Maslach and Leiter determined burnout to be caused by three major components: exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficiency. This literature review focuses on factors that directly contribute to new graduate nurse burnout. Major factors discussed in this paper are differences in expectations versus reality, influences from past education, developing professional identity, and the effect of the workplace environment on new graduate transition. Interventions to combat burnout are discussed along with recommendations for future research.

Occupational burnout related to stress in the workplace is frequently experienced by nurses who are regularly confronted with trauma, suffering, and high workloads. Burnout can negatively impact patient care and have detrimental effects on nurse’s physical and mental health. Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction programs have been researched as a potential intervention for reducing stress and burnout through cultivating present awareness, emotional regulation, and positive thinking. A literature review was performed to explore the current knowledge on the effectiveness of mindfulness meditation related to stress and burnout in nurses and to provide recommendations for future research on this topic. Findings reveal strong evidence that mindfulness meditation is effective in decreasing stress and burnout in nurses. Mindfulness based interventions have been shown to significantly decrease stress, improve all aspects of burnout, and increase self-compassion and compassion satisfaction. Mindfulness meditation has the potential to prevent stress and burnout in nurses by decreasing self-judgement and over-identification with experience, and by increasing resiliency, compassion, and emotional regulation.

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The objective of this research was to investigate the role of fatigue and occupational stress as predictors of Burnout in medical teachers. The study included 60 doctors, professors of medicine courses in Alagoas. We used a questionnaire to survey demographic and professional variables, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the Work Stress Scale and the Fatigue Assessment Scale. The data collected were analyzed in three steps. At first, descriptive statistics were performed and decision making (Student's t test) to compare the mean scores of the constructs considered here, depending on labor assignments. In the second analysis was performed on the correlation (Pearson's r) and multiple linear regressions to check the level of relationship and the extent to which independent variables explain the consequent variables. Finally, we proceeded to a structural equation modeling to test the theoretical model. The results of the comparison between the mean scores obtained in the variables measured on the basis of indicators of job-assignments, showed that teachers who guide students to extend, on average, higher scores on factor demand than those who do not develop this activity. The results of correlation analysis showed high and significant correlations between factors of the three scales. The multiple regression showed that fatigue and social support predict emotional exhaustion, depersonalization is predicted only by the demand variable, while the control variable accounts for professional achievement. With regard to testing the theoretical model explaining the dimensions of Burnout, as scores of fatigue and stress factors at work, the results obtained by means of structural equation modeling showed the same pattern of regression analyzes. Based on the findings of this study, it is reiterated that the nature predictor variables fatigue and occupational stress have on the process of Burnout in medical teachers. / O objetivo da presente pesquisa consistiu em investigar o papel da fadiga e do estresse ocupacional como fatores preditores da Síndrome de Burnout em médicos docentes. Participaram deste estudo 60 médicos, professores universitários dos cursos de Medicina de Alagoas. Foram utilizados um questionário elaborado para levantamento de variáveis demográficas e profissionais, o Inventário de Burnout de Maslach (MBI), a Escala de Estresse no Trabalho e a Escala de Avaliação da Fadiga. Os dados recolhidos foram analisados em três etapas distintas. Na primeira, foram realizadas estatísticas descritivas e de tomada de decisão (teste t de student) para comparar os escores médios dos construtos aqui considerados, em função das atribuições laborais. Na segunda, foram feitas análises de correlação (r de Pearson) e regressões lineares múltiplas, para verificar o nível de relação e em que medida as variáveis antecedentes explicam as variáveis consequentes. Por fim, procedeu-se a uma modelagem por equações estruturais para testar o modelo teórico. Os resultados da comparação entre os escores médios obtidos nas variáveis mensuradas, em função dos indicadores de atribuições laborativas, evidenciaram que os docentes que orientam alunos de extensão apresentam, em média, maior escore no fator demanda do que os que não desenvolvem esta atividade. Os resultados das análises de correlação demonstraram altas e significativas correlações entre fatores das três escalas. As regressões múltiplas evidenciaram que: fadiga e apoio social predizem a exaustão emocional; a despersonalização é predita apenas pela variável demanda, enquanto que a variável controle explica a realização profissional. No tocante à testagem do modelo teórico explicativo das dimensões da Síndrome de Burnout, a partir dos escores de fadiga e fatores do estresse no trabalho, os resultados obtidos por meio de modelagem por equações estruturais apresentaram o mesmo padrão das análises de regressão. Com base nos achados deste estudo, reafirma-se a natureza preditora que as variáveis fadiga e estresse ocupacional exercem sobre o processo de Burnout nos médicos docentes.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-12-01T14:25:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 907960 bytes, checksum: a4bca9fd581b01c382d1fa1153ed8509 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T14:25:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 907960 bytes, checksum: a4bca9fd581b01c382d1fa1153ed8509 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Burnout Syndrome (BS) is defined as a type of extended response to chronic emotional, psychosocial and interpersonal stressful factors related to work, when the means of combat and prevention are inadequate. This dissertation is composed of two papers: the first, theoretical, is called “Burnout Syndrome in nurses: bibliometric study of dissertations and theses in the Brazilian context”. Objective: To characterize the scientific production about BS in nurses. Methodology: This is a bibliometric study, composed of dissertations and theses, published in Brazil, from 2003 to 2015, available in the Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations of USP, CAPES Portal, Center for Studies and Research in Nursing, and Health Virtual Library. Results: It has identified 39 publications, with 27 dissertations and 12 theses. The greatest amount of works was developed in the Ribeirão Preto Nursing School, which belongs to the University of São Paulo. There was a prevalence of works produced by researchers with academic training in Nursing. The studies focused on the organization of work as a triggering factor of BS, as well as the prevalence and the risk of illness for this syndrome, and the most surveyed professionals were those who deal with hospital care. Conclusion: The studied scientific production emphasizes the correlation between BS and working conditions. One can realize the interest of researchers about this theme, although it has been observed a little expressive number of studies in the surveyed period. Introduction: The second paper is an original research, which is called “Prevalence of Burnout Syndrome and sociodemographic factors in nurses who work in the Family Health Strategy (FHS)”, whose objectives were: to evaluate the prevalence of BS in nurses who work in FHS; to characterize the presence of BS, according to the dimensions of the syndrome; and to check the association with some sociodemographic factors and working conditions. Methodology: This is a study of exploratorydescriptive nature, with quantitative approach, performed with nurses working in the Family Health Units (FHU) of the city of João Pessoa-PB. Data collection took place through a structured questionnaire and a validated instrument to evaluate BS. Data were statistically coded and analyzed. Results: Of the 193 nurses who comprise the study sample, 183 took part in the survey, with a predominance of female professionals, with steady partners and children, with Graduate degree. The age ranged between 24 and 69 years. Most nursing professionals have an average level for the Burnout Syndrome. Nevertheless, it is worth highlighting the worrying levels for the development of the syndrome, which are signs of vulnerability. Among the factors associated with burnout, it was found that this problem is more frequent in nurses without marital partners, with excessive workload, exceeding the 40 hours a week, worked in FHS, as well as for those who work in schedules beyond the full-time period. Conclusion: The data found are worrying, taking into account the perception of the prevalence and vulnerability of the Burnout Syndrome among the professionals who made up the sample of this study. / el Síndrome de Burnout (SB) se define como un tipo de respuesta prolongada a los factores de estrés emocionales, psicosociales e interpersonales crónicos relacionados con el trabajo, cuando los medios de lucha y prevención son insuficientes. Esta disertación fue compuesta por dos artículos: el primero, teórico, se denomina “Síndrome de Burnout en enfermeros: estudio bibliométrico de disertaciones y tesis en el escenario brasileño”. Objetivo: caracterizar la producción científica acerca del SB en enfermeros. Metodología: estudio bibliométrico, compuesto por disertaciones y tesis, publicadas en Brasil, en el período comprendido entre 2003 y 2015, disponibles en la Biblioteca Digital de Tesis y Disertaciones de la USP, en el Portal CAPES, en el Centro de Estudios e Investigación en Enfermería y en la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud. Resultados: Se han identificado 39 publicaciones, con 27 disertaciones y 12 tesis. El mayor número de trabajos fue desarrollado en la Escuela de Enfermería de Ribeirão Preto, de la Universidad de São Paulo. Hubo una prevalencia de trabajos producidos por investigadores con formación académica en Enfermería. Los estudios enfocaron la organización del trabajo como un factor desencadenante del SB, así como la prevalencia y el riesgo de ser afectado por dicho síndrome, y los profesionales más investigados fueron aquellos que actúan en la atención hospitalaria. Conclusión: la producción científica estudiada subraya la correlación del SB con las condiciones de trabajo. Se percibe el interés de los investigadores acerca del dicho tema, a pesar de que se ha observado un número poco expresivo de estudios em el período investigado. Introducción: el segundo artículo se trata de una investigación original, denominada “Prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout y factores sociodemográficos en enfermeros que actúan en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF)”, cuyos objetivos fueron: evaluar la prevalencia del SB en enfermeros que actúan en la ESF; caracterizar la presencia del SB, de acuerdo con las dimensiones del síndrome; y verificar la asociación con ciertos factores sociodemográficos y condiciones de trabajo. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio del tipo exploratorio-descriptivo, con planteamiento cuantitativo, efectuado con enfermeros que actúan en las Unidades de Salud de la Familia (USF) del ayuntamiento de João Pessoa-PB. La recolección de los datos ocurrió a través de un cuestionario estructurado y un instrumento validado para evaluar el SB. Los datos fueron codificados y analizados estadísticamente. Resultados: entre los 193 enfermeros que componen la muestra del estudio, 183 participaron de la investigación, predominando profesionales del sexo femenino, con compañero fijo e hijos, con Postgrado. La edad osciló entre 24 y 69 años. La mayor parte de los enfermeros presenta un nivel medio para el Síndrome de Burnout. Sin embargo, se debe señalar preocupantes niveles, los cuales son indicativos de vulnerabilidad para el desarrollo del síndrome. Entre los factores asociados con el burnout, se constató que el problema es más frecuente en los enfermeros sin compañero conyugal, con una carga horaria de trabajo excesiva, que sobrepasa las 40 horas semanales, trabajadas en la ESF, así como para aquellos que trabajan en horarios que trascienden el período integral. Conclusión: los datos verificados son preocupantes, teniendo en cuenta la percepción de la prevalencia y de la vulnerabilidad del Síndrome de Burnout entre los profesionales que compusieron este estudio. / A Síndrome de Burnout (SB) é definida como um tipo de resposta prolongada a estressores emocionais, psicossociais e interpessoais crônicos relacionados ao trabalho, quando os meios de enfrentamento e prevenção são insuficientes. Essa dissertação constituiu-se por dois artigos: o primeiro, teórico, intitula-se “Síndrome de Burnout em enfermeiros: estudo bibliométrico de dissertações e teses no cenário brasileiro”. Objetivo: Caracterizar a produção científica acerca da SB em enfermeiros. Metodologia: Estudo Bibliométrico, constituído por dissertações e teses, publicadas no Brasil, no período de 2003 a 2015, disponibilizados na Biblioteca de Teses e Dissertações da USP, no Portal CAPES, no Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas em Enfermagem e na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde. Resultados: Identificaram-se 39 publicações, sendo 27 dissertações e 12 teses. O maior número de trabalhos foi realizado na Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, da Universidade de São Paulo. Prevaleceram trabalhos produzidos por pesquisadores com formação acadêmica em Enfermagem. Os estudos focalizaram a organização do trabalho como fator desencadeante da SB, assim como a prevalência e o risco de adoecimento por tal síndrome, e os profissionais de enfermagem mais pesquisados foram os que atuam na assistência hospitalar. Conclusão: A produção científica estudada ressalta a correlação da SB com as condições de trabalho. Percebe-se o interesse dos pesquisadores acerca da referida temática, embora tenha sido observado um número pouco expressivo de estudos no período investigado. Introdução: O segundo artigo trata-se de uma pesquisa original, intitulada: “Prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout e fatores sociodemográficos em enfermeiros que atuam na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF)”, cujos objetivos foram: avaliar a prevalência da SB em enfermeiros que atuam na ESF; caracterizar a presença da SB, de acordo com as dimensões da síndrome; e verificar a associação com alguns fatores sociodemográficos e condições de trabalho. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo exploratório-descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com enfermeiros atuantes nas Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF) do município de João Pessoa – PB. A coleta dos dados se deu através de um questionário estruturado e um instrumento validado para avaliar a SB. Os dados coletados foram codificados e analisados estatisticamente. Resultados: Dentre os 193 enfermeiros que compõem o universo do estudo, 183 participaram da pesquisa, predominando profissionais do sexo feminino, com companheiro fixo e filhos, com Pós-Graduação. A idade variou entre 24 e 69 anos. A maioria dos enfermeiros apresenta nível médio para a Síndrome de Burnout. No entanto, ressalta-se níveis preocupantes, indicativos de vulnerabilidade para desenvolver a síndrome. Dentre os fatores associados ao burnout, verificou-se que o problema é mais frequente nos enfermeiros sem companheiro conjugal, com carga horária de trabalho excessiva, que ultrapassa as 40 horas semanais, trabalhadas na ESF, assim como para aqueles que trabalham em horários além do período integral. Conclusão: Os dados verificados são preocupantes, tendo em vista a percepção da prevalência e vulnerabilidade da Síndrome de Burnout entre os profissionais que compuseram o presente estudo.

The impact of occupational stress on physiological and psychological well-being of employees is well documented, as well as the adverse effects of occupational stress on organisational functioning. Nursing occupational stressors are divided in nursing-specific demands, job demands and lack of organisational support. If unattended, occupational stress may progress to burnout. Burnout is a type of response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors on the job and it is conceptualised as emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and personal accomplishment. It has been an issue particularly prominent in the human service occupations. The nursing profession specifically meets these criteria. Individuals who work under these circumstances are at greater risk of developing burnout. 53 nurses completed a biographical questionnaire, the Nursing Stress Survey (NSS) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Results indicate that trauma unit nursing staff experience moderate levels of occupational stress and average levels of burnout. Various stressors were identified that nursing staff experienced relatively severely. Emotional exhaustion is related to nursing-specific demands, job demands and lack of organisational support with large effect, indicating the importance of occupational stress in the development of burnout. It is important that management take cognizance of the relationships in order to have a pro-active approach to organisational stress management with the implementation of preventative interventions. / Dissertation (MCom (Human Resources Management))--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Human Resource Management / unrestricted

[pt] O principal objetivo desta dissertação consistiu em investigar os papéis das ações de redesenho do trabalho e da segurança psicológica na prevenção de sintomas do burnout. Para tanto, foram conduzidos dois estudos. O primeiro estudo consistiu em uma revisão teórica das relações entre redesenho do trabalho, segurança psicológica e burnout, considerando o impacto da interação entre profissionais de diferentes gerações no ambiente de trabalho. Já o segundo estudo, consistiu na proposição de um modelo no qual as ações de redesenho do trabalho exercem um papel de mediação na relação entre segurança psicológica e sintomas do burnout. Uma análise quantitativa foi conduzida, baseada na aplicação de escalas de avaliação de segurança psicológica, ações de redesenho do trabalho e sintomas do burnout e a partir de questionários respondidos por uma amostra de 179 trabalhadores dos setores químico, petroquímico e de óleo e gás. Através dos resultados obtidos, foi proposto um modelo no qual as ações de reformulação cognitiva desempenharam um papel de mediação parcial na relação entre segurança psicológica e os sintomas primários do burnout. Tais resultados reforçam a importância do desenvolvimento de ações direcionadas à capacitação de equipes e lideranças nos temas segurança psicológica e identificação de oportunidades de redesenho do trabalho. / [en] The main objective of this dissertation was to investigate the roles of job crafting actions and psychological safety in preventing burnout symptoms. For this, two studies were conducted. The first study consisted of a theoretical review of the relationships between job crafting, psychological safety and burnout, considering the impact of interaction between professionals from different generations in the work environment. The second study consisted of proposing a model in which job crafting actions play a mediating role in the relationship between psychological safety and burnout symptoms. A quantitative study was carried out, based on the application of assessment scales of psychological safety, job crafting actions and burnout symptoms and from questionnaires answered by a sample of 179 workers in the chemical, petrochemical and oil and gas sectors. Through the obtained results, a model was proposed in which the cognitive crafting actions played a partial mediation role in the relationship between psychological safety and the primary symptoms of burnout. Such results reinforce the importance of developing actions aimed at training teams and leaders in psychological safety issues and identifying opportunities for job crafting.

Esta investigación tuvo como propósito determinar las diferencias que existen entre los niveles de las dimensiones del Síndrome de Burnout entre el personal técnico de enfermería de dos centros hospitalarios estatales de las entidades MINSA y ESSALUD. Es un estudio de tipo comparativo y se trabajó con una población conformada por 100 técnicos del hospital estatal de la entidad MINSA y 100 técnicos del hospital estatal de la entidad ESSALUD (áreas de recuperación, esterilización, consultorios externos y emergencia). El instrumento utilizado fue el Inventario de Burnout de Maslach. Se encontró que existen diferencias significativas en la dimensiones de cansancio emocional y despersonalización, siendo los técnicos de enfermería del hospital estatal de la entidad MINSA los que alcanzan un mayor porcentaje en el nivel alto en las mencionadas dimensiones, sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en la dimensión de realización personal.

Research has illuminated high levels of burnout among stockbrokers and has identified significant correlations between elevated burnout levels and decreased work productivity, mental health, and quality of life (Cass, 2000; Millward, 2001). Though correlations between personality and job-related outcomes have been demonstrated with various professions, research on stockbrokers is noticeably lacking. One of the aims of the present study was to gain a better understanding of the individuals in this profession. Additionally, the study examined the income, job burnout, and job satisfaction levels of South Florida stockbrokers and the relationships between these job-related outcomes and personality characteristics. Forty male stockbrokers between the ages of 22 and 34 participated in the study and completed the California Psychological Inventory, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Abridged Job Descriptive Index, and a demographic questionnaire. Hypothesis testing utilized seven personality subscales: Dominance, Capacity for Status, Social Presence, Sociability, Self-control, Responsibility and Femininity/Masculinity. Results revealed partial support for study hypotheses: stockbrokers differed significantly from business executives on Responsibility and Self-control. Income was significantly correlated with Dominance, Social Presence, Sociability, Self-control, and Femininity/Masculinity and modestly correlated with Responsibility. Job satisfaction was modestly correlated with Dominance and Social Presence. However, burnout was not significantly correlated with any of the personality subscales. Stepwise multiple regression analysis utilizing the seven personality subscales to predict income revealed the best-fitting model to include Self-control and Dominance. The model containing Dominance, Capacity for Status, and Sociability was significantly predictive of satisfaction. However, no significant model emerged to predict burnout. When examining the interrelationships between job-related outcomes, satisfaction was positively correlated with income and negatively correlated with burnout; however, income and burnout were not significantly correlated. This study offers partial support for Cass (2000) and Millward (2001): high levels of burnout were found among the stockbrokers, though no significant relationship was found between Depersonalization and income. Additionally, the current study found Personal Accomplishment to be positively correlated with income. Like previous research that has identified self-esteem as important to job performance and offsetting negative work environments, this study found that more confident stockbrokers earned higher incomes and endorsed higher satisfaction levels.

Introduction: The evidence-base for the effectiveness of music on people with dementia is unclear, yet music is frequently used in the care of people with dementia. Little is known about formal dementia caregivers’ views on the use of music in their ward. The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes of formal dementia caregivers towards the use of music in people with dementia through the development of a new attitudes scale, and to investigate if these attitudes may be related to staff attitudes to people with dementia and burnout. Method: 101 formal caregivers from NHS wards which accommodate people with dementia completed a survey consisting of the Staff Attitudes to Music questionnaire–Dementia version (SAM-D), translated and validated for the purposes of this study, the Approaches to Dementia Questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Data were analysed using exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis and a series of correlational and multiple regression analyses. Results: The SAM-D is a useful measure of formal caregiver attitudes to the use of music for their patients, with three subscales, ‘Positive effects’, ‘Organisational facilitation’ and ‘Negative effects’. Most participants had positive attitudes to the use of music as a non-pharmacological intervention. Attitudes to dementia is a significant predictor of attitudes to the use of music, whereas burnout is not related to attitudes to music. Discussion: Alongside the evidence-base for music, staff attitudes should also be investigated, although development of an attitudes scale can be challenging. There are furthermore clinical implications for the use of music in people with dementia and caregiver attitudes. Future research may help assess the SAM-D’s psychometric properties further and investigate differences in attitudes of different professionals in various settings.