Inauguraldiss. Phil.-hist. Fak. Bern, 1986.

Die teilweise oder gänzliche Zerstörung eines Geldzeichens (Banknote) wirft verfassungsrechtliche Fragen im Hinblick auf das Eigentumsgrundrecht auf. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass sich insofern die (frühere) deutsche Rechtslage von derjenigen in angloamerikanischen Ländern unterscheidet.

Finding an efficient method to detect counterfeit banknotes is imperative. In this study, we propose multiple kernel weighted support vector machine for counterfeit banknote recognition. A variation of SVM in optimizing false alarm rate, called FARSVM, is proposed which provide minimized false negative rate and false positive rate. Each banknote is divided into m ¡Ñ n partitions, and each partition comes with its own kernels. The optimal weight with each kernel matrix in the combination is obtained through the semidefinite programming (SDP) learning method. The amount of time and space required by the original SDP is very demanding. We focus on this framework and adopt two strategies to reduce the time and space requirements. The first strategy is to assume the non-negativity of kernel weights, and the second strategy is to set the sum of weights equal to 1. Experimental results show that regions with zero kernel weights are easy to imitate with today¡¦s digital imaging technology, and regions with nonzero kernel weights are difficult to imitate. In addition, these results show that the proposed approach outperforms single kernel SVM and standard SVM with SDP on Taiwanese banknotes.

海峽兩岸關係從敵對僵局到近年來炙熱化的開放互動，其中負責兩岸鈔券印製重責大任又同根同源的台灣中央印製廠與中國上海印鈔有限公司、北京印鈔有限公司，卻自1949年徐蚌會戰後隔岸相望迄今。除晚近能在少數國際鈔券會議或展覽中碰面外，雙方鮮少互動，目前仍同。尤其在中斷了62年的漫長歲月中，兩岸印鈔事業在長期分治後，各自的組織發展與經營模式演變有何異同，國內相關研究相當稀少，此乃為本研究的動機與目的。 本研究運用文獻分析法及深度訪談法，藉由兩岸印鈔企業文獻資料的文獻加以比較，其中歷史文獻為相當重要的連結。並透過訪談兩岸相多位關人士及對鈔券有深度研究的學者，佐以相關理論進行研究分析。 經由文獻與訪談分析後，本研究發現兩岸印鈔事業在企業組織、經營模式、企業文化等方面大多不同。透過本研究，可對中國大陸印鈔企業有更多的瞭解，並藉此能更深一層的瞭解中國大陸印鈔事業的運作情形，俾能為兩岸印鈔廠經營提供建議。 / In recent years, the cross-strait relationship between Taiwan (ROC) and China (PROC) has evolved from political hostility and stalemate into intense economic interactions. However, as the legal tender producers of both sides, Taiwan’s Central Engraving and Printing Plant (CEPP) and China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation (CBPM) are identically rooted while have been isolated from each other since the communist victory in 1949 in the Chinese Civil War. Except a few brief contacts during the international conferences or exhibitions, these two organizations barely have any interactions. To date, there is little study on the comparison between CEPP and CBPM with the focus on their organizational developments and business models, and thus motivates this research project. In this research, literature Analysis and In-depth Interview were used. We reviewed documents regarding CEPP and CBPM, especially by addressing the critical events and commonality between their historical documents. In addition, we interviewed the officials of CBPM who were invited to visit Taiwan and scholars who have profound knowledge in printing banknotes, security documents and government documents. Based on the documents and interviews, we analyze the organizational development and business models of CEPP and CBPM respectively with related theories. Through the analysis of the literature and interviews, this study found that the two sides of banknote printing career in business organization, business model, corporate culture, are mostly different. Through this research, we expect to have better understanding about CBPM and will be able to explain the rationale of its business model and the causality of its rapid organizational development. Consequently, this in-depth understanding should be helpful in providing CEPP with valuable references and suggestions.

Submitted by Morgana Andrade (morgana.andrade@ufes.br) on 2016-04-20T18:08:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Jandira Brandao.PDF: 3676451 bytes, checksum: f81e6261408c6c253ba5df2e649db174 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Barros (patricia.barros@ufes.br) on 2016-05-11T16:15:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Jandira Brandao.PDF: 3676451 bytes, checksum: f81e6261408c6c253ba5df2e649db174 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-11T16:15:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertação - Jandira Brandao.PDF: 3676451 bytes, checksum: f81e6261408c6c253ba5df2e649db174 (MD5) / CAPES, FAPES / Considerando o forte impacto social e financeiro causado pelas fraudes em documentos, principalmente o papel-moeda, e a diversidade de métodos empregados nas falsificações, sua crescente disseminação e sofisticação, é preciso desenvolver novas metodologias para análise de documentos que sejam sensíveis e não destrutivas, pois o material examinado precisa ser preservado na íntegra para continuidade dos processos judiciais. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver uma metodologia utilizando as técnicas de Microespectroscopia Raman e Microscopia de Força Atômica, que possibilite distinguir os documentos autênticos dos fraudados e determinar os meios empregados nas falsificações, de maneira confiável, com baixo tempo de análise e sem danos às amostras. Neste estudo foram utilizadas cédulas de R$100,00 e CNH’s autênticas e fraudadas, cédulas autênticas de dólar de diferentes valores (US $ 10,00 e US $ 20,00), e cédulas autênticas de € 5,00 de diferentes fabricantes; para cada tipo de amostra (autêntica e fraudada) foram utilizados três exemplares distintos. Todas as análises foram realizadas in situ, sem qualquer preparação das superfícies, utilizando microscópio confocal Alpha 300R WITEC do NCQP/UFES acoplado com microespectroscópio Raman e microscópio de força atômica, sendo selecionadas as mesmas regiões tanto nos documentos autênticos quanto nos fraudados. O trabalho foi dividido em duas partes. A primeira parte abordou a análise das amostras utilizando AFM, através da avaliação dos parâmetros de topografia, fase e rugosidade dos diferentes papéis utilizados na fabricação desses documentos. Os resultados obtidos por AFM permitiram diferenciar os documentos autênticos (com superfícies mais uniformes e regiões topográficas características para os elementos de segurança) dos fraudados (com superfícies mais irregulares e perfil topográfico semelhante em todas as regiões), discriminar o tipo de papel utilizado nas fraudes (propriedades físico-químicas semelhantes às do papel tipo Office), e ainda, distinguir entre cédulas autênticas produzidas por diferentes fabricantes (diferença nos valores de SSK e SKU). Na segunda parte foi abordada a análise das amostras utilizando RM, através da identificação dos pigmentos utilizados na confecção dos diversos documentos. Os resultados obtidos por RM permitiram distinguir os documentos autênticos (com predominância de bandas características para o carbon black, ftalocianina de cobre, diarileto e dióxido de titânio), dos fraudados (com predominância de fluorescência e bandas características do carbonato de cálcio utilizado no tratamento do papel comercial), além de identificar o tipo de impressão utilizada nas falsificações. A combinação das duas técnicas mostrou ser promissora para a análise forense de documentos, pois fornece resultados precisos e reprodutíveis, em pouco tempo e, principalmente, sem prejuízo ao material analisado. / Considering the strong social and financial impact caused by document forgery, especially banknote, and the diversity of methods used in the forgeries, their increasing spread and sophistication, it is necessary to develop new methods for document analysis that are sensitive and non-destructive, because the material examined must be preserved in its entirety for continuity of legal proceedings. The objective of this study was to develop a methodology using the techniques of Microspectroscopy Raman and Atomic Force Microscopy, which allows to distinguish the authentic documents of counterfeit, and to determine the means employed in the forgery, that is reliable, with low analysis time and undamaged the samples. This study used authentic and counterfeit banknotes of R$ 100.00 and CNH, authentic dollar banknotes of different values ($ 10.00 and $ 20.00), and authentic banknotes of € 5.00 from different manufacturers; for each sample type (authentic and counterfeit) were used three different copies. All analyzes were performed in situ without any surface preparation, using confocal microscope Alpha 300R WITEC of NCQP / UFES coupled with Raman microspectroscope and atomic force microscope, being selected the same regions in both the authentic and counterfeit documents. The study divided into two parts. The first part dealt with the analysis of samples using AFM, by assessing the topography parameters, phase and roughness of the different papers used in manufacturing these documents. The results obtained by AFM could differentiate the authentic documents (with smoother surfaces and topographical regions characteristics for the security features) of counterfeit (over uneven surfaces and similar topographic profile in all regions), discriminate the type of paper used for forgery (physicochemical properties similar to Office type paper), and also distinguish between authentic banknotes produced by different manufacturers (difference between SSK and SKU values). In the second part, we addressed the analysis of samples using RM, through the identification of pigments used in the preparation of various documents. The results obtained by RM possible to distinguish authentic documents (with a predominance of characteristic peaks for the carbon black, copper phthalocyanine, diarylide and titanium dioxide), of counterfeit (predominantly fluorescence and calcium carbonate bands characteristic of the commercial paper treatment), and identify the type of printing used in the forgeries. The combination of the two techniques has shown promise for the forensic analysis of documents because it provides accurate and reproducible results in a short time and, above all, without prejudice to the analyzed material.

Die teilweise oder gänzliche Zerstörung eines Geldzeichens (Banknote) wirft verfassungsrechtliche Fragen im Hinblick auf das Eigentumsgrundrecht auf. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass sich insofern die (frühere) deutsche Rechtslage von derjenigen in angloamerikanischen Ländern unterscheidet.