Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:20:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 76212.pdf: 2566553 bytes, checksum: c32b051434099f1a2f6336b6ccce0517 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-04-04T00:00:00Z / Presents the reasons that lead Spanish banks to invest in the Brazilian banking sector and analyses the results of that strategy. Discuss the relationship among the global consolidation process in the banking sector, the strategies used by Spanish banks and the effects in the Brazilian banking system. Describes the Brazilian banking sector formation and its consolidation after the Real Plan. Analyses the internationalization of Spanish banks and the Latin America option. Discuss the expectations with the presence of foreign banks, the competition in Brazilian banking sector, and the Spanish banks results. / Apresenta as razões que levaram bancos espanhóis a investir no setor bancário brasileiro e analisa os resultados dessa estratégia. Discute a relação entre o processo de consolidação mundial do setor, as estratégias utilizadas pelos bancos espanhóis e os efeitos no sistema bancário brasileiro. Descreve a formação do setor bancário no Brasil e sua consolidação a partir do Plano Real. Analisa a internacionalização dos bancos espanhóis e a opção pela América Latina. Discute as expectativas criadas com a vinda dos bancos estrangeiros, a competitividade no setor e os resultados obtidos pelos bancos espanhóis.

The role that banks as key intermediaries play in the modern economy activities is unquestionable, it is admitted that banks remain one of the key financial intermediaries that provide a variety of services in the economy of every state. However, not all financial intermediaries have a significant impact on modern economies, only a stable and profitable banking sector can adequately play the role of financial intermediary in economy. The bank, as an intermediary in the modern economy must be profitable, and this profitability depends on a number of factors that are referred to in this study as determinants of bank profitability. The effect of internal and external determinants of the bank profitability in South Africa is the main focus of this study. It utilized annual time series internal and external data for the period 2001 to 2013. Quantitative approach methodology using secondary data and panel data technique to measure the impact of the determinants was used in the study. The sample consists of nine banks, followed for 12 years and sampled annually. The results for bank-specific consist of four statistically significant variables such as bank size, non-interest income and non-interest expense and credit risk and four non-significant variables (equity capital, loan, saving deposit, fixe term deposit) also the industry-specific consist only one significant variable (market concentration) while macro-economic determinants consist of three non-significant variables (economic growth, inflation, and lending interest rate). In conclusion, the empirical result shows that the bank specific factors are directly controlled by the Management thereby it has a positive correlation to the bank profitability while the industry specific (market concentration) also positively affects the bank profitability. However, the macroeconomic variables which are beyond the scope of management control were non-significant to profitability but show positive sign. Therefore, the variables which are significant affect positively the bank profitability, and the non-significant variables affect the bank profitability negatively. The findings were consistent with mixed results found in prior literature. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)

Bank capital has a critical role in banking business the world over. Capital is a principal aspect of regulation and will determine how long a bank remains in business from a regulatory point of view. Its cost and the regulatory amount have an impact on the competitiveness of an institution and will influence the rate of expansion of a bank. The contribution of capital to the profitability and survival of a commercial bank remain an unresolved empirical issue. Prior research on the relationship between capital and profitability has largely focused on developed economies, especially the USA, and Europe. However, the results have been inconclusive. There is no evidence of such kind of a research done to date that focuses on an emerging economy such as South Africa. The seemingly conflicting finding coupled with regulations imposing equity capital adequacy from the Basel 11 Accord present an opportune platform for further research on the relationship between capital and profitability. Using South Africa as a unit of analysis and using the Generalised Methods of Moments (GMM), and Panel Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS) or Pooled IV method as the estimation techniques, this study tested the hypothesis that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between bank capital and profitability. The results from the study provide evidence of a positive relationship between capital ratio (CAR), return on equity (ROE) and return on assets (ROA) and supported the generally held notion that there is a positive relationship between bank capital and profitability. This research output provided new insights into the long-run impact of bank capital on profitability and survival. From a bank specific strategic decision-making perspective, this would assist financial institutions and investors in tailoring investment decisions in response to policy decisions that relate to bank capital. From the public policy perspective, this would assist both governments and regulators in formulating better- informed policy decisions regarding the importance of bank capital. / Business Management / D. Com. (Business Management)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the perception of organizational justice and job stress on employees of public and private banking sector in Santa Maria. Therefore, the theoretical background focused on organizational justice and stress, with emphasis on work. A survey was conducted on 339 bank employees - 224 from public sector and 115 from private. A questionnaire was structure with sociodemographic questions and the instruments used were the Perception of Organizational Justice Scale (MENDONÇA et al., 2003), the Job Stress Scale (KARASEK, 1985; THEORELL, 1988; ALVES et al., 2004) and the reduced version of Effort-Reward Imbalance Scale (SIEGRIST et al., 1996, 2009; CHOR et al., 2008). Data were described using descriptive statistics, Cronbach alpha indicator, normality tests, Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, chi-square test, and Correspondence Analysis. Regarding the population, the profile of the respondents is the majority is married, receives monthly compensation above 10 minimum wages, is graduate, has never received a stress diagnosis, or medications used for this purpose. Concerning organizational justice, it was found that employees of private banks perceive higher justice than employees of public banks and justice scored higher in the interactional dimension in both sectors. Analysis of the Demand-Control Model of Job Stress Scale in the data of respondents from public sector revealed that 24.55% of respondents are in the "low distress" (ideal condition) and 37.40% fit in this situation in private banks. Social support was considered low for 66.52% of the respondents from public banks, indicating the effects of stress at work, and it was assessed as high for 60% of employees in private banks, what can mitigate the damage of stress. Regarding the Model Scale Effort-Reward Imbalance, 77.23% of respondents from public banks and 57.39% from private sector showed imbalance between high effort spent at work and the reward received. However, in the public sector, the consequences of stress might be reduced, because the excess of commitment was considered low for 54.91% of the respondents, whilst in the private sector, the variable was perceived as high for 51.30 % what can maximize the damage caused by stress. Regarding the scales of Demand-Control and Effort-Reward Imbalance, individuals from the public banks were more exposed to work stress and consequently showed higher risk of mental illness. According to the results, in public sector, perceptions of distributive, procedural and interactional justice showed significant relationships with the dimensions control and social support. Moreover, in private banks, the perceptions of distributive, procedural and interactional justice were associated with the dimensions of psychological demands and social support. Furthermore, in both sectors, all three dimensions of justice were related to the size reward. High perceptions of justice (distributive, procedural and interactional), "low distress" and "low DER" showed significant associations among them. Relationships among low perceptions of organizational justice (distributive, procedural and interactional) and "high distress" and "high DER" were also identified. Solely in public sector, low perceptions of distributive, procedural and interactional justice showed relationship with "passive job". Furthermore, the results of this research reveal that the perceived justice of employees contributes to the way of dealing with work situations and the factors that lead to stress, such as psychological demands and control, effort spent and the reward received. / O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi analisar a relação entre a percepção de justiça organizacional e o estresse no trabalho em colaboradores do setor bancário público e privado de Santa Maria. Desse modo, o referencial teórico abordou os temas justiça organizacional e o estresse, com enfoque no estresse no trabalho. Realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva, com estratégia do tipo survey. A população pesquisada foi 339 colaboradores bancários, sendo 224 do setor público e 115 do privado. Aplicou-se um questionário estruturado, contendo dados sociodemográficos. Os instrumentos utilizados foram a Escala de Percepção de Justiça Organizacional (MENDONÇA et al., 2003), a Escala de Estresse no Trabalho ou Job Stress Scale (KARASEK, 1985; THEÖRELL, 1988; ALVES et al., 2004) e a versão reduzida da Escala Desequilíbrio Esforço-Recompensa (SIEGRIST et al., 1996, 2009; CHOR et al., 2008). Os dados foram descritos por meio de estatística descritiva, indicador alfa de Cronbach, testes de normalidade, teste Mann-Whitney, teste Kruskal-Wallis, teste Qui-Quadrado e Análise de Correspondência. Pode-se verificar, em relação ao perfil dos colaboradores, que a maioria é casado, recebe remuneração mensal acima de 10 salários mínimos, possui ensino superior, não obteve diagnóstico de estresse, nem utilizou medicamentos para esse fim. Quanto à justiça organizacional, verificou-se que os colaboradores de bancos privados percebem maior justiça do que os de bancos públicos e que em ambos os setores foi identificada maior justiça na dimensão interacional. A análise do modelo Demanda-Controle da Escala de Estresse no Trabalho em bancos públicos constatou que 24,55% dos pesquisados encontram-se no baixo desgaste (estado ideal) e 37,40% enquadraram-se nessa situação em bancos privados. O apoio social foi considerado baixo para 66,52% dos pesquisados de bancos públicos, o que pode estar destacando os efeitos do estresse no trabalho, e avaliado como alto para 60% dos colaboradores de bancos privados, podendo amenizar os danos do estresse. Em relação ao modelo da Escala Desequilíbrio Esforço-Recompensa, 77,23% dos respondentes de bancos públicos e 57,39% de privados apresentaram alto desequilíbrio entre o esforço gasto no trabalho e a recompensa recebida. Contudo, no setor bancário público, as decorrências do estresse podem estar sendo reduzidas, pois o excesso de comprometimento foi considerado baixo para 54,91% dos respondentes, enquanto que, no setor bancário privado, essa variável foi percebida como alta para 51,30%, podendo maximizar os danos causados pelo estresse. Dessa forma, os indivíduos pertencentes aos bancos públicos apresentaram maior exposição ao estresse no trabalho e consequentemente maior risco de adoecimento psíquico, quando considerados os modelos Demanda-Controle e Desequilíbrio Esforço-Recompensa. De acordo com os resultados, em bancos públicos, as percepções de justiça distributiva, processual e interacional apresentaram relações significativas com as dimensões controle e apoio social. Por outro lado, em bancos privados, as percepções de justiça distributiva, processual e interacional se associaram com as dimensões demanda psicológica e apoio social. Além disso, nos dois setores pesquisados, as três dimensões de justiça se relacionaram com a dimensão recompensa. Pode-se perceber ainda que as altas percepções de justiça (distributiva, processual e interacional), o baixo desgaste e o baixo DER apresentaram significativas associações entre si. Foram identificadas também relações entre as baixas percepções de justiça organizacional (distributiva, processual e interacional) e o alto desgaste e o alto DER . Em bancos públicos as baixas percepções de justiça distributiva, processual e interacional apresentaram relações com o trabalho passivo dos colaboradores. Com isso, os resultados dessa pesquisa evidenciam que a percepção de justiça dos colaboradores contribui para a maneira de lidar com as situações de trabalho e, assim, com os fatores que levam ao estresse, como a demanda psicológica e o controle, o esforço gasto e a recompensa recebida pelo trabalho desempenhado.

The goal of this thesis is to analyze the approaches of countries in Central and Eastern European region towards their membership in the Banking Union. The selected topic has been investigated based on structural characteristics of the banking sectors of the impacted countries. The comparison of these characteristics resulted in identification of inconsistencies between the 2 standpoints (Opt-in and Opt-out). The thesis monitors the motivation of banks in choosing or changing the legal form of 'their' banks in host markets. The work identifies areas in which the host government can act to prevent banks from converting into branches, thus retaining the regulatory powers in local authorities. The thesis in the first 2 chapters maps the first and the second pillar of the Banking Union, Single Supervisory Mechanism and the Single Resolution Mechanism respectively. Furthermore, it summarizes the results of the European Central Bank in carrying out the Comprehensive Assessment exercise.

The main objective of my thesis is to analyze and compare reactions of Iceland and Ireland to financial and economic crisis as well as the aftermath of the crisis and the process of recovery as direct consequence of these reactions. Both states had financial sector couple of times bigger than their GDP before the crisis and after the fall of Lehman Brothers they ran into some serious difficulties. However, states chose very different approaches to deal with a situation. Ireland decided to bailout its banks despite the huge increase in public debt and cost of taxpayers' money. Iceland allowed its banks to default and backed only domestic deposits. In my thesis I also analyze the fact that Ireland is a member of euro area and therefore does not possess independent monetary policy and Iceland has independent floating currency and implications that these facts had during and after the crisis on development of countries. In the last chapter I am analyzing possibilities of future development of economies and potential risks and challenges that lie ahead of them.

The aim of thesis is to analyze the development of the national economy of Iceland in the period 1994-2013. In addition to the reasons for the collapse of the banking sector thesis examines the way the state handled the situation. The theoretical part deals with the theory of the national economy, the characteristics of the main macroeconomic aggregates, the current banking system and selected theories of the business cycle. The practical part presents economic and political characteristics of Iceland. It is followed by main analysis divided into two periods, each of which contains an analysis of the legal framework, institutional provision, development of key macroeconomic aggregates and a separate chapter devoted to the development of the banking sector. Research suggests that the overheating of the economy occurred due to the extreme expansion of the banking sector, expansionary fiscal policy and inappropriate monetary policy of the central bank. The State had to seek the help of the International Monetary Fund during the crisis. There has been introduction of capital controls to stabilize the exchange rate. The state let the banking sector go bankrupt and created new domestic banks. Subsequently fiscal indicators were stabilized, but not at the expense of the needy and households. The business cycle in Iceland is best described by the Financial instability hypothesis.

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo examinar el impacto de los procesos de fusión horizontal en el desempeño de la firma medido por el poder de mercado en el sector financiero peruano. Para ello, se deriva el Índice de Lerner estimando una función de costos translogaritmica y se examina el efecto de las fusiones de las entidades bancarias en dos tipos de periodicidad: efecto de corto plazo y largo plazo. El análisis se realiza mediante datos de panel, a nivel bancario, a través de modelos de efectos fijos, durante el periodo de julio de 2010 a diciembre 2019. Los resultados revelan que las entidades bancarias peruanas que han realizado un proceso de fusión horizontal en el corto plazo han aumentado su desempeño bancario en la industria financiera medido por el Índice de Lerner lo que explica la capacidad de las entidades fusionadas en modificar su comportamiento estratégico por defecto de la reorganización empresarial, el cual genera que incrementen su participación y tamaño en el mercado y puedan ejercer su poder de mercado por defecto de la estrategia. No obstante, el resultado de la contribución del efecto de la fusión en un periodo de largo plazo en el poder de mercado es negativa, lo cual enfatiza la coexistencia de factores asociados a nivel de empresa o por factores externos que dependen de la demanda. / The purpose of this document is to examine the impact of horizontal merger processes on the performance of the firm as measured by market power in the Peruvian financial sector. The Lerner Index is derived by estimating a translogarithmic cost function and the effect of the mergers of banking entities is examined in two types of periodicity: short-term and long-term effect. The analysis is carried out using panel data, at the bank level, through fixed effects models, during the period from July 2010 to December 2019. The results reveal that the Peruvian banking entities that have carried out a horizontal merger process have improved their banking performance in the financial industry measured by the Lerner Index, which explains the ability of the merged entities to modify their strategic behavior in a short term by defect of business reorganization, which causes the bank to increase its participation and size in the market and can exercise its market power by default of the strategy. However, the result of the contribution of the effect of the merger in a long-term period in market power is negative, which emphasizes the coexistence of associated factors at the company level or by external factors that depend on demand. / Trabajo de investigación

Uno de los estilos de liderazgo que ha tomado relevancia en diferentes compañías a nivel mundial es el Liderazgo Transformacional, debido a que se asocia directamente con la efectividad en el liderazgo. Por esto, en esta investigación se busca ver si existe una influencia del Liderazgo Transformacional en el Desempeño Laboral de los colaboradores del sector bancario de Lima Centro. Para fines de estudio de esta investigación, el análisis se realizó con un estudio correlacional con una muestra final de 505 personas, de los cuatro bancos más grandes de Perú. Con la finalidad, de corroborar las hipótesis planteadas, se utilizó un análisis de datos con una regresión lineal simple para el objetivo general y secundarios. Los resultados finales demostraron que en definitiva existe una relación positiva entre el Liderazgo Transformacional y el Desempeño Laboral. Estos nuevos hallazgos son de importancia para el Sector Bancario, a fin de que puedan lograr un mejor rendimiento en sus trabajadores. / One of the leadership styles that has become relevant in different companies worldwide is transformational leadership, because it is directly associated with leadership effectiveness. For this reason, this research seeks to see if there is an influence of transformational leadership on the job performance of employees in the banking sector of Lima Centre. For the purpose of studying this research, the analysis was performed with a correlational study with a final sample of 505 people, from the four largest banks in Peru. In order to corroborate the hypotheses, a data analysis was used with a simple linear regression for the general objective and multiple linear regression for the secondary objectives. The final results showed that there is definitely a negative relationship between Transformational Leadership and Work Performance. These new findings are of importance to the Banking Sector, so that they can achieve better performance in their workers. / Tesis

To cope with constant changes in the economic environment, organizations continuously strive to implement appropriate business models that will contribute to increased productivity, reduced costs and a competitive advantage. Organisations need however to choose among different business models and select the option that offer the greatest potential to improve their service delivery, reducing costs and enable them to focus on their core business. This study conceptualized the shared services business model, by focusing on key factors, such as the rationale for implementing a shared services unit over other business models, establishing the processes followed by the banking industry with the implementation of a human capital shared services model, identifying the advantages versus disadvantages of the implementation of the model and to provide recommendations for the development and implementation of shared services models within specific organisational context. The researcher conducted mixed method research to address the research problem which incorporated both qualitative and quantitative research. In the study research was conducted in three phases. During the first phase exploratory research was conducted, consisting of desk study research and industry reports as well as surveys, periodicals and academic publications.During the second phase qualitative research was conducted, through semi-structured interviews. Findings from this research phase were used during the third phase, which was a quantitative study, whereby information gathered from the interviews informed the design of questionnaires. It is evident from the results that there were many similarities between the analyses of the interviews and questionnaires in relation to the literature review. Many commonalities amongst the three banks were identified during the implementation process and in many instances corroborated statements by key authors during the literature review. Both the interviews and analysis of the questionnaires confirmed cost savings, improved customer services and standardization as benefits of a shared services model. It was concluded that the implementation of a human capital shared services model within the banking sector in South Africa contribute positively to each of the banks used in the sample, both from a cost perspective as improvement of efficiencies. It was further concluded that the processes, systems and people involved in the implementation process are critical to successful implementation. Based on the information gathered the researcher recommends that a project team be appointed from inception to finalization of the implementation of a shared services model, which will be required to deal with the planning phase, feasibility study and the full implementation plan relating to the implementation of the model. In practice, this study will provide shared services managers with insights with regards to the implementation process to be followed for implementing a human capital shared services model. It can also provide valuable insight to management with regard to important or key factors to consider, ensuring the effective implementation of the model. Findings of this study may also be extended to other organizations in South Africa, considering the implementation of the shared services model. / Graduate School for Business Leadership / M. Tech. (Business Administration)