua, prácticas sexuales sin riesgo, no consumo de tabaco ni de drogas; conductas que van a permitir el logro de una calidad de vida adecuada y con ello el desarrollo de capacidades y habilidades para la vida que los constituyan en un recurso para el desarrollo del país; sin embargo el número de adolescentes que no presentan conductas saludables 62 (34%) como alto consumo de comida chatarra y consumo indebido de alcohol, podría incrementarse y con ello aumentar la predisposición al deterioro continuo de su estado de salud, lo que minaría el poder cumplir y/o realizar sus metas u objetivos además de poner en riesgo su salud física, psicológica y social. / -- The Department of Health has indicated, as one of his fundamental limits for the period 2002-2012, the implementation of a Model of Integral Attention. To this respect there are promoted healthy ways of life that foment positive attitudes and behaviors for a healthy life. The lines of action that they work in the schools promoters of the health are the creation of healthy environments, to foment ways of healthy life and skills for the life, the services of health and nutrition, the social participation and the intersectorialidad like effective actions of conciliation and coordination betweenall the actors since they are the pupils, teachers, family and community. Of there that the present qualified study "Level of autoesteem and practices of healthy conducts in the students of secondary education of the Educational Institution number 3049 Tahuantinsuyo Independencia in the year 2009", whose(which) principal aims(lenses) were to determine the level of autoesteem and to determine the practices of healthy conducts in the students of secondary education of the above mentioned Institution and as specific aims(lenses) to identify the level of autoesteem according to the dimensions of general, school autoesteem, home(fireplace)-parents and socially, and to establish the relation between(among) the level of autoesteem and the practices of healthy conducts in the students of secondary education of the above mentioned Institution. The method that was in use was the descriptive one of transverse court(cut) taking as sample to 183 pupils of 3er, 4to and 5to year of secondary education. The technology(skill) that was in use was the interview and as instruments there were in use formulaic type questionnaires which allowed to obtain information it brings over of the level of autoesteem and the practices of healthy conducts that have the students of secondary education of the Educational Institution number 3049. The conclusions to those who came near were the following ones: The majority 108 (59 %) of the students presents a level of autoesteem average, followed by the low level with 54 students (30 %) and finally 21 (11 %) with high level of autoesteem what it predisposes to that the above mentioned students sit distrust, handicap and few esteem towards yes same; as for the dimensions of he autoestimates the majority of they 126 (69 %) presents average level of autoesteem in the components General, Student and Home, What is characterized by safety feelings and capacity in if same, to possess good aptitude to learn and present good relations with the family with feeling acceptance for every member of her(it), whereas 119 (65 %) presents level of autoesteem under in the Social component what is characterized by feelings of unacceptance and incomprehension towards the persons of his around; it is to say scanty social skills, empathy and asertividad in the interpersonal relations; characteristics that reverberate negatively in his style and quality of life favoring the physical abandon and psicosocial putting in ideal risk bill of health of the teenager. The majority of the students 121 (66 %) recount to practise conducts orientated towards the care of his(her,your) health as practical physical regular exercise, suitable consumption of carbohydrates, vegetables and proteins and suitable ingestion of water, sexual practices without risk, I consume neither of tobacco nor of drugs; conducts that are going to allow the achievement of a quality of suitable life and with it the development of capacities and skills for the life that they them constitute in a resource for the development of the country; nevertheless the number of teenagers who do not present healthy conducts 62 (34 %) As high consumption of food scrap and undue consumption of alcohol, might increase and with it the predisposition increases to the constant deterioration of hisbillof health, which would mine the power to expire and or to realize his goals or aimsbeside putting in risk his physical, psychological and social health. / Tesis

La presente investigación tuvo por objetivo analizar la relación entre autoestima, claridad de autoconcepto y salud mental en un grupo de adolescentes de Lima Metropolitana. Para ello, se aplicaron la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg (RSES), la Escala de Claridad de Autoconcepto (SCCS) y el Inventario de Problemas Conductuales (YSR) a 355 participantes (204 varones y 151 mujeres) entre 14 y 17 años. Los resultados obtenidos muestran diferencias significativas según sexo. Las adolescentes puntúan menos en autoestima y más en problemas de internalización que los varones, asimismo se han nivelado con ellos en comportamientos problemas globales. La claridad de autoconcepto es más relevante para los varones que para las mujeres en las escalas sindrómicas, y es clave en problemas externalizados para ambos sexos. Para el grupo de mujeres, la autoestima resulta ser importante para trastornos de internalización. / The aim of this research was to analyze the relation between the self-esteem, selfconcept clarity and mental health in a group of adolescentsin Metropolitan Lima. To accomplish this purpose, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), Self-Concept Clarity Scale (SCCS) and Youth Self Report (YSR) were applied to 355 participants (204 men and 151 women) aged 14 to 17 years. The results show significant differences by sex. In male adolescent self-concept clarity is more relevant than in female adolescents for syndrome scales and is crucial for externalizing problems in both sexes. Female adolescent scored lower self-esteem and greater internalizing problems than the male ones and women have leveled in global behavior problems with men. For the same group of women, self-esteem is important in internalizing disorders. / Tesis

Resumen: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las relaciones entre Claridad del Autoconcepto, Autoestima y Bienestar Subjetivo en un grupo de adolescentes de zonas urbano-marginales. Para fines de la investigación, se aplicó la Escala de Claridad del Autoconcepto, la Escala de Autoestima y la Escala de Bienestar Subjetivo a 128 adolescentes entre 12 y 18 años. Se encontró correlaciones significativas entre Autoestima y los tres componentes del Bienestar Subjetivo para el grupo de mujeres, y tan solo una correlación significativa entre Autoestima y Afecto Negativo para el grupo de hombres. Además, las correlaciones parciales muestran que la Autoestima sostiene la relación entre Claridad del Autoconcepto y Bienestar Subjetivo para el total de participantes. Finalmente, no se hallaron diferencias significativas según género respecto a los puntajes obtenidos en las distintas escalas, y correlaciones significativas pero pequeñas, entre afecto positivo y edad. / Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between Self-concept clarity, Selfesteem and Subjective Well-Being in a group of adolescents from urban-marginal areas. For research purposes the Self-Concept Clarity Scale, the Self-esteem Scale and the Subjective Well-Being Scale were applied to 128 adolescents between 12 and 18 years. Significant correlations were found between Self-esteem and the three components of the Subjective Well-Being in women’s group and just one significant correlation between Selfesteem and Negative Affect in men’s group. In addition, partial correlations show that Selfesteem maintained the relationship between Self-concept clarity and Subjective Well- Being for all participants. Finally, no significant differences were found by gender in respect of the scores obtained in the different scales, and significant but small correlations between positive affect and age. / Tesis

La presente investigación tuvo por objetivo analizar las características psicométricas de la Escala de Claridad del Autoconcepto (SCCS; Campbell et al., 1996) en un grupo de 220 estudiantes de universidades privadas de Lima Metropolitana (M = 19.35, DE = 2.77). Para tal fin, se analizó la estructura interna de dicho instrumento mediante el análisis factorial exploratorio, se uso el método de componentes principales (ACP) y, para la extracción de factores la regla del autovalor mayor que 1 y el gráfico de sedimentación. Se encontró una solución conformada por un componente con buena consistencia interna (α = .84). De manera complementaria, se evaluó las relaciones de convergencia entre la Claridad del autoconcepto con los constructos de autoestima, ansiedad, depresión y las cinco sub-escalas del NEO-FFI, obteniéndose correlaciones concordantes con lo teóricamente esperable, salvo para la subescala de agradabilidad donde no se obtuvo asociaciones estadísticamente significativas. / The aim of the investigation is to adapt psychometrically the Spanish version of the Self Concept Clarity Scale (SCCS; Campbell et al., 1996) in 220 students from private universities in Lima (M = 19.35, DE = 2.77).The exploratory factor analysis was made with the principal component analysis method, the number of factors was determine with the eigenvalues and the scree test. Results showed that the internal structure of one component have god internal consistency (α = .84). As a complement, the analysis of convergent relations between Self Concept Clarity and other constructs, such as self-esteem, anxiety, depression and the five subscales of NEO-FFI. The results were as expected theoretically, except the agreeableness subscale, which didn’t showed significant relations with any of the constructs of the study. / Tesis

O presente estudo teve por objetivo pesquisar a ocorrência de bullying em adolescentes de três escolas, públicas e privadas, da cidade de Porto Alegre, RS. Investigou os tipos mais utilizados de bullying e a freqüência com que ocorrem. Objetivou, também, verificar se existe diferença na auto-estima de adolescentes envolvidos no bullying, enquanto vítimas, agressores, vítimas/agressores e testemunhas, por sexo. A amostra foi composta por 465 adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, estudantes de quartas a oitavas séries do ensino fundamental. Dentre estas crianças, 52,7% pertenciam ao sexo masculino e a idade dos participantes variou entre nove e dezoito anos (M= 13,4 anos; dp = 1,47). Os instrumentos utilizados foram um questionário sobre bullying, com 15 questões de múltipla escolha e a Escala de Auto-Estima de Rosenberg. Os dados foram coletados de forma coletiva nas escolas, após autorização das mesmas e consentimento dos adolescentes e pais. Os resultados mostraram que 67,5% foram vítimas, 54,7% foram agressores, 43,6% foram vítimas/agressores e 83,9% foram testemunhas de bullying. Uma ANOVA apontou uma interação entre sexo e papéis de bullying em relação à auto-estima. Testes Post Hoc demonstraram que meninos no grupo de vítimas/agressores apresentaram média superior de auto-estima em relação às meninas. Verificou-se que meninos no grupo de testemunhas apresentaram maior média de auto-estima que no grupo das vítimas. Verificou-se que as meninas no grupo de agressoras apresentaram média mais alta que o grupo das vítimas/agressoras. Concluiu-se que o bullying é um fenômeno de ocorrência muito comum e que apresenta diferentes implicações na auto-estima das meninas e dos meninos envolvidos em diferentes papéis. Novos estudos para esclarecer algumas dessas questões são propostos. / This study examined the occurrence of bullying in adolescents registered in elementary schools of the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. It investigated the most common types of bullying and its prevalence. It aimed also to verify possible sex differences in the selfesteem of participant as a function of their roles in bullying as victims, aggressors, victims/ aggressors, or witnesses. The participants were 465 adolescents (52.7% males), nine to 18 years old (M= 13.4 years; sd = 1.47). The participants answered the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and a bullying questionnaire consisting of 15 multiple choices questions. Results showed that 67.5% of the adolescents were victims, 54.7%, aggressors, 43.6%, victims/ aggressors, and 83.9%, witnesses. An ANOVA showed an interaction between sex and the participants’ bullying roles in relation to self-esteem. Post-hoc analyses demonstrated that boys in the victims/aggressors group were higher than girls in self-esteem. Male witnesses presented higher self-esteem than victims. Female aggressors presented higher self-esteem than the victims/aggressors group. The results showed that bullying is a very common phenomenon of frequent occurrence which presents different implications for girls and boys self-esteem as a function of the roles they play. New studies to clarify some of these questions are suggested.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-11-24 / INTRODUÇÃO: Os avanços tecnológicos do clareamento dental têm possibilitado o sucesso no tratamento odontológico, na obtenção de maior efetividade nos benefícios indiretos como a consciência com a higiene, mudanças de hábitos e a preservação da capacidade funcional e do bemestar, com consequente longevidade da saúde bucal. Os instrumentos de qualidade de vida quantificam objetivamente estas mudanças e são capazes de demonstrar o impacto positivo na saúde e na autoestima destes pacientes. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a qualidade de vida e autoestima em pacientes submetidos ao clareamento dental. MÉTODOS: Este estudo foi composto por 45 pacientes (30 grupo estudo e 15 grupo controle) submetidos ao clareamento dental e à aplicação de questionários autoaplicáveis para avaliação de qualidade de vida, autoestima, e saúde bucal (SF-36, Escala de Auto-Estima Rosenberg-UNIFESP/EMP e OHIP-49). RESULTADOS: Nos testes não paramétricos de Wilcoxon foram observadas diferenças de significância estatística no domínio de autoestima do grupo estudo (p=0,002); bem como no SF-36 no domínio vitalidade (p=0,019). No OHIP-49 houve diferença significante no domínio limitação funcional (p=0,015); dor física (p=0,014); desconforto psicológico (p=0,003) e incapacidade psicológica (p-0,016). Nos testes não paramétricos de Mann-Whitney, na análise intergrupos observouse diferença de significância estatística na autoestima (p=0,011), no OHIP- 49 nos domínios desconforto psicológico (p=0,045), incapacidade psicológica (p=0,017) e total (p=0,040). O SF-36 não apresentou diferença significativa em nenhum domínio. CONCLUSÃO: O clareamento dental promoveu impacto positivo na qualidade de vida e autoestima dos pacientes. / INTRODUCTION: Technological advances in dental bleaching have allowed success in dental treatment, with greater effectiveness in indirect benefits such as awareness of oral hygiene, changes in habits and preservation of functional capacity as also well-being and longevity with consequent oral health, which considers the quality of life and self-esteem. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of life and self-esteem in patients undergoing tooth whitening. METHODS: Forty-five patients (30 patients in study group and 15 in control group) were submitted to dental bleaching and to self-applied questionnaires to assess self-esteem, quality of life and oral health (Rosenberg, SF-36 and OHIP-49). RESULTS: Through the nonparametric Wilcoxon test statistically significant differences were observed in self-esteem of study group (p=0,002), as well as the SF-36 vitality domain (p=0,019). In the OHIP- there was no significant difference in functional limitation domain (p-0.015); physical pain (p-0,014); psychological distress (p=0,003) and psychological disability (p=0,016). In the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test, intergroup analysis showed difference of statistical significance in self-esteem (p=0,011), as also in the OHIP-49 in psychological discomfort (p=0,045), psychological disability (p=0,017) and total domains (p=0,040). The SF3-6 showed no significant difference in any questionnaire. CONCLUSION: Tooth whitening presented a positive impact on selfesteem and quality of life of patients. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Introduction: After bariatric surgery, social, behavioral, and eating habits must change. The lack of psychological monitoring may affect negatively the adaptation to the new body image and lifestyle, and result in low self-esteem and depressive symptoms. Objective: To evaluate the effects of bariatric surgery on accepting a new body image and the processes of self-esteem and depression in postoperative patients. Methods: This was a Cross-sectional study on patients who underwent bariatric surgery from 2015 to 2016 at a hospital in southern Brazil. After approval by the Ethics Committee, each consenting patient was interviewed by phone. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, and the electronic medical records were examined. Depressive symptoms were identified by using the Beck Inventory, and self-esteem was measured by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results: Seventy-one patients (76.1% women) participated, with a mean age of 39.8±10.3 years. The majority were married (77.5%), had a high education level (54.9%), presence of comorbidities (62.0%), and anxiety symptoms (59.2%). Before surgery, 9.9% had depressive symptoms, which increased to 38% after surgery, according to the following breakdown: 3.3% severe, 8.3% moderate to severe, and 26.7% mild to moderate. Anxiety symptoms were associated with the use of antidepressants (p = 0.003) and shorter postoperative time (p = 0.013). The majority (98.4%) presented a moderate self-esteem score. There was a significant reduction in body weight and body mass index after the bariatric surgery (p <0.001). Conclusion: The findings revealed a moderate self-esteem and increased depressive symptoms as a result of bariatric surgery. / Submitted by Jurema de Andrade Bressan (jurema.bressan@unisul.br) on 2018-01-23T18:24:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) dissertação para entregar RIUNI_05.01.pdf: 1695769 bytes, checksum: 969ac9bb238ab82fbf6c021cbe285bf9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Silvane Cauz (silvane.cauz@unisul.br) on 2018-02-06T12:50:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) dissertação para entregar RIUNI_05.01.pdf: 1695769 bytes, checksum: 969ac9bb238ab82fbf6c021cbe285bf9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-06T12:50:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) dissertação para entregar RIUNI_05.01.pdf: 1695769 bytes, checksum: 969ac9bb238ab82fbf6c021cbe285bf9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Introdução: Após a cirurgia bariátrica há necessidade de mudanças nos hábitos alimentares, sociais e comportamentais. O não acompanhamento psicológico pode influenciar na capacidade de adaptação à nova imagem corporal e estilo de vida, e resultar em baixa autoestima e sintomas depressivos. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da cirurgia bariátrica no reconhecimento da identidade corporal e os processos de autoestima e depressão em pacientes no pós-operatório. Métodos: Estudo transversal. Foram incluídos pacientes que se submeteram a cirurgia bariátrica entre 2015 e 2016. Após aprovação do estudo, e por meio de contato telefônico, os participantes foram submetidos a entrevista individual. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e clínicos, além de revisão do prontuário eletrônico. Os sintomas depressivos foram identificados pelo Inventário de Beck e a autoestima pela Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg. Resultados: Participaram 71 pacientes (76,1% mulheres), com média de idade de 39,8±10,3 anos. A maioria era casada (77,5%), com alta escolaridade (54,9%), presença de comorbidades (62,0%) e sintomas ansiosos (59,2%). Antes da cirurgia, 9,9% tinham sintomas depressivos e após esta frequência aumentou para 38%: 3,3% com sintomas depressivos graves, 8,3% moderado a grave, 26,7% de leve a moderado. Os sintomas ansiosos se associaram ao uso de antidepressivos (p=0,003) e menor tempo de pós-operatório (p=0,013). Quanto a autoestima, 98,4% apresentaram uma pontuação moderada. Houve redução significativa do peso e índice de massa corporal após a intervenção cirúrgica (p<0,001). Conclusão: Os dados encontrados revelam que cirurgia bariátrica proporciona autoestima moderada e que sintomas depressivos podem surgir em decorrência da cirurgia.