Submitted by CLARISSA HELENA SANTANA null (santana.chs@gmail.com) on 2016-03-21T18:17:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_Clarissa_Helena_Santana.pdf: 1159982 bytes, checksum: 1160868d6c0bff2c67119202847275c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-03-22T17:26:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 santana_ch_me_jabo.pdf: 1159982 bytes, checksum: 1160868d6c0bff2c67119202847275c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:26:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 santana_ch_me_jabo.pdf: 1159982 bytes, checksum: 1160868d6c0bff2c67119202847275c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A bovinocultura é um setor com importante destaque no agronegócio brasileiro. O carrapato Ripicephalus (Boophilus) microplus é responsável por perdas econômicas significativas aos pecuaristas e é vetor de hemoparasitoses como Anaplasma spp e Babesia spp. Sabe-se que os bovinos Bos taurus taurus são mais susceptíveis à infestação por carrapatos do que Bos taurus indicus. Acredita-se que o mesmo ocorra para a infecção por Babesia bovis. Neste trabalho, foram avaliados, em duas colheitas, 355 bovinos da raça Angus, pertencentes a uma fazenda de Uruguaiana-RS, nos quais foram realizadas contagens de carrapatos e colheitas de amostras de sangue para quantificação de B. bovis, pela técnica de qPCR, e genotipagem com chip de 150.000 marcadores SNP. Para qPCR utilizaram-se sequências iniciadoras que flanqueiam um fragmento do gene do citocromo B (mt-cytB), como oligonucleotídeos iniciadores. Após genotipagem dos bovinos com o chip Gene Seek Genomic Profiler™ (GGP-HD) da Illumina Infinium®, foi realizado imputação de genótipos, para recuperação de genótipos faltantes, e controle de qualidade. Foi realizada análise de associação genômica ampla (GWAS), para cada uma das características, infecção por B. bovis e resistência a carrapatos, através do método denominado “Single Step Genomic BLUP” (ssGBLUP). Todos os animais apresentaram infestação por carrapatos e infecção por B. bovis, determinada pela qPCR, e altos valores médios para ambas as características. Algumas regiões cromossômicas foram identificadas como significativas para as características estudadas, sendo que, sete dos cromossomos identificados no presente estudo já haviam sido descritos em outros trabalhos. Neste sentido, o presente estudo corrobora com outros resultados indicando que a técnica de qPCR é um método sensível de detecção de B. bovis em animais Angus e que as regiões genômicas identificadas como significativas podem ser importantes para a variação das características estudadas. / The cattle industry is a sector with importance in the Brazilian agribusiness. The Ripicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is responsible for economic losses and is a vector for hemoparasitoses, such as Anaplasma spp and Babesia spp. It is known that the Bos tauros animals are more susceptible to infestation by ticks when compared with infestation in Bos indicus animals. It is believed that the same behavior keeps for infection by Babesia bovis. They were evaluated, in two collections, 355 Angus cattle, from a farm in Uruguaiana city, estate of Rio Grande do Sul, where were performed tick counts, quantification of B. bovis by qPCR and genotyping with a 150K chip. Were used as primers, in the qPCR, sequences that flanking the fragment of the cytochrome b gene. The technique was standardized and optimized using specimens of isolates of B. bovis. After genotyping, imputation was carried out, for recovery of missing genotypes, and quality control. Genome association analysis was performed (GWAS), to each of the characteristics, through the method called "Single Step Genomic BLUP" (ssGBLUP). All animals showed tick infestation and infection by B. bovis and high average values for both characteristics. Some regions on chromosomes were identified as significant to the characteristics tick infestation and infection by B. bovis, and seven chromosomes, identified in the present study, were already described in other studies. The present study agrees with other results indicating that the qPCR technique is a sensitive method to detecting B. bovis in Angus and genomic regions identified may be significant for the variation of these characteristics.

Calves infected with Babesia bovis or Babesia bigemina between 3 and 9 months of age can develop immunity without showing overt clinical signs. This transient immunity is not dependent on maternal immunity. After 9 months of age, they are fully susceptible to challenge. Dairy calves between 2 and 3 months of age were vaccinated with B. bigemina and B. bovis live frozen vaccines (Onderstepoort Biological Products®). Two months after vaccination, 90% of calves were serologically positive on IFA test to B. bigemina, and 70% were serologically positive to B. bovis. At this age, only 17% of the control group had seroconverted to B. bigemina and none of the calves had seroconverted to B. bovis. All experimental calves maintained positive serological status to both B. bovis</i. and B. bigemina for at least 5 months after vaccination. It is sound practice to vaccinate dairy calves against babesiosis at 2–3 months of age. Endemic stability is achieved before the period of natural resistance wanes. Copyright / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Veterinary Tropical Diseases / unrestricted

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:47:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 424006 bytes, checksum: e70b787e481758ae2e9bc9b63c6cb946 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-14 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / It was evaluated the immunology response given by the SBbo23290 and SBm7462 synthetic peptides to the control of Babesia bovis and Riphicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, inoculated by subcutaneous route, individually and simultaneously (Group I) and in a cocktail of both peptides (Group II). Each inoculation was done with intervals of 30 days. In the 30th and 34th days after the 3th inoculation, it was applied in each animal, 4000 larvaes of R. (B.) microplus, free of blood parasites and also, it was inoculated a sample of Babesia bovis UFV1 9th passage with a concentration of 1x106 babesias/mL, respectively. According to the results, the animals inoculated with the Group II obtained greater clinic response after challenging with both parasites. Besides, these animals showed high levels of total IgG specific to the SBbo23290, beginning one week after 1st inoculation, with titles of 1,06 ± 0,2486. The titles with high affinity of total IgG to SBm7462 was presented from the 8th week, with levels of 1,75 ± 0,1849 and 1,13 ± 0,2819 to Groups I and II, respectively. Both Group showed high levels of IgG1 over IgG2 isotopes with high affinity to SBbo23290. The Group I showed titles of total IgG and IgG1 with high affinity to SBm7462 and low efficiency (EF) to control the ticks, different of the obtained in the Group II, where it was found high titles of total IgG, low levels of IgG1 and EF of 46,80 %. These results suggest that, intraclonal competition was present after presentation by APCs (DC or WC1.1+) to CD4+ and lymphocytes B in the germinal centers, with major affinity by specific clones to SBbo23290 over SBm7462. It is possible that these changes were determined by antigen solubility. / Avaliou-se a resposta imunológica conferida pelos peptídeos SBbo23290 e SBm7462 para o controle de Babesia bovis e Riphicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, ao serem aplicados simultaneamente na apresentação individual (Group I) e em associação (Group II). Foram realizadas três aplicações em cada grupo, via subcutânea, com intervalos de 30 dias. O desafio foi feito 30º e 34º dias após a 3ª inoculação, colocando-se 4000 larvas de R. (B.) microplus, cepa livre de hemoparasitas, e inoculando-se a cepa de B. bovis UFV1 9ª passagem numa concentração de 1x106 parasitas/mL, respectivamente. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, os animais do Grupo II, apresentaram uma melhor resposta clínica frente ao desafio, acompanhado de altos níveis de IgG total específicos para o peptídeo SBbo23290, a partir da 1ª semana após a inoculação, com títulos de 1,06 ± 0,2486. Os títulos de IgG total específicos para SBm7462 estiveram presentes a partir da 8ª semana com níveis de 1,75 ± 0,1849 e 1,13 ± 0,2819 para Grupo I e II, respectivamente. Ambos os tratamentos apresentaram maiores níveis de isotipos IgG1 sobre IgG2 específicos para SBbo23290. O Grupo I, apresentou títulos de IgG total e IgG1 específicos para SBm7462 e baixa eficácia (EF) no controle dos carrapatos, diferente do obtido no Grupo II, onde encontrou-se altos títulos de IgG total, níveis baixos do IgG1 e uma EF de 46,80 %. Sugere-se que estes resultados foram determinados por competição intraclonal em populações após a apresentação por APCs (DC ou WC1.1+) a CD4+ e linfócitos B nos centros germinais, com maior afinidade por clones específicos para SBbo23290 sobre SBm7462, talvez determinado por solubilidade antigênica.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:47:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 923002 bytes, checksum: d038ed7630080e45d27557c298896b35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-15 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Sixteen bovines belonged to Bos taurus taurus species, serumly and parasitically negatives to hemoparasites, were divided in four groups of inoculation: Control groups, Saponine group, Treatment group I and Treatment group II. The following study had the objective to evaluate and measure the cellular immune response and the protection given to bovines, through simultaneous vaccination of synthetics immunogenics SBbo 23290 in opposite sides (Treatment I) and through vaccination of the same immunogenics SBm 7462 + SB 23290 in the same dose (Treatment II). All animals were inoculated three times, through subcutaneous, with intermissions of thirty days. The challenges were done thirty and thirty-four days after third inoculation, placing 2000 grubs of Ripicephalus Boophilus miroplus, out of hemoparasites, and lately inoculating the strain of Babesia bovis UFV1 ninth passing, in the concentration of 1 x 106 Babesias/ml, respectively. The results show that, along the study, animals vaccinated in two forms related obtained an alteration of the sub population of lymphocytes present in the peripheral blood. Among the population of lymphocytes studied, a bigger increase for the sub population of cells B CD21+ was seen. Through the study of kinetic production of interleukin 4, was valued the activation of blood peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultivated after vaccination of animals and beforehand stimulated together with synthetic peptides SBbo 23290 e SBm 7462. The quantification of IL-4 production showed low levels for Treatment group I, Treatment group II and Saponine group. / Dezesseis bovinos pertencentes a espécie Bos taurus taurus, negativos sorologicamente e parasitologicamente à hemoparasitas foram divididos em quatro grupos de inoculação: grupo Controle, grupo adjuvante Saponina, grupo Tratamento I e grupo com Tratamento II. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a resposta imune celular e a proteção conferida aos bovinos, pela vacinação simultânea com os imunógenos sintéticos SBm 7462 e SBbo 23290 em lados opostos (Tratamento I) e pela vacinação dos mesmos imunógenos SBm 7462 + SBbo 23290 na mesma dose (Tratamento II). Todos os animais foram inoculados três vezes, via subcutânea, com intervalos de trinta dias. O desafio foi feito 30 e 34 dias após a terceira inoculação, colocando-se 2000 larvas de Ripicephalus Boophilus microplus, livres de hemoparasitas, e posteriormente inoculando a cepa de Babesia bovis UFV1 - 9ª passagem, na concentração de 1x 106 Babesias/mL, respectivamente. Os resultados demonstraram que, ao longo do estudo, os animais vacinados das duas formas desenvolveram uma modificação das sub-populações de linfócitos presentes no sangue periférico. Dentre as populações de linfócitos estudadas houve um maior aumento para as sub-populações de células B CD21+. Por meio de um estudo da cinética de produção de Interleucina-4 avaliou-se a ativação de células sanguíneas mononucleares periféricas (PBMC) cultivadas após a vacinação dos animais e previamente estimuladas juntamente com os peptídeos sintéticos SBbo 23290 e SBm 7462 .Os resultados da produção de IL-4 apresentaram baixos níveis para os grupos Tratamento I, Tramento II e Saponina.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:31:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_regina_celis_pereira_reiniger.pdf: 329158 bytes, checksum: 6caf8cc77973c7a12a10801deeda4e26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-15 / The presence of anti-Babesia bovis and anti-B. bigemina immunoglobulins (IgG class) were evaluated, by indirect fluorescent antibody test, in bovine sera from a naturally tick-infected beef cattle herd. Samples were collected from 31 heifers, from 13 to 24 months of age, from a farm located South of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Blood samples were monthly collected followed by observing the presence of Boophilus microplus ticks in cattle. Climatic data were also observation. Mean temperature and relative humidity showed to be higher than their climate normal (1971-2000), allowing constant tick infestations throughout the year. Serologic tests showed that 100% of the animals remained positive for B. bigemina during the experimental period. For B. bovis, however, this condition was only reached from 17 months of age onwards, after the classical third tick generation infestation (autumn). These results showed that the enzootic stability was maintained in this farm, as observed earlier when these same animals were monitored in their first year of age. This epidemiological condition being unusual for this region. The experimental animals showed lower anti-B. bovis (P=0,0002) and anti-B. bigemina (P<0,0001) specific-immunoglobulins when compared to their first year averages. Anti-B. bigemina specific-immunoglobulins were significantly higher than anti-B. bovis specific-immunoglobulins (P=0,0001). These results reveal a situation of enzootic stability in geographical areas early described as of enzootic instability for cattle babesiosis, and provide information to better understand the high frequency of B. bovis outbreaks in this region. / Avaliou-se, através da reação de imunofluorescência indireta, a presença de imunoglobulinas (classe IgG) anti-Babesia bovis e anti-Babesia bigemina no soro de 31 bovinos de um rebanho de corte naturalmente infectado, dos 13 aos 24 meses de vida, em uma propriedade localizada ao sul do Rio Grande do Sul. As coletas mensais de sangue foram acompanhadas de observação da presença do Boophilus microplus, bem como de dados climatológicos durante o ano do experimento. A temperatura e a umidade relativa do ar mantiveram-se superiores às normais ao longo do ano, favorecendo a constância do carrapato no rebanho. A sorologia revelou que 100% dos bovinos mantiveram-se positivos para B. bigemina durante todo o período experimental, enquanto para B. bovis, esse índice só foi obtido a partir dos 17 meses de idade, após a infestação pela terceira geração de carrapatos (outono). Isso revela que foi mantida a situação de estabilidade enzoótica na propriedade, constatada durante o primeiro ano de vida destes animais, o que é atípico para região. Os bovinos mantiveram títulos de anticorpos significativamente inferiores aos observados durante o seu primeiro ano de vida, tanto para B. bovis (P=0,0002) como para B. bigemina (P<0,0001). A titulação de anticorpos para B. bigemina foi significativamente (P=0,0001) superior à verificada para B. bovis. Os resultados obtidos revelam a existência de situação de estabilidade enzoótica em uma área de instabilidade enzoótica para a babesiose bovina, e fornece subsídios para o entendimento da maior freqüência de casos clínicos causados por B. bovis na região.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:32:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_marcelo_gotze.pdf: 556489 bytes, checksum: cb0ceeb57d3c58da117f1a655a510d0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-18 / Bovine babesiosis caused by Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina, is the most important disease transmitted by Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in tropical and subtropical areas in South America. Definitive diagnosis can be made by detecting infected erythrocytes in blood smears. However, the parasitemia in peripheral blood is often too low for this method to be used for diagnostic purposes. For this reason, several serological tests, including complement fixation, indirect hemagglutination and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) have been used to detect antibodies in infected cattle. Although these tests allow the detection of persistently infected animals, they have limitations in specificity and/or sensitivity. The IIF has been the most sensitive, but cross-reactivity between species, subjective interpretation, and low production has limited its usefulness. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have found wide application in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. The cELISA format (competitive) can provide an additional level of specificity, because the antibody is directed to a single epitope, specific for the organism to be detected. For these reasons, this study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of cELISA compared to IIF and nested PCR (nPCR) for diagnosis babesiosis caused by B. bovis. Therefore, blood samples were collected from cattle in Brazil and Argentina, and processed for the diagnosis of B. bovis. The nPCR was used as the gold standard to validate the cELISA and the IIF as a comparative test. The cELISA for the diagnosis of B. bovis presented is easily processed with high levels of sensitivity and specificity. It is easily performed in a high number of samples, making it useful in cases of outbreaks of bovine babesiosis. / A babesiose bovina, causada por Babesia bovis e Babesia bigemina, é a doença mais importante transmitida por carrapatos Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus em áreas tropicais e subtropicais da América do Sul. O diagnóstico definitivo pode ser feito através da detecção de eritrócitos infectados em esfregaços sanguineos, porém a parasitemia em sangue periférico é frequentemente muito baixa para que esse método seja utilizado de forma confiável para fins de diagnóstico. Por esse motivo, vários testes sorológicos, incluindo a fixação de complemento, hemaglutinação indireta e imunofluorescência indireta (IIF) têm sido usados para detectar anticorpos em bovinos infectados. Embora estes testes permitam a detecção de animais persistentemente infectados, eles têm limitações na especificidade e/ou sensibilidade. O IIF tem sido o mais sensível, mas a reatividade cruzada entre as espécies, interpretação subjetiva, e baixa produção tem limitado a sua utilidade. Os ELISA têm encontrado ampla aplicação no diagnóstico de doenças infecciosas. O formato cELISA (competitivo) pode fornecer um nível adicional de especificidade, pois o anticorpo é dirigido para um epitopo único específico para o organismo a ser detectado. Por estas razões, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a sensibilidade e especificidade do cELISA comparado com IIF e nested PCR (nPCR) para diagnóstico de babesiose causada por B. bovis. Para tanto, amostras de sangue bovino foram coletadas no Brasil e na Argentina e processadas para o diagnóstico de B. bovis. Utilizou-se o nPCR como teste padrão para a validação do cELISA, e a IIF como teste comparativo. O cELISA para diagnóstico de B. bovis apresentou-se de fácil processamento, com altos níveis sensibilidade e especificidade, além da rapidez no processamento de amostras em larga escala, sendo de grande utilidade para casos de surtos de babesiose bovina

Babesia bovis outbreaks were reported in cattle alleged to be immunised with the commercially available live-blood vaccine in the Swartberg region of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and an investigation into the nature of parasites causing the outbreaks was carried out. The H isolate was obtained from a clinically ill animal on the Haistings farm and characterised using BvVA1 and Bv80 size analysis coupled with Bv80 and 18S rRNA V4 hypervariable region sequence analysis. In total, four South African B. bovis isolates were analysed: the vaccine stock (S) at passage 11 and 23 and field isolates H and F. The S23 strain used to infect vaccine donor animals could not be detected in the H isolate and could not be responsible for the severe disease symptoms observed in the field animals. Sequence profiles of the Bv80 and 18S rRNA V4 hypervariable regions for all detectable strains were compiled and now serve as a basis for the investigation of future babesiosis outbreaks. It was determined that the Bv80 PCR is not able to detect animals at the carrier stage of infection and that non-specific primer binding to Boophilus microplus and Boophilus decoloratus tick DNA occurs. For this reason, the Bv80 PCR is not suitable for investigating the nature of B. bovis infections in ticks. The BvVA1 PCR reaction required extensive optimisation and did not detect all strains present in the isolates and was therefore not used as a basis for strain discrimination. Microaerophilous stationary phase cultures of the vaccine strain at passage 24 (S24) and the H strain were initiated as a potential source of soluble parasite antigens. Continuous cultivation was not possible despite the alteration of a number of conditions. Currently there is no culture adapted B. bovis strain in South Africa and the availability of such a strain would form the basis of studies on the development of alternative vaccines. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Veterinary Tropical Diseases / unrestricted

Medicinal turpentine has been used extensively in the eastern Free State and KwaZulu-Natal in the belief that it is able to prevent and treat redwater in cattle. A number of commercial beef farmers have been using it for many years and the information has been passed down through generations. Redwater is often a fatal disease in cattle and results in losses of large numbers every year in South Africa. In this study redwater is used to describe both Babesia bigemina (African redwater) and Babesia bovis (Asiatic redwater). Redwater is also known as babesiosis. Medicinal turpentine is obtained by the distillation of resin obtained from numerous pine tree species as a by-product during the production of chemical wood pulp9,72. The use of turpentine for the treatment of redwater is, however, yet to be scientifically validated. This study was initiated in an attempt to investigate the validity in the use of the turpentine as a medicinal agent. For this study the use of turpentine was evaluated in three parts. The first component of the study involved a detailed survey with ten commercial farmers from KwaZulu-Natal and the eastern Free State who were known to be proponents for the use of turpentine. The second part of the study made use of a screening assay of Babesia caballi in a red cell culture which was exposed to various concentrations of turpentine in comparison to Diminazene and Imidocarb. Both of these drugs are used on a large scale in the conventional treatment of redwater and are at this point in time the most effective treatments available in South Africa. In the third part a tolerance study was undertaken. Twenty four cattle were treated with turpentine. Three different volumes were used and a control group was treated with saline. Blood was then drawn from these animals at specified intervals and pre-determined parameters were measured. These included obtaining serum for Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina serology to determine whether the animals used had ever been exposed to either one of these parasites. Temperatures, weights, pregnancy status and injection site reactions were also monitored. From the information gathered farmers are using turpentine in a fairly consistent manner so it was relatively straight forward to design a treatment protocol for the tolerance study that could be representative of what was being done in the field. The cultures indicated that turpentine may have a delayed static effect on parasite growth or it may have an indirectly cidal effect. This effect was most obvious at certain concentrations. It was not seen with all the concentrations used in the cultures. The tolerance study revealed that a significant effect was seen in the protein levels and no deleterious effects were noted either in liver or kidney function. Further studies will need to be undertaken to determine the exact effect turpentine has on the immune response and whether this response is in fact adequate to protect animals from redwater. AFRIKAANS : Die gebruik van medisinale terpentyn is ekstensief in KwaZulu-Natal en die oos Vrystaat gebruik vir die voorkoming van beide Afrika en Asiatiese rooiwaterstamme. Hierdie gebruik is reeds geslagte lank vir die behandeling en voorkoming van rooiwater deur boere gebruik. Rooiwater is n toenemende probleem vir kommersiële boere en daar kom jaarliks groot veeverliese voor. Medisinale terpentyn is die byproduk van sekere denneboomspesies. Die harpuis verkry tydens die vervaardiging van houtpulp met die Kraftproses, word gedistilleer9,72. Tydens die ondersoek na die gebruik van terpentyn deur sekere boere is eerstens tien boere van KwaZulu-Natal en die oos Vrystaat betrek. ‘n Vraelys is opgestel waarin die betrokke boere oor die gebruik van terpentyn gevra is. Tweedens is kulture van Babesia caballi in die laboratorium gekweek en met verskillende konsentrasies van terpentyn behandel. Diminazene en Imidocarb is as die positiewe kontroles gebruik. Beide hierdie produkte word op groot skaal met sukses deur boere gebruik om beide rooiwaterspesies te bestry. Huidiglik is dit die mees effektiewe behandeling van rooiwater in Suid Afrika. Derdens is die verdraagsaamheidstudie onderneem en vier en twintig beeste is in die proef gebruik. Terpentyn is teen drie verskillende konsentrasies gebruik. Die kontrole groep is met soutwater behandel. Bloed is met verskillende intervalle van die beeste getrek en vooraf bepaalde parameters is vir meting gebruik. Dié oefening het ingesluit die verkryging van serum om te bepaal of die diere voorheen blootgestel was aan enige van die rooiwaterspesies. Temperatuur, gewigte, dragtigheidstatus en reaksie op die inspuitplekke is gemonitor. Die gegewens ingewin by die boere wat terpentyn gebruik, was voor die handliggend om toleransie daarvan in die praktyk te bepaal. Die kweking van die parasiete dui daarop dat verskillende konsentrasies van terpentyn die groei daarvan vertraag en moontlik vernietig. Hierdie effek is nie by al die konsentrasies waargeneem nie. Die toleransie studie het aan die lig gebring dat dit ‘n effek op die proteïenvlakke gehad het maar geen newe-effekte op die lewer en nierfunksie gehad het nie. Verdere studies sal onderneem moet word om te bepaal watter effek terpentyn op die immuunstelsel het en of dit genoegsaam is om diere teen rooiwater te beskerm. Copyright / Die gebruik van medisinale terpentyn is ekstensief in KwaZulu-Natal en die oos Vrystaat gebruik vir die voorkoming van beide Afrika en Asiatiese rooiwaterstamme. Hierdie gebruik is reeds geslagte lank vir die behandeling en voorkoming van rooiwater deur boere gebruik. Rooiwater is n toenemende probleem vir kommersiële boere en daar kom jaarliks groot veeverliese voor. Medisinale terpentyn is die byproduk van sekere denneboomspesies. Die harpuis verkry tydens die vervaardiging van houtpulp met die Kraftproses, word gedistilleer9,72. Tydens die ondersoek na die gebruik van terpentyn deur sekere boere is eerstens tien boere van KwaZulu-Natal en die oos Vrystaat betrek. ‘n Vraelys is opgestel waarin die betrokke boere oor die gebruik van terpentyn gevra is. Tweedens is kulture van Babesia caballi in die laboratorium gekweek en met verskillende konsentrasies van terpentyn behandel. Diminazene en Imidocarb is as die positiewe kontroles gebruik. Beide hierdie produkte word op groot skaal met sukses deur boere gebruik om beide rooiwaterspesies te bestry. Huidiglik is dit die mees effektiewe behandeling van rooiwater in Suid Afrika. Derdens is die verdraagsaamheidstudie onderneem en vier en twintig beeste is in die proef gebruik. Terpentyn is teen drie verskillende konsentrasies gebruik. Die kontrole groep is met soutwater behandel. Bloed is met verskillende intervalle van die beeste getrek en vooraf bepaalde parameters is vir meting gebruik. Dié oefening het ingesluit die verkryging van serum om te bepaal of die diere voorheen blootgestel was aan enige van die rooiwaterspesies. Temperatuur, gewigte, dragtigheidstatus en reaksie op die inspuitplekke is gemonitor. Die gegewens ingewin by die boere wat terpentyn gebruik, was voor die handliggend om toleransie daarvan in die praktyk te bepaal. Die kweking van die parasiete dui daarop dat verskillende konsentrasies van terpentyn die groei daarvan vertraag en moontlik vernietig. Hierdie effek is nie by al die konsentrasies waargeneem nie. Die toleransie studie het aan die lig gebring dat dit ‘n effek op die proteïenvlakke gehad het maar geen newe-effekte op die lewer en nierfunksie gehad het nie. Verdere studies sal onderneem moet word om te bepaal watter effek terpentyn op die immuunstelsel het en of dit genoegsaam is om diere teen rooiwater te beskerm. / Dissertation (MMedVet)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Production Animal Studies / unrestricted

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:38:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_alvaro_carlos_menezes_arteche.pdf: 1268541 bytes, checksum: 48cb8939395a534c09b30fdb0ec17ef9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-21 / This study analyzed, by reaction to indirect immunofluorescence and individual weighting, the levels of protection and weight-gain in beef calves from birth to the age of eight month, which received two doses of vaccine against tick fever and were maintained free from ticks, compared to naturally infested calves in extensive management conditions with continuous grazing in a rural property situated in the municipality of Santana do Livramento Espinilho / RS. Two groups were randomly gathered, n=30, from which Group I (test) was kept free from ticks from birth to weaning and received two doses of the attenuated, trivalent, refrigerated vaccine against tick fever. Groupe II (control) followed the property s traditional management, which reflects the one used in the region, allowing the tick infestation by the animals. Weight control was accomplished in the first day (d0) and in the last day of the experiment (d180). The serology revealed that 100% of the vaccinated animals presented titles equal to 1:5120 for the three parasites Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bovis e Babesia bigemina (p≤0,025), whereas in the control group the highest titles were 1:2560 in four animals for A. marginale, 1:1280 in four animals for B. bovis and 1:1280 in two animals for B. bigemina (p≤ 0,025). Group I got a mean weight-gain of 30,5 kg more than the control group at the end of the experiment (p≤0,025). The results obtained show that keeping animals free from tick, from birth to weaning, and maintaining them vaccinated against tick fever is safer, more efficient and economically and technically more advantageous than the traditional management system carrapateamento (natural tick infestation). / Avaliaram-se, pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) e de pesagens individuais, os níveis de proteção e ganho de peso de terneiros de corte do nascimento ao desmame com oito meses de idade que receberam duas doses de vacina contra tristeza bovina e foram mantidos livres de carrapatos em comparação a terneiros naturalmente infestados em condições de manejo extensivo com pastoreio contínuo em propriedade rural localizada no município de Santana do Livramento-Espinilho/RS. Formaram-se dois grupos aleatóriamente, n=30, sendo o GRUPO I (teste) mantido livre de carrapatos desde o nascimento até o desmame e com duas doses da vacina atenuada, trivalente e refrigerada contra tristeza bovina. O GRUPO II, controle, seguiu o manejo tradicional da propriedade, que reflete o da região, permitindo que os animais fossem infestados por carrapatos. As pesagens foram realizadas no primeiro dia do experimento (d0) e no último dia do experimento (d180). A sorologia revelou que 100% dos animais vacinados apresentaram títulos maiores ou iguais a 1:5120 para os três parasitos Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bovis e Babesia bigemina (p≤0,025) enquanto que no grupo controle os títulos máximos foram 1:2560 em quatro animais para A. marginale, 1:1280 em quatro animais para B. bovis e 1:1280 em dois animais para B. bigemina. Houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos (p≤0,025). O grupo I obteve 30,5 Kg a mais de ganho médio de peso que o grupo controle no final do experimento (p≤0,025). Com os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que é mais eficiente, seguro e vantajoso econômica e tecnicamente manter os animais livres de carrapatos, desde o nascimento até o desmame, e vacinados contra tristeza bovina, do que com o manejo tradicional carrapateamento .

Submitted by Cássio da Cruz Nogueira (cassionogueirakk@gmail.com) on 2017-05-15T11:44:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_PrevalenciaSorologicaMolecular.pdf: 861713 bytes, checksum: ffddee7491410356b82fbbbef16f58ea (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2017-05-17T12:36:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_PrevalenciaSorologicaMolecular.pdf: 861713 bytes, checksum: ffddee7491410356b82fbbbef16f58ea (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-17T12:36:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_PrevalenciaSorologicaMolecular.pdf: 861713 bytes, checksum: ffddee7491410356b82fbbbef16f58ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-26 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a prevalência sorológica e molecular de Babesia bovis e Babesia bigemina em búfalos da Ilha de Marajó, estado do Pará, Brasil. Foi utilizado o Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimático indireto (ELISAi) com antígeno total contendo proteínas de superfície externa e a Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase quantitativa (PCRq), envolvendo o uso de SYBR Green com base na amplificação de um pequeno fragmento de gene do citocromo b. A prevalência de animais positivos no ELISAi para B. bovis, B. bigemina e para infecção mista foi de 24.87% (199/800), 20.75% (166/800) e 18.75% (150/800), respectivamente. Na PCRq foi detectado a presença de B. bovis em 15% (18/199) e de B. bigemina em 16% (19/199) dos animais, sendo que destes, 58% (11/19) apresentavam-se co-infectados pelos dois agentes. Os resultados mostram uma baixa prevalência de anticorpos anti-B. bovis e anti-B. bigemina em búfalos da Ilha do Marajó. Porém, observou-se que os agentes da babesiose bovina circulam em búfalos, podendo atuar como reservatório. / The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in water buffaloes of the Marajó Island, State of Pará, Brazil. We used an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), with total antigen containing proteins outer surface, and polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), involving the use of SYBR Green based on amplification of a small fragment of the cytochrome b gene. The prevalence of positive animals in iELISA to B. bovis B. bigemina and mixed infection was 24.87% (199/800), 20.75% (166/800) and 18.75% (150/800), respectively. Using the PCR, the presence of B. bovis was detected in 15% (18/199) and B. bigemina in 16% (19/199) of animals, and of these, 58% (11/19) presented co-infected by the two agents. The results show a low prevalence of an- tibodies anti-B. bovis and anti-B. bigemina in water buffaloes from Marajó Island. However, it was observed that the agents of bovine babesiosis circulate in buffaloes, and these may act as reservoirs.