The main objective of this research is to study the affinities between Brazilian writer Graciliano Ramos (1892-1953) and French philosopher and writer Albert Camus (1913-1961). More precisely, we tend to explores the reflections of camusian revolt in three Ramos' prose works: Barren Lives (1938), Anguish (1936) and São Bernardo (1933). The literary and philosophical direction of existentialism is outlined at the beginning of the thesis. Therefore, the first chapter is devoted to an explanation of Camusian existentialism and his philosophical concept of revolt, not only in his philosophical works, but also in his novels. The subsequent chapter focuses on the life and work of Graciliano Ramos. Thereafter the three aforementioned Ramos' novels are analyzed in order to uncover in them motives of existentialism solitude, anguish, revolt against society ─ all of the more or less interlinked by the problem of incommunicability. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

A dissertação Vidas secas, do livro ao filme se propõe a fazer um estudo da estrutura e da questão narrativa das obras Vidas secas, livro de Graciliano Ramos e do filme homônimo de Nelson Pereira dos Santos, levando-se em consideração as diferenças entre os dois meios, os fenômenos decorrentes da adaptação, as circunstâncias de produção e a distância temporal entre as duas obras. A adaptação é mais uma questão de diálogo e admiração do que de diferenças fundamentais entre os autores. Mais do que ser apenas a adaptação de uma obra-prima da literatura nacional, a leitura cinematográfica que Nelson Pereira dos Santos fez de Vidas secas de Graciliano Ramos quis também ser uma intervenção na conjuntura política contemporânea, nesse caso como parte do debate então vigente sobre a reforma agrária e a estrutura social brasileira na década de 1960. O que pretendemos com esta dissertação é, valendo-se de diversos embasamentos teóricos ligados aos Estudos Comparados e à Literatura Comparada, chegar a uma leitura analítica focada na compreensão da construção das duas formas narrativas de Vidas secas: romance (livro / narrativa original / linguagem literária) e filme (produto final de uma releitura audiovisual / linguagem cinematográfica / The dissertation Barren Lives, from book to film aims to comparatively study the structure and the issue of narration in Graciliano Ramoss book Vidas secas and in Nelson Pereira dos Santos film Vidas secas, taking into consideration the differences between literature and film, the patterns created by the process of adaptation, the circumstances within which the two works were produced and the temporal lap between the two pieces. Adapting a book into film is, in our opinion, much more a matter of admiration and dialogue than of establishing differences between one piece of work and the other. More than an adaptation of one of the Brazilian contemporary literatures masterpieces into film, the cinematic reading of Vidas secas made by Nelson Pereira dos Santos also aimed to intervene in its contemporary Brazilian political life, especially in the debate concerning the land ownership and the Brazilian social structure in the 1960s. In this dissertation, our aim is to build up an analytical reading of these two works, based on some concepts from Comparative Studies and Comparative Literature, trying to better understand the two pieces different structures, the books original literary narrative and the films cinematic narrative, considering the latter a result of an audiovisual comprehension and re-creation of the first.

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Understanding how populations are structured and how they use natural and anthropogenic spaces is essential for effective wildlife management. A total of 510 barren-ground (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus), 176 boreal (R. t. caribou), 11 mountain woodland (R. t. caribou), and 39 island (R. t. groenlandicus x pearyi) caribou were tracked with satellite collars in 1993-2009 in the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and northern Alberta. Using satellite location data and hierarchical and fuzzy cluster analyses, I verified that Cape Bathurst, Bluenose-West, Bluenose-East, Bathurst, Beverly, Qamanirjuaq, and Lorillard barren-ground subpopulations were robust; the Queen Maude Gulf and Wager Bay barren-ground subpopulations were distinct. Dolphin and Union island caribou formed one population; boreal caribou formed two distinct subpopulations. Females in robust subpopulations were structured by strong annual spatial affiliation; those in distinct subpopulations were spatially independent and structured by migratory connectivity, movement barriers, and/or habitat discontinuity. An east-west cline in annual-range sizes and path lengths supported the subpopulation structure identified for migratory barren-ground caribou. I analyzed satellite location data to determine parturition dates and activity periods for all caribou ecotypes. For parturition dates I found a north-south cline for boreal caribou, west-east cline for migratory barren-ground caribou, and ecotype and subspecies clines for boreal and barren-ground caribou. Based on annual changes in movement rates I identified eight activity periods for boreal and tundra-wintering, 10 for mountain woodland, and 12 for migratory barren-ground caribou. Based distribution and movements, boreal caribou avoided seismic lines during periods when females and calves were most vulnerable to predators or hunters. They crossed fewer seismic lines and travelled faster when they crossed them than expected. Caribou avoided areas ≤400 m from seismic lines where they could space away from them suggesting that they perceive these as risky areas. I defined secure habitats as areas that were >400 m from anthropogenic linear features. Population growth rates were higher in areas where they had access to secure unburned habitat and where most of that was in patches >500 km2. Critical habitat for boreal caribou is a habitat state that provides “security” from predation risk and facilitates the effectiveness of their anti-predator strategies. / Ecology

[Truncated abstract] The realization in 1999 that the authigenic phosphate, xenotime, could be used in geochronological studies to place age constraints on burial events that affected sedimentary basins has opened numerous opportunities for establishing timeframes for sedimentary basin analysis. Since then, the mineral has been used to place new and novel age constraints on diagenesis, metamorphism, and hydrothermal alteration and mineralization events. Whilst these studies were successful, they identified many complexities in xenotime growth and were restricted to specific areas or single basins: they do not convey, demonstrate or explore the immense variety of geological applications in which xenotime may provide unique geochronological constraints. This thesis explores the nature of authigenic xenotime, utilizing studies in three different Proterozoic sedimentary basins: two in Australia, southwestern Australia and the Northern Territory, and the third in the United States of America. The thesis includes a number of discrete studies demonstrating different aspects of xenotime growth, elucidated from detailed petrography, geochronology and geochemistry of authigenic xenotime. An integrated textural, geochemical and geochronological study of authigenic xenotime from the Mt Barren Group, SW Australia, establishes an absolute timescale on some of the many processes involved during the diagenesis of siliciclastic units. ... positions and trends and broadly confirm the chemical discrimination criteria established for an Archaean basin. However, the Proterozoic data are shifted to lower Gd-Dy values and extend beyond the original field outlines, causing more overlap between fields intended to discriminate xenotimes of different origin. The plots were revised to encompass the new data. This study has significantly extended our knowledge of the nature of authigenic xenotime. It was found that xenotime may form in (meta)sediments in response to a large number of post-depositional processes, including early- and latediagenesis, (multiple) basinal hydrothermal events and low-grade metamorphism. A combination of detailed petrography and in situ geochronology provides the best avenue to decipher complex growth histories in xenotime. With further development, it is likely that xenotime geochemistry will also prove diagnostic of origin and can be incorporated into the interpretation of age data. The number of potential applications for xenotime geochronology has been expanded by this study.

A dissertação Vidas secas, do livro ao filme se propõe a fazer um estudo da estrutura e da questão narrativa das obras Vidas secas, livro de Graciliano Ramos e do filme homônimo de Nelson Pereira dos Santos, levando-se em consideração as diferenças entre os dois meios, os fenômenos decorrentes da adaptação, as circunstâncias de produção e a distância temporal entre as duas obras. A adaptação é mais uma questão de diálogo e admiração do que de diferenças fundamentais entre os autores. Mais do que ser apenas a adaptação de uma obra-prima da literatura nacional, a leitura cinematográfica que Nelson Pereira dos Santos fez de Vidas secas de Graciliano Ramos quis também ser uma intervenção na conjuntura política contemporânea, nesse caso como parte do debate então vigente sobre a reforma agrária e a estrutura social brasileira na década de 1960. O que pretendemos com esta dissertação é, valendo-se de diversos embasamentos teóricos ligados aos Estudos Comparados e à Literatura Comparada, chegar a uma leitura analítica focada na compreensão da construção das duas formas narrativas de Vidas secas: romance (livro / narrativa original / linguagem literária) e filme (produto final de uma releitura audiovisual / linguagem cinematográfica / The dissertation Barren Lives, from book to film aims to comparatively study the structure and the issue of narration in Graciliano Ramoss book Vidas secas and in Nelson Pereira dos Santos film Vidas secas, taking into consideration the differences between literature and film, the patterns created by the process of adaptation, the circumstances within which the two works were produced and the temporal lap between the two pieces. Adapting a book into film is, in our opinion, much more a matter of admiration and dialogue than of establishing differences between one piece of work and the other. More than an adaptation of one of the Brazilian contemporary literatures masterpieces into film, the cinematic reading of Vidas secas made by Nelson Pereira dos Santos also aimed to intervene in its contemporary Brazilian political life, especially in the debate concerning the land ownership and the Brazilian social structure in the 1960s. In this dissertation, our aim is to build up an analytical reading of these two works, based on some concepts from Comparative Studies and Comparative Literature, trying to better understand the two pieces different structures, the books original literary narrative and the films cinematic narrative, considering the latter a result of an audiovisual comprehension and re-creation of the first.

This dissertation is mainly based on the reading of three American novels to explore how female characters deal with their illegitimate pregnancies and how their solutions re-shape their futures and affect their inner growth. Chapter 1 discusses Dorinda Oakley's premarital pregnancy in Ellen Glasgow's Barren Ground and draws the circle of limits from Barbara Welter's "four cardinal virtues" (purity, submissiveness, domesticity, and piety) which connect to the analogous female roles (daughter, sister, wife, and mother). Dorinda's childless survival reconstructs a typical household from her domination and absence of maternity. Chapter 2 examines Ántonia Shimerda's struggles and endurance in My Ántonia by Willa Cather before and after Ántonia gives birth to a premarital daughter. Ántonia devotes herself to being a caring mother and to looking after a big family although her marriage is also friendship-centered. Chapter 3 adopts a different approach to analyze Charlotte Rittenmeyer's extramarital pregnancy in The Wild Palms by William Faulkner. As opposed to Dorinda and Ántonia who re-enter domesticity to survive, Charlotte runs out on her family and dies of a botched abortion. To help explain the aftermath of illicit pregnancies, I extend or shorten John Duvall's formula of female role mutations: "virgin>sexually active (called whore)>wife" to examine the riddles of female survival and demise. The overall argument suggests that one way or another, nature, society, and family are involved in illegitimately pregnant women's lives, and the more socially compliant a pregnant woman becomes after her transgression, the better chance she can survive with her baby.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:32:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao de Jose Aparecido LIma Dourado.pdf: 1724723 bytes, checksum: 1e57253763a099fe6826e5510bf00ac9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-14 / The present dissertation has as objective to understand the occurred transformations in the agriculture of Release of Ours Lady (BA) from the implantation of the Project of Irrigation of the Valley of the River Brumado, in the decade of 1980, and it s unfolding as for the capital relation versus work in the mangoculture. The choice of the clipping space-weather took in consideration the action of the Politics of Irrigation for the Northeast in the local space, when the State search s through the infrastructure availability to modernize the territory and thus to supply the adequate conditions so that the great capital can be territoriality. The territorilization of the great capital in Release of Ours Lady occurs through the agro business centered in the fruit farming irrigated based in the mango production. In this direction, the new space dynamic in the field how much in the city, decurrent of the functionality become in such a way evident that the city assumes as fruit farming producing polar region. The farming s directed toward the production of sorts of first necessity had started to occupy each time little space and, on the other hand, the mangoculture has verified a considerable growth, placing the city as an importer of basic products of the feeding as it is the case of the rice and the beans. The methodology used during the research was correct in the qualitative boarding. In the theoretical referential we argue the concepts of campesinato and work in the context of the implantation of the projects of irrigation in Brazilian Half-Barren, based in the studies on the simulation of the campesinato while product of the different and combined development of the capitalism. Problematic on who is the benefited ones with the actions of the Politics of north-eastern implemented Irrigation half-barren, in order to bring to a bob the contradictions and movements that permeate such actions, whose resulted they have camouflaged for the State to take care of to the demands of the financial capital. In this context we defend the importance to think the citizens that live in Brazilian Half-Barren from its singularity, having for this the necessity to search to appraise this citizen as caatingueiro peasant for recognizing that its way of life, in its different aspects (cultural, social and economic) differs significantly from the called citizens of sertanejos . With the insertion of the agrobusiness of the mango in the city one witnessed deep transformations in the relations of work in the field, as almost the extinguishing of not capitalist relations of production (partnership and would mearia ) to the step that had an intensification of the salaried. The exploration on urban peasants and workers has increased, being that the presence of the contractors cats has contributed for in such a way, finding these busy ones temporarily in activities in the farmings, sheds and packing houses, in its majority without having guaranteed the labor laws, has seen that they work as buoy-cold and day-workers without register in wallet and under precarious conditions of work. / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo compreender as transformações espaciais ocorridas na agricultura de Livramento de Nossa Senhora (BA) a partir da implantação do Projeto de Irrigação do Vale do Rio Brumado, na década de 1980, e seus desdobramentos no que se refere à relação capital versus trabalho no agronegócio da manga. A escolha do recorte espaço-temporal levou em consideração as ações da Política de Irrigação para o Nordeste Semiárido, pela qual o Estado buscou, através da disponibilidade de infraestrutura, modernizar o território e, assim, fornecer as condições adequadas para o capital territorializar-se. A territorilização do capital em Livramento de Nossa Senhora ocorre através do agronegócio fruticultor exportador de manga. Nesse sentido, tornam-se evidentes as novas dinâmicas espaciais tanto no campo quanto na cidade, decorrentes da funcionalidade que o município assume como polo produtor frutícola. As lavouras voltadas para a produção de gêneros de primeira necessidade passaram a ocupar cada vez menos espaço e, em contrapartida, a mangicultura tem tido um crescimento considerável, situação que coloca o município como um importador de produtos básicos da alimentação, como arroz e feijão. A metodologia utilizada na pesquisa esteve pautada na abordagem qualitativa, compreendendo diversos instrumentos de coleta de dados, tais como entrevistas, diário de campo, registro fotográfico e relatos orais. No referencial teórico, discuti-se os conceitos de campesinato e trabalho no contexto da implantação dos projetos de irrigação no Nordeste semi-árido, com base nos estudos sobre a recriação do campesinato enquanto produto do desenvolvimento desigual e combinado do capitalismo. Questionou-se quem são os beneficiados com as ações da Política de Irrigação implementada no Nordeste semi-árido, de modo a trazer à tona as contradições e movimentos que permeiam tais ações, cujos resultados têm sido camuflados pelo Estado para atender às demandas do capital financeiro. Nesse contexto, defende-se a importância de pensar os sujeitos que vivem na Caatinga a partir de suas singularidades, havendo, para isso, a necessidade de conceituar esse sujeito como camponês caatingueiro por reconhecer que o seu modo de vida, em seus diferentes aspectos (culturais, sociais e econômicos), difere significativamente dos sujeitos denominados de sertanejos . Com a inserção do agronegócio da manga no município, presenciou-se profundas transformações nas relações de trabalho no campo, como a quase extinção de relações não capitalistas de produção (parceria e meação), ao passo que houve uma intensificação do assalariamento. A exploração de camponeses e trabalhadores que mesmo morando na cidade voltam ao campo para trabalhar tem aumentado, sendo que a presença dos empreiteiros gatos tem contribuído, sobremodo, para que isso ocorra. Estes trabalhadores ocupam-se temporariamente em atividades nas lavouras, galpões e Packing houses, em sua maioria, sem ter garantidos os direitos trabalhistas, haja vista que trabalham como boias-frias e diaristas, sem registro em carteira e sob condições precárias de trabalho.

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The lives of women are largely hidden in the Old Testament. New archaeological investigationsinto the households of Iron Age I have brought forward new evidence that sheds light on theauthority status and roles of women in the pre-monarchic tribal community. Conventional theory perceives that women were always oppressed and marginalised under a malevolentsystem of male rule in the Bible. The evidence indicates differently. Investigations in thedomestic sphere, where the household processes were under women’s control and management, imply that women held authority that was equal to male power in the public domain. It has been revealed that women held significant positions in the public sphere as well.This study, therefore, is an investigation into women’s status and the wide-ranging socioeconomicand religious roles they held within a system of male rule that allowed women theirauthority and autonomy in a unique period of Israelite history. / Biblical and Ancient Studies / M. Th. (Biblical Archaeology)