The improvement of SISP practices has rapidly become one of the most critical issues facing many organisations, including banks. Globally, the banking sectors, including the Saudi one, have developed and implemented many IS strategies. Several systems have been executed to support the countries’ economies which have benefited from the increased trading resulting from the greater flexibility in time and costs associated with banking transactions. To continue these achievements and to improve SISP processes, several factors require careful investigation based on their relationship to SISP success; which include SISP objectives, SISP internal factors, external consultant functions, SISP external factors, measurements of SISP success, key stakeholders’ roles, and triggers. Therefore this study investigates the impact of these factors on SISP success. Data were collected in three phases. Phase 1 was an initial study with one or two interviews with the IT directors of each bank in the Saudi banking sector comprising the central bank and 11 commercial banks. The outcomes informed the development of a survey that was used in Phase 2; to investigate a sample containing a central bank, a domestic commercial bank and a domestic-foreign commercial bank to determine their SISP processes. 157 completed questionnaires were returned from the bank executives, business and IT directors and consultants. In Phase 3, 57 interviews confirmed and explained the quantitative results from Phase 2. Therefore, an in-depth case study was made in the three banks during Phases 2 and 3. The research results support previous findings on the SISP’s seventeen objectives collected by several researchers across different industries and in various countries. Furthermore, the research condenses these seventeen objectives into five more practical and achievable objectives for the banking sector. These are: 1) planning and deployment of information systems; 2) leading organisation changes; 3) improving stakeholders’ involvement and communication; 4) achieving the strategic priorities; and 5) alignment of organisational policies and architecture for business and IS. In addition, the findings identify the factors according to their relationship with SISP success and therefore explore several elements with positive, negative or no impact on SISP success in the banking sector. The thesis presents conclusions and suggests areas for further research.

Climate change presents financial risks for banks and must therefore be treated accordingly. To assess and manage these risks, banks are expected to apply scenarioanalysis and adopt the TCFD’s recommendations on climate-related risk disclosures. This study analyzes how climate scenario analysis is implemented and reported in the Swedish banking sector. Empirical data has been collected through interviews with six banks, as well as through public annual and sustainability reports. The results of the study indicate that banks are in a learning phase characterized by uncertainty and lack of data, resulting in careful considerations in making strategic decisions based on the scenario analysis and when disclosing climate related information. Thus, banks do not disclose their scenario analysis as transparently as the TCFD suggests, thereby affecting the comparability within the sector. Further improvements related to more accessible and granular data are needed. In addition, many banks consider this to be a governmental issue where regulations are beneficial for establishing standardized models and common practices, which in turn could increase transparency and comparability. / Klimatförändringar medför finansiella risker som banker behöver beakta. För att bedöma och hantera dem bör banker genomföra scenarioanalyser samt följa de rekommendationer som TCFD gett ut gällande klimatrelaterad rapportering. Denna studie ger en nulägesanalys av hur scenarioanalys implementeras och rapporteras inom den svenska banksektorn. Studien bygger på empirisk data från intervjuer med sex banker, samt från publika års- och hållbarhetsredovisningar. Resultatet av studien visar att bankerna är i en lärandefas präglad av osäkerhet, där bland annat datatillgänglighet är ett stort problem. Bristfälligheterna medför att bankerna är försiktiga med att fatta strategiska beslut utifrån scenarioanalyserna samt med vad de rapporterar publikt, vilket påverkar transparensen och jämförbarheten inom sektorn. Dessutom anser många banker att detta är en samhällsfråga där regleringar kan bidra till ökad standardisering av data och modeller samt etablering av gemensamma standarder, vilket även kan ha en positiv inverkan på rapporteringen och således öka transparensen och jämförbarheten inom sektorn.

The brand equity concept is one of the most significant concepts for branding and marketing and its model and measurement have interested many academics and practitioners. Most of the research on brand equity has focused on physical goods, with a dearth of studies on the service sector in general and particularly in the banking sector. The dearth of research in this area appears paradox as branding could be argued to play a distinctive role particularly in the service sector. This is because strong brands increase consumers' trust of the imperceptible purchase and reduce their perceived monetary, social, or safety risk in buying services, which are difficult to evaluate prior to purchase and for which it sometimes takes a long time after purchase to confirm the brand promise. Consequently, many scholars have called for an investigation of brand equity in the service sector. In addition, most of the research on brand equity has focused on developed countries which would suggest a regional focus on developing countries. To sum up, despite the importance of brand equity in the service sector, there is lack of empirical evidence in the service sector in general and specifically in the banking sector, particularly for developing economies. Furthermore, there is lack of studies that examined and compared service brand equity across bank type (local public, local private and foreign banks) to provide a benchmark especially for foreign banks. Contributing to scholarly attempts to fill the gaps in the brand equity literature. this thesis examines consumer-based brand equity (CBBE) in the Egyptian banking sector in general and based on each bank type: public, private and foreign. In addition, the study aims to find out the similarities and differences on brand equity based on bank type. The regional context of the study is Egypt As the largest Arab country and the entry point for the Middle East and Africa Egypt appeared to be of high practical relevance and be a suitable regional research context. Unlike previous researches, a mixed method approach was employed to achieve the research aims. Qualitative data was used to triangulate the quantitative data and gaining a richer understanding of the quantitative findings. Four hundred and sixty-eight self-administered questionnaires were collected by offline and online modes, and 14 semi-structured face-to-face interviews provided details about how consumers perceived consumer-based brand equity in Egyptian banking. Data was analysed using SPSS19. Different types of statistical applications were used, such as descriptive analysis, factor analysis and multiple regressions. Content analysis using NVivo10 software was used to analyse the interview data. The main findings reveal that CBBE is applicable in the Egyptian banking sector. The results show that brand awareness, reliable staff, brand association and brand loyalty are the most effective variables on overall value of brand equity in the Egyptian banking sector, while within public banks, reliable staff, brand association and brand loyalty have the most influence on the overall value of brand equity. However, private and foreign banks share the same variables which affect the overall value of brand equity; these variables are brand awareness, brand loyalty and brand personality. The findings reveal that there is a significant difference between public banks and private and foreign banks; however, there is no significant difference between private and foreign banks. The qualitative findings support and add meaning to the quantitative results. The current research contributes to knowledge in the field of service brand equity research and extend our understanding in developing economics and adding to the debate on the area of brand equity. Furthermore, it contributes methodologically by using mixed methods and mixed modes (offline and online). In addition, the study overcomes the limitations of previous studies in three ways. Firstly, different types of brand association were incorporated and real consumers were approached rather than relying on students’ samples. Secondly, perceived quality was measured using the SERVPERF scale, providing a more comprehensive quality measure than many studies. Thirdly, the data were collected from Egypt, which as a developing country establishes an underresearched regional context. Therefore, as is the case in many developing countries, there were many challenges involved in the data collection process. Based on the results, the study provides a number of pratical contributions: It offers a manageable scale ‘‘tool kit'' for managers in the banking sector, regardless of type of bank, to create, maintain and improve their brand equity. It also provides guidelines that public, private and foreign banks could use to compare their performance with competitors. The study emphasizes the importance of building and developing brand awearness for private and foreign banks. As the service encounter is the “moment of truth” and is one of the most important determinants of brand equity, public banks should place more emphasis on their internal branding as well as on external consumers. Top management should invest in cultivating their brand values to their employees, particularly front-line employees, as they will deliver them to consumers through the service encounter. Another interesting finding with practical relevance was that although the majority of banks in Egypt has online banking services, most of the study respondents did not use them, therefore they might be well advised to collaborate with the Central Bank of Egypt (CBE) to organise a campaign to cultivate trust in the country’s online banking infrastructure and promote the advantages of using it. Online banking could be one of the solutions to overcrowding and long queues in public banks and improve the quality of the service provided which will lead to consumers’ satisfaction and increase the level of brand equity. Most consumers of public banks perceived their banks as the only secure banks guaranteed by the Egyptian government. Similarly to promoting the use of online banking, there is a need to develop a better public awareness of the role of the CBE in supervising all banks in Egypt regardless of their type. This will ensure fair and equal opportunities for all banks, which will foster real competition and hence is argued to affect the quality of the service provided. Despite the research achieved its planned objectives, as any social research, it has certain constraints and limitations. These limitations could offer opportunities for future research to address. Firstly, due the lack of detailed information about the study population, this research used a convenience sample of induvadul commercial bank consumers in the Greater Cairo. Future research could employ probability sampling if possible. Moreover, future studies could cover more cities in Egypt, not only the Greater Cairo area (even though the focus on this area has been discussed and justified in the thesis). Secondly, although the importance of CBBE has been analysed mainly from a consumer perspective it might be useful to examine service brand equity from the points of view of employees (managers and front-line) in banks in order to gain a better and comprehensive understanding from both perspectives. Thirdly, while this study examined and compared CBBE in diffrent bank types (public, private and foreign) in Egypt. It is suggested that a comparison could be made based on the top bank in each types, as this could give more specific recommendations for these banks. Fourthly, due to limitations of time and funds, future reseach could examine and compare CBBE in different services sectors and in different countries. Fifthly, this study focused on commercial banks in Egypt in general without distinguish between Islamic and conventional banks. Therefore, future research could carefully distinguish between Islamic and conventional banks and compare CBBE across them to gain a better understanding of the differences and similarities. Sixthly, it could be worth comparing the CBBE of foreign banks when they operate overseas (e.g., Barclays Bank and HSBC).

The aim of this diploma thesis is to evaluate what influence has the ECB decision-making on the Eurozone economy and above all to consider the ECB's involvement in solving of the recent financial and persisting European debt crisis. First two chapters represent rather a theoretical part of the thesis, in which the author is dealing generally with the importance and the role of the ECB in the course of the European integration, including its origin, its management structure and internal decision-making process. The second chapter focuses in detail on the ECB's tasks and competencies with emphasise mainly on the monetary policy and on the clarification how a so called transmission mechanism enables the measures adopted within the monetary policy to transform into the real economy. There is also more elaborated the primary task of ECB which is to maintain the price stability. The second part of this thesis is more analytical and reflects current trends and development in the EU banking sector with an accent on the ECB's attitudes. The recent financial crisis is discussed in the third chapter together with the new regulatory rules. Financial crisis tend to have some joint characteristics like e.g. the source of their origin that often lies in an excessive and rapid loan expansion, in leverage increase,...

Den pågående digitaliseringen kan ses som en av de mest väsentliga omvandlingarna av det moderna samhället, vilket har påverkat stora delar av näringslivet och människors vardag. Digitaliseringen har bidragit till omfattande förändringar i hur organisationer bedriver sin verksamhet och en av de främsta utmaningarna anses vara relaterade till utformningen av affärsmodeller. En bransch som formats av digitaliseringen är banksektorn, där utvecklingen har accelererat de tio senaste åren. Den svenska banksektorn har genomgått en omvandling som kännetecknats av en övergång från hierarkiska och byråkratiska strukturer till att följa principer om öppenhet och flexibilitet. De fyra storbankerna har länge dominerat den svenska banksektorn men utmanas av digitala aktörer i allt större utsträckning. Föreliggande studie syftade till att beskriva och analysera svenska stor- och nischbankers syn på förhållandet mellan digitaliseringen och affärsmodeller, vilket även innefattade att identifiera drivkrafter till förändringar av bankernas affärsmodeller. Tidsramen för studien avgränsades till de tio senaste åren, det vill säga, mellan år 2009 och 2018. Studien tillämpade en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi och en fallstudie genomfördes. Studieobjekten utgjordes av storbankerna Handelsbanken, Nordea, SEB och Swedbank samt de digitala nischbankerna Avanza och Nordnet. Datainsamlingen genomfördes med hjälp av en metodtriangulering, vilket inkluderade elva semistrukturerade intervjuer och årsredovisningar. Vidare genomfördes analysen tematiskt med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Studiens resultat visade överlag på att samtliga banker hade genomgått stora förändringar i sina affärsmodeller, där det förekom både likheter och skillnader mellan stor- och nischbankerna. Drivkrafterna för ändring av bankernas affärsmodeller till följd av digitaliseringen var emellertid samma oavsett stor- eller nischbank. Bankernas affärsmodeller hade förändrats med avseende på kundinteraktioner, resurser, integration med externa partners samt intäktsströmmar och kostnadsstruktur. Avslutningsvis identifierades teknologisk utveckling, företagsstrategier och imitation, förändrade kundbeteenden, förändrade regelverk och nya aktörer som centrala drivkrafter för ändring av bankernas affärsmodeller till följd av digitaliseringen. / Digitalization has been one of the most transformative changes to our modern society. This shift has affected almost all aspects of daily life and extensively shaped how organizations operate. One of the most challenging aspects within digitalization is related to business models. The banking sector is a key example of an industry that has been continually shaped by digitalization. In the past decade, this development has rapidly accelerated and as a result, there is a need for banks to review their business models. The Swedish banking sector has been characterized by hierarchical and bureaucratic structures to follow principles of openness and flexibility. Four big banks have long dominated the Swedish banking sector; however, they are increasingly being challenged by digital players. This study aimed to describe and analyze how Swedish banks perceived the relationship between digitalization and business models, which includes identifying the driving forces behind the changes within banking business models. The study's timeframe was delimited to the last ten years, that is, from 2009 through 2018. A qualitative research strategy was applied in which a case study was conducted including four Swedish big banks (Handelsbanken, Nordea, SEB, and Swedbank) and two digital niche banks (Avanza and Nordnet). Data collection was carried out using a method triangulation, which included eleven semi-structured interviews combined with annual reports. The study was analyzed through a thematic qualitative content analysis. Overall, the study's results showed that digitalization has changed the business models of big and niche banks, both similarly and differently. Although, the driving forces behind the changes within the banking business models were similar regardless type of bank. Changes in the business models were primarily based on customer interaction, resources, integration of external partners, revenue streams and cost structure. Lastly, technological development, corporate strategy and imitation, changed customer behaviour, changed regulations and new market participants were identified as keydrivers for changing the banks’ business models as a result of digitalization.

Orientador: Carlos Eduardo Ferreira de Carvalho / Resumo: Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a trajetória da política de informática brasileira no final do século XX. O estudo identifica os atores centrais no processo de tomada de decisão e explora as razões da ascensão e queda da indústria nacional de computadores. O objetivo cen-tral é entender os fatores que levaram à crise e à mudança no caminho da informática brasilei-ra através do enfoque sobre o papel dos segmentos financeiros no final da década de 1980. Através da reconstrução histórica, o estudo correlaciona três grandes eixos analíticos: (i) res-trições estruturais da economia mundial; (ii) dinâmica política interna em relação às pressões internacionais; e (iii) implicações políticas geradas pela redefinição das preferências do setor financeiro nacional no setor de informática. Em conclusão, foram apresentados os resultados do processo para o posicionamento do Brasil na economia mundial no limiar do século XXI. / Abstract: This dissertation aims to analyze the trajectory of Brazilian informatics policy during the late twentieth century. The study identifies central actors in the decision making process and explores the reasons for the rise and fall of the national computer industry. The central objective is to understand the factors that led to the crisis and the change in the Brazilian informatics path by focusing on the role of financial entrepreneurs in the late 1980s. Through historical reconstruction, the study correlates three major analytical axes: (i) structural constraints of the world economy; (ii) domestic political dynamics towards international pressures; and (iii) the political implications generated by the redefinition of national financial sector preferences in the informatics sector. In conclusion, the results for the positioning of Brazil in the world economy at the threshold of the 21st century were presented. / Resumen: Esta tesis objetiva analizar la trayectoria de la política de informática brasileña a finales del siglo XX. El estudio identifica a los actores centrales en el proceso de toma de decisiones y explora las razones del auge y la caída de la industria nacional de la computación. El objetivo central es comprender los factores que llevaron a la crisis y el cambio en el camino de la informática brasileña centrándose en el papel de los empresarios financieros a fines de los años ochenta. A través de la reconstrucción histórica, el estudio correlaciona tres ejes analíticos principales: (i) limitaciones estructurales de la economía mundial; (ii) dinámica política doméstica hacia presiones internacionales; y (iii) las implicaciones políticas generadas por la redefinición de las preferencias del sector financiero nacional en el sector de informática. En conclusión, se presentaron los resultados del posicionamiento de Brasil en la economía mundial en el umbral del siglo XXI. / Mestre

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2018-08-09T19:11:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RoseMariTessimaDissertacao2018.pdf: 1081652 bytes, checksum: 7f7ef89d8ae46f3e8effe828853d2532 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2018-08-09T19:11:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RoseMariTessimaDissertacao2018.pdf: 1081652 bytes, checksum: 7f7ef89d8ae46f3e8effe828853d2532 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T19:11:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RoseMariTessimaDissertacao2018.pdf: 1081652 bytes, checksum: 7f7ef89d8ae46f3e8effe828853d2532 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / People with disabilities use banking services, however, in the empirical literature little evidence has been found linking the issue of the Person with disability and the accessibility with the offer of banking services. To characterize the theme, a literature review was carried out which emphasized: the technical standards. The legislation on Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities in the various segments of society. Their rights and obligations. The technological development that provides greater independence to the Person with Disabilities. Assistive technologies. Credit lines provided by banks for the acquisition of equipment, orthoses, prostheses and financing of architectural projects for residential accessibility. Banking applications for the segments of the Person with Disabilities. In this review it was found that there is a good evolution in the development of assistive technologies that seek to offer a better quality of life for the People with Disabilities. Brazil has good legislation regarding the rights and obligations of the Person with Disabilities, but there is still a way to be followed so that this legislation is understood, respected and fulfilled by Brazilian society, but this is a matter of cultural evolution that still lacks some time to consolidate. It was also found that there is a line of credit available to People with Disabilities, but it does not serve the entire population of people with disabilities. Banks are using technologies to provide care for this audience, such as screen reader, biometrics for customer identification, extracts in braille. Participants in the survey were People with Disabilities, with disabilities: physical, visual and auditory, who are clients of banks, not having been a profile of persons with associated disabilities. Having ascertained with the interviewees that they see their relationship with banks and banking products as "normal", not characterizing as good or bad, but very similar to what any ordinary citizen receives from banks, that many of his observations are common to other customers. / Pessoas com deficiência utilizam serviços bancários, entretanto, na literatura tem-se encontrado pouca evidência que relacione a questão da Pessoa com Deficiência e a acessibilidade com a oferta de serviços bancários. Para caracterizar a temática realizou-se uma revisão de literatura e análise documental que enfatizou: as normas técnicas; a legislação referente a Inclusão da Pessoa com Deficiência nos diversos segmentos da sociedade; seus direitos e obrigações; o desenvolvimento tecnológico que propicia maior independência a Pessoa com Deficiência; as tecnologias assistivas; linhas de crédito disponibilizadas pelos bancos para aquisição de equipamentos, órteses, próteses e financiamento de projetos de arquitetônicos de acessibilidade residencial; aplicativos bancários destinados ao segmento de Pessoa com Deficiência. Na análise, apurou-se que existe uma boa evolução no desenvolvimento de tecnologias assistivas que buscam oferecer melhor qualidade de vida para as Pessoas com Deficiência. Apesar do Brasil ter uma boa legislação no que se refere aos direitos e obrigações da Pessoa com Deficiência, ainda existe um caminho a ser percorrido para que esta legislação seja entendida, respeitada e cumprida pela sociedade brasileira, mas esta é uma questão de evolução cultural que ainda carece de certo tempo para se consolidar. Identificamos a existência de uma linha de crédito dedicada para as Pessoas com Deficiência, mas que não atende a toda esta população de pessoas com deficiência devido as regras de utilização. Observamos que os bancos estão utilizando novas tecnologias para oferecer atendimento para este público, tais como leitor de tela, biometria para identificação do cliente, extratos em braile. Participaram da pesquisa Pessoas com Deficiência, com deficiência: física, visual e auditiva, que são clientes de bancos, não tendo sido perfil pessoas com deficiência associada. Foi apurado junto aos entrevistados que eles vêm sua relação com os bancos e produtos bancários como “normal”, não caracterizando como bom nem como ruim, mas bem parecido com o que qualquer cidadão comum recebe dos bancos, que muitas de suas observações são comuns aos demais clientes.

Questo lavoro si compone di due parti. La prima parte, costituita dal capitolo primo, fornisce una comparazione teorica di due teorie economiche in ambito di dottrina monetaria, ovvero la teoria New Keynesiana e quella Post Keynesiana. Nella seconda parte, viene ideato e implementato attraverso il software un modello teorico macroeconomico di impostazione Post Keynesiana. L’argomento di analisi è il processo di cartolarizzazione – illustrato nel capitolo 2 – che è stato al centro della crisi finanziaria che ha colpito gli Stati Uniti nel 2007-2009. L’obiettivo del lavoro è quello di analizzare, attraverso la costruzione di un modello – esposto nel capitolo 3 – che utilizza la metodologia Stock-Flow Consistent, i collegamenti tra il settore finanziario e il mercato delle case al fine di stabilire la natura della crisi: si è trattato di una crisi trainata dalla finanza o dal comportamento delle famiglie? La novità del nostro lavoro consiste nella descrizione dettagliata nell’ambito dell’approccio Stock-Flow Consistent del comportamento delle banche private, assumendo una gestione attiva di bilancio da parte delle banche di investimento. / This work is basically divided into two parts. The first part – chapter 1 – provides a comparison between two theory of monetary economics: New Keynesian and Post Keynesian. The second part is represented by the elaboration and implementation of a theoretical macroeconomic model, grounded in Post Keynesian theory. The subject under investigation is the securitization process – illustrated in chapter 2 – which has been at the centre of the 2007-2009 crisis in the United States. The aim is to analyze, through the construction of an elaborate model – in chapter 3 – the links between the financial sector and the housing market and to assess the nature of the crisis: was the 2007-2009 financial crisis a households-led or a finance-led crisis? The novelty of our work is represented by the detailed description in the Stock-Flow Consistent approach of the private banking sector, assuming that investment banks carry out an active management of their balance sheets.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:20:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 76212.pdf: 2566553 bytes, checksum: c32b051434099f1a2f6336b6ccce0517 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-04-04T00:00:00Z / Presents the reasons that lead Spanish banks to invest in the Brazilian banking sector and analyses the results of that strategy. Discuss the relationship among the global consolidation process in the banking sector, the strategies used by Spanish banks and the effects in the Brazilian banking system. Describes the Brazilian banking sector formation and its consolidation after the Real Plan. Analyses the internationalization of Spanish banks and the Latin America option. Discuss the expectations with the presence of foreign banks, the competition in Brazilian banking sector, and the Spanish banks results. / Apresenta as razões que levaram bancos espanhóis a investir no setor bancário brasileiro e analisa os resultados dessa estratégia. Discute a relação entre o processo de consolidação mundial do setor, as estratégias utilizadas pelos bancos espanhóis e os efeitos no sistema bancário brasileiro. Descreve a formação do setor bancário no Brasil e sua consolidação a partir do Plano Real. Analisa a internacionalização dos bancos espanhóis e a opção pela América Latina. Discute as expectativas criadas com a vinda dos bancos estrangeiros, a competitividade no setor e os resultados obtidos pelos bancos espanhóis.

The role that banks as key intermediaries play in the modern economy activities is unquestionable, it is admitted that banks remain one of the key financial intermediaries that provide a variety of services in the economy of every state. However, not all financial intermediaries have a significant impact on modern economies, only a stable and profitable banking sector can adequately play the role of financial intermediary in economy. The bank, as an intermediary in the modern economy must be profitable, and this profitability depends on a number of factors that are referred to in this study as determinants of bank profitability. The effect of internal and external determinants of the bank profitability in South Africa is the main focus of this study. It utilized annual time series internal and external data for the period 2001 to 2013. Quantitative approach methodology using secondary data and panel data technique to measure the impact of the determinants was used in the study. The sample consists of nine banks, followed for 12 years and sampled annually. The results for bank-specific consist of four statistically significant variables such as bank size, non-interest income and non-interest expense and credit risk and four non-significant variables (equity capital, loan, saving deposit, fixe term deposit) also the industry-specific consist only one significant variable (market concentration) while macro-economic determinants consist of three non-significant variables (economic growth, inflation, and lending interest rate). In conclusion, the empirical result shows that the bank specific factors are directly controlled by the Management thereby it has a positive correlation to the bank profitability while the industry specific (market concentration) also positively affects the bank profitability. However, the macroeconomic variables which are beyond the scope of management control were non-significant to profitability but show positive sign. Therefore, the variables which are significant affect positively the bank profitability, and the non-significant variables affect the bank profitability negatively. The findings were consistent with mixed results found in prior literature. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)