The degeneration and decay of urban areas is a result of a combination of factors that lead to the downward spiraling of the performance of the economy concerned, the quality of life of citizens residing in the area, a lack of investor confidence, and environmental degradation and vice versa. The purpose of this study was to determine if South Beach, Durban, is blighted, what the causes of blight in the area are, how the existing blight can be eliminated and if it requires an urban renewal intervention. Through various methods, such as mapping, observation studies, questionnaire surveys, and interviews, it was determined that certain areas of South Beach are in a state of economic, physical and social decline. The decay of the case study area is occurring in pockets, with a greater concentration on Point Road. The decay of the region is due to a culmination of contributive elements that are slowly leading towards a blighted neighbourhood. Forms of blight that have been noted in the case study area are physical, functional, frictional and economic. This is partially because land-uses are incompatible, there are several vacant sites and empty buildings, the area lacks green spaces, and there are also several irregular-shaped sites. Other factors contributing to the blight of the area are the land-uses of South Beach, which are not in keeping with what was the original intent, i.e. what the area was zoned for. This has also given rise to blight in the case study area. South Beach's deterioration and urban decay is due to many factors, including poor maintenance and the mismanagement of buildings, poor co-ordination between key role-players and stakeholders, a lack of urban management, unsafe areas, and a lack of the private sectors' contribution. In order to reduce the spread of the various forms of blight evident in the area, the South Beach case study area requires an urban renewal intervention. Urban renewal of the area is required to attract investment; to create an environment that is aesthetically simiiar to, and works in conjunction with the new uShaka Island and Marine Theme Park, attractions at North Beach, Suncoast Casino and Entertainment World; and to position itself as an active role-player within the Golden Triangle of Suncoast, uShaka Island and the International Convention Centre. Recommended methods of renewal are aimed at sustainability and the rehabilitation, conservation, and revitalisation of the area. There is a need to collaborate strongly with the private sector in order to renew South Beach. The collaboration will increase the confidence levels of both domestic, as well as foreign investors. Other recommendations for the sustainable urban renewal of South Beach include the proper urban management of the case study area, management of the buildings, incentives provision to the respective stakeholders, and ongoing public participation processes. By-laws also need to be passed to ensure that the area is properly renewed and that it will be sustainable over the long-term. South Beach does require an urban renewal intervention in certain areas that will address the physical, social and economic spheres of the case study area. In order for the area to be renewed in a sustainable, transparent and equitable manner, all stakeholders must be equally represented and their views taken into account in the planning, implementation and monitoring phases of the renewal of South Beach. / Thesis (M.T.R.P.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-06-08T18:38:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcoCruz.pdf: 12609482 bytes, checksum: c848b79ad97981d332cc870f4a7f2fbf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-08T18:38:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcoCruz.pdf: 12609482 bytes, checksum: c848b79ad97981d332cc870f4a7f2fbf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / This is a study of the symbolic boundaries set by city dwellers in the contemporary public social space of beaches located in the Litorânea Avenue in the city of São Luís. The historical formation in which passed the structure of the São Luís urban space is also investigated, from the earliest inhabitants Indians that we know at the time of the Portuguese conquest, through the pioneering core of European origin, even in the form of military camp, later succeeded by market town of palaces in Downtown Praia Grande, to which industries were added at the end of the nineteenth century, to the metropolis with modern layout extended northward. It is understood that, although located on the sea line, the inhabitants did not conceive the city as coastal. It is noted that, until the first half of the twentieth century, the expansion of the urban area was facing the interior of the island. The consequences and peculiarities of this change process in the city’s expansion vector are then analyzed, with the examination of resources trigged by its inhabitants in interactional settings that result in socio symbolic incorporation of the physical spaces of the waterfront, into the daily urban dynamics. Through a literature review some concepts are examined, such as city, space, place, interaction, sociability, considering in an interactionist theoretical perspective actions that elapses in the public social space. Finally, in a case study, through direct observation and interviews, are investigated the courses of the interactions on the beaches of São Marcos, Calhau and Olho-D’água, located on the north coast, on the perimeter of the Litorânea Avenue – iconic route for access to the beaches – where elapses the contemporary forms of sociability seaside. Thus, the links between city dwellers are comprehended, which allow reframing meanings on the articulated physical, interactional and social spaces on the northern coastline of São Luís. / Este é um estudo sobre as fronteiras simbólicas estabelecidas pelos citadinos no espaço social público contemporâneo das praias localizadas na Avenida Litorânea na cidade de São Luís. É investigada a formação histórica do espaço urbano de São Luís, desde os primeiros habitantes índios que se tem notícia ao tempo da conquista portuguesa, passando pelo núcleo pioneiro de origem europeia, ainda em forma de acampamento militar, posteriormente sucedido pela cidade mercantil dos palacetes do Centro na Praia Grande, à qual foram agregadas indústrias ao final do século XIX, até a urbe com o traçado moderno que se estende para o norte. Entende-se que, apesar de situada na linha do mar, os habitantes não concebiam a cidade como litorânea. Note-se que, até a primeira metade do século XX, a ampliação do perímetro urbano era voltada para o interior da ilha. São então analisadas as particularidades e as consequências deste processo de mudança no vetor de expansão da cidade, com o exame dos recursos acionados por seus habitantes em configurações interacionais que resultam na incorporação sociossimbólica dos espaços da orla norte ao cotidiano da dinâmica urbana. São examinados, por meio de revisão de literatura, conceitos como cidade, espaço, lugar, interação, sociabilidade, considerando-se em uma perspectiva teórica interacionista as ações que transcorrem no espaço social público. Ao final, em estudo de caso, por meio de observação direta e de entrevistas, são investigados os cursos das interações nas praias de São Marcos, Calhau e Olho-D’água, localizadas no litoral norte, no perímetro da Avenida Litorânea – icônica via para o acesso às praias – onde transcorrem as modalidades contemporâneas de sociabilidades praianas. Assim, são apreendidos os vínculos entre os citadinos, que permitem ressignificar os articulados espaços físico, interacional e social na orla costeira norte de São Luís.

Hatchling disorientation after emergence is a major factor impacting sea turtle populations. This study utilized data from over 1,200 Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) Marine Turtle Disorientation Report forms from years 2006 to 2011 to assess changes in the severity and locations of disorientation events and the impact of municipal beach lighting ordinances. While the FWC forms were completed for all sea turtle species observed, this study focused only on loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). A Disorientation Severity Index (DSI) was derived from the number of hatchlings and the direction of their tracks leaving the nests to evaluate the changes in disorientation over six years in Broward County. The FWC forms provide a much larger database for the analysis of hatchling disorientation patterns and trends than can be derived from the more precise, but labor intensive, Hatchling Orientation Index (HOI) survey method of Witherington et al. (1996). This research differs from prior work by focusing on the information provided in the FWC Marine Turtle Disorientation Report forms; using each individual disorientation to assess changes in the severity of hatchling disorientations over time. Prior work has not used the FWC forms for analysis. Significant differences were found for average DSI between years and locations. Overall, DSI decreased significantly from 2006 to 2011 in Hillsboro Beach, Pompano Beach, Lauderdale-by-the-Sea, Fort Lauderdale, and Hollywood. This might be due to increased compliance with lighting ordinances. In addition, disorientation hotspots were identified and the DSI in these hotspots decreased significantly in central and south Fort Lauderdale, Pompano Beach, and Lauderdale-by-the-Sea. Hotspots were visually identified as R-Zone ranges with higher numbers of disorientations than in other ranges (Fig. 6). Artificial beach illumination is very prevalent in Broward County. However, there was no significant relationship between the number of types of lights that were recorded on the FWC forms and DSI. Disorientations seemed to be clustered within hotspots with known lighting issues. Management strategies should use these analyses to reassess loggerhead recovery plans to reduce disorientation hotspots and increase hatchling recruitment.

No description available.

Debatten om strandskydd har varit ett aktuellt ämne sedan riksdagen antog den första permanenta strandlagen år 1953. Sveriges 290 kommuner och 21 regioner innehar varierande geografiska förutsättningar och ställs inför olika utmaningar. Landsbygdens krympande utveckling gav upphov till framväxten av LIS men har framväxten av LIS bidragit till en ökad strandnära bebyggelse? Utbytet mellan stad och land är idag mer intensivt än tidigare. Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar utvecklingen av strandnära bebyggelse och skapa förståelse varför det byggs fler strandnära byggnader på olika geografiska platser. Vidare syftar uppsatsen till att kartlägga den strandnära bebyggelsen i Sveriges samtliga 290 kommuner och 21 regioner för år 2018. Syftet har resulterat i följande frågeställningar: Hur ser utbredningen av strandnära bebyggelse ut i Sveriges kommuner och regioner och var är strandnära bebyggelse mest koncentrerat? Vilka faktorer påverkar strandnära bebyggelse? Har utpekandet av LIS-områden bidragit till mer strandnära bebyggelse? För att besvara frågeställningarna genomfördes en totalundersökning med den kvantitativa metoden sekundäranalys av offentlig statistik. Studiens kartläggning av strandnära bebyggelse år 2018 visade att det byggdes mest i städer och i anslutning till städer med pendlingsavstånd. Om hänsyn till demografin och befolkningsmängden beaktades visade studien att det byggdes mest på landsbygden. Studien visade att faktorerna geografisk komposition, antal sjöar och antal kilometer strandlinje påverkar hur mycket det byggs i strandnära läge medan faktorn politisk styre inte hade någon påverkan. Vidare visade studien att kommuner med utpekade LIS-områden inte har påverkat eller bidragit till en ökad strandnära bebyggelse i jämförelse med kommuner som inte har utpekade LIS-områden. / The debate on shoreline protection has been a topical issue since the Swedish Parliament adopted the first permanent law of shoreline protection in 1953. Sweden's 290 municipalities and 21 regions have varying geographical conditions and are faced with various challenges.The shrinking development of rural areas gave rise to the growth of LIS, but does the emergence of LIS contribute to an increase in beach development? The exchange between city and countryside is more intense today than before. The essay aims to investigate which factors affect beachfront development and create an understanding of why more beachfront buildings are being built in different geographical locations. Furthermore, the essay aims to analyze the beachfront development in all of Sweden's 290 municipalities and 21 regions for 2018. The purpose has resulted in the following issues: How does the distribution of beachfront buildings look like in Sweden's municipalities and regions, and where is beachfront development most concentrated? What factors affect beachfront development? Has the designation of LIS-areas contributed to more beachfront development? To answer the following issues, a comprehensive survey was conducted by using the quantitative method secondary analysis of official statistics. The study's survey of beachfront development in 2018 showed that it was built mostly in cities and connected to cities with commuting distances. If the demographic and population is taken into consideration, the study showed that it was built mostly in the countryside. The study showed that the factors geographical composition, number of lakes, and number of kilometers of shoreline affect the number of buildings close to the beach, while the factor political governance did not affect. Furthermore, the study showed that municipalities with designated LIS-areas have not affected or contributed to increased beachfront development, in comparison with municipalities that do not have designated LIS-areas.