Mental health is an ever-growing crisis among adolescents and young adults, with suicide as second leading cause of death and the number of those negatively affected continually on the rise. Transitions are one of the major stressors prevalent among these age groups, placing individuals at risk for mental health deficits. This quantitative voluntary response comparative study assesses the transitional mental health of pre-nursing students and students in the nursing program at East Tennessee State University. Emailed to all with a declared major of pre-nursing or nursing, this study measured mental health using evidenced based assessment tools. The PHQ-9 for depression and the GAD-7 for anxiety, along with additional demographic information and mental health service usage questions, was sent to and completed by participants. A total of n = 173 responses were received. Of these responses n = 99 or 57.2 percent were nursing students, a participation rate of 9.6 percent, and n = 74 or 42.8 percent were pre-nursing students. The research revealed that depression and anxiety scores were above the cutoff for moderate depression and anxiety in both groups, as well as identified a deficit in availability of mental health resources, with over 10 percent of students unable to access counseling or psychiatric services. Contraindicatory to literature, which predicted improving mental health in the progression through university studies, this study reveals a variable and even worsening trajectory of mental health as students transition into the nursing program and progressed through college.

Screening for emotional and behavioral problems in youth is a well-validated process for elementary-aged children as notable and respected research has provided evidence that children at risk for behavioral and emotional problems can be identified and provided with targeted interventions, which prevent additional problems (Lane, Wehby, & Barton-Arwood, 2005). However, there is a lack of research offering evidence for a behavioral and emotional screening process for high school students. Identifying at-risk youth is a vital component in providing early-intervention services that can remediate problems before they become severe and require resource intensive interventions. This research contributes to the development of a screening measure based on a validated multi-gated screening process for use in high schools. The new measure will be adapted from the Stage 1 of the Systematic Screening for Behavior Disorders (SSBD; Walker & Severson, 1992) used in elementary schools to identify students who are at risk for developing emotional and behavioral disorders. Descriptors of students at-risk for emotional and behavior disorders from Schilling (2009) and a review of items used from common behavior rating scales were used to create a teacher nomination form that will serve as a first gate in the multi-gated screening process. The appropriateness of the descriptors for the teacher nomination form was evaluated by teachers in high schools.

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The current study is the first repeated-measures design exploring the impact of child-centered play therapy (CCPT), an evidence-based child psychotherapy intervention, on autistic children's social-emotional assets, and emotional and behavioral problems across four times during intervention based on teacher reports. Participants consisted of 19 autistic children recruited from two Title-1 elementary schools in the southwest United States who were aged between 5 years and 8.25 years (M = 6.22, SD = .91), presented with varied levels of cognitive functioning and speech and language abilities. Over 60% of participants were identified by their parents as children of color. Results indicated participants' increased time in CCPT predicted statistically significant improvement in social-emotional assets measured by Social-Emotional Assets and Resilience Scales-Teacher (SEARS-T) total score with a large effect size. Results also indicated participants' increased time in CCPT predicted a statistically significant reduction in emotional and behavioral problems of irritability, social withdrawal, and hyperactivity/ noncompliance, measured by Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Second Edition (ABC- 2), with large effect sizes. Findings of this study revealed substantive changes in social-emotional assets as early as 8 CCPT sessions, and reduction of emotional and behavioral concerns as early as 12 CCPT sessions. Clinical significance, implications for practice, and limitations of the study are discussed.

The changes in emotivity and behavior are common after acquired brain injury, which complicates the readaptation of an individual to his environment. Compared to cognitive problems, these changes are not so greatly regarded because their complexity requires care in the context of its special neuropsychological treatment. The objective of the theoretical part of this thesis was to elucidate the issue of acquired brain injury and summarize current knowledge and experience in the field of therapeutic work with this specific group of people. The aim of the empirical part of this thesis was to design an appropriate educationally based preventive program that would focus on the experience of personality change after ABI. The goal of this program was to provide patients with information about the usual consequences of ABI and to provide a place to share the problems they experience. The effectiveness of this program was measured via the European Brain Injury Questionnaire (EBIQ) and the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (ZSDS). The results were compared in the experimental group (N=30) before and after the completion of the program and in the control group (N=30). In the group that undertook the intervention, the EBIQ-P showed significant improvement in the subscale Physical. The ZSDS results showed...

Introdução: A precocidade da iniciação do uso de substâncias psicoativas (SPAs) por adolescentes é uma preocupação constante, visto que pode aumentar o risco de dependência futura, além de estar associada a uma série de comportamentos de risco, como acidentes, violência sexual e participação em gangues. Neste sentido, a literatura indica que a família pode atuar como fator de risco e/ou proteção e/ou prevenção da iniciação desse uso. Entretanto, especificidades dessa interação ainda necessitam estudos, especialmente na adolescência. Objetivo: Caracterizar a relação entre o perfil de consumo de SPAs, as dimensões da coparentalidade (cooperação, conflito e triangulação) e do conflito pais-filhos em problemas emocionais e de comportamento em adolescentes. Método: Estudo explicativo, de caráter quantitativo e de corte transversal. De uma amostra de N=126 adolescentes estudantes de escolas públicas com idade entre 12 e 18 anos incompletos. Utilizou-se na coleta de dados os seguintes instrumentos: Questionário sócio-biodemográfico, Escala de avaliação da coesão familiar (Faces III), Escala de Conflito Pais-filho (ECPF), Escala de Coparentalidade para Pais e Adolescentes (CI-PA), Inventário de Auto Avaliação de Jovens de 11 a 18 anos (YSR, Youth Self-Report) e o ASSIST (Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test). Os dados foram analisados por meio do programa estatístico SPSS, considerando o nível de significância de 5% (p≤0,05), através de análises descritivas e inferenciais. Resultados: Constatou-se que quase metade (49,2%) dos adolescentes pesquisados indicou já ter feito uso de álcool e 8,7% de tabaco. Constatou-se que o uso de álcool correlacionou-se a conflitos com a mãe relacionados a “sair a noite” (r=0,289; p<0,001). O uso de maconha correlacionou-se com conflito com o pai relacionado ao “uso de drogas” (r=0,582; p<0,001). Também observou-se que o uso de maconha pelo adolescente estava correlacionado a maior intensidade do conflito com pai, caracterizado por “discutir intensamente ou gritar” (r=0,538; p<0,001) e “bater ou atirar coisas um no outro” (r= 0,912; p<0,001). Os preditores mais robustos para o consumo de álcool pelos adolescentes foram as variáveis relacionadas ao pai. Observou-se que a cooperação coparental do pai foi negativa, sendo protetora para consumo de álcool. Enquanto a intensidade do conflito do adolescente com o pai e o conflito coparental do pai com a mãe revelaram-se positivos. Conclusão: Em conjunto, esses resultados sugerem que existe relação entre uso de SPAs e problemas familiares. Além disso, podem indicar que a família que exerce a coparentalidade com coerência tem função de proteção para problemas emocionais e de comportamentos em adolescentes, bem como do uso de SPAs. / Introduction: The early initiation of psychoactive substances (PAS) use by adolescents is a constant concern, since it increases the risk of future dependence, being also associated with several risk behaviors, such as accidents, sexual violence and gang involvement. In this sense, the literature indicates that the family can act as a protection and / or prevention factor from this early use. However, specificities of this interaction still require studies, especially in adolescence. Objective: To characterize the relationships among the consumption profile of PAS, the dimensions of coparenting (cooperation, conflict and triangulation) and parent-child conflict in psychological symptoms and emotional and behavioral problems in adolescents. Method: explanatory, quantitative and cross-sectional study. From a sample of N = 126 adolescent students from public schools aged between 12 and 18 incomplete years. The following instruments were used in the data collection: Socio-biodemographic questionnaire, Family Coevaluation Scale (Faces III), Parent-Child Conflict Scale (PCCS), Coparenting Inventory for Parent and Adolescents (CI-PA), Youth Self-Report (YSR) and ASSIST (Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test). Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical program, considering the significance level of 5% (p≤0.05). Results: It was found that almost half (49.2%) of the adolescents surveyed indicated they had already used alcohol, while 8.7% had consumed tobacco. Alcohol use was correlated with conflicts with the mother over "go out at night" (r = 0.289, p <0.001). Marijuana use correlated with father-related conflict over "drug use" (r = 0.582, p <0.001). Adolescent marijuana use was also correlated with a higher intensity of conflict with the father, characterized by "loudly arguing or yelling" (r = 0.538, p <0.001) and "hitting or throwing things at each other" (r = 0.912, p <0.001). The most robust predictors of adolescent alcohol consumption are the variables related to the father. It was observed that father's coparenting is negative, being protective for alcohol consumption. While the intensity of the adolescent's conflict with the father and the coparental conflict between father and mother are positive. Conclusion: These results altogether suggest that there is a relationship between the use of PAS and family problems. They also may indicate that the family that exercises coparenting with coherence has the function of protecting adolescents from psychological and behaviors problems, as well as from the use of PAS.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2016-08-18T11:54:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doralice Oliveira Pires Dias.pdf: 4565812 bytes, checksum: 14c7448cb864225bccf312823733250c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T11:54:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Doralice Oliveira Pires Dias.pdf: 4565812 bytes, checksum: 14c7448cb864225bccf312823733250c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-16 / Obesity is associated with physical inactivity and with high consumption of hyper caloric foods. In children, this disease, shows to be correlated with internalizing behavioral problems and, in addition, causes damage to most organic systems. The group of educational practices (Parental Styles) can reduce or increase the risk of children’s overweight. Family based behavioral treatments for overweight have been developed for over 25 years and short and long term results of these have show their efficacy. The purpose of this study was to build a child-oriented group intervention program and evaluate which of two family roles – mediator (the person aids in the loss of weight) or participant (when the person loses weight) – shows to be the most effective in the reduction of Body Mass Index (BMI). Thirty children with percentile 85 and ages between 8 and 12 years, and 26 caregivers with BMIs 25 participated in the study. The results showed that the children with mediator caregivers followed rules better and reduced their BMI the most. Playful strategies favored motivation and participation in the interventional multidisciplinary approach, which indicates the importance of the implanting programs that are appropriate to the child´s language. The second study evaluated eating habits and their relation to the Body Mass Index BMI) of 12 overweight children, ages 7 to 12 years, who participated in a psycho-educational multidisciplinary intervention program for children and their caregivers. The effects of two different types of the caregiver participation: either as a mediator or as a participant in the eating habits of children. Healthy and non-healthy option of food and drinks were offered in nine sacks. The results showed a higher consumption of non-healthy foods in all snacks. However, the children that reduced their BMI during the multidisciplinary intervention ate more healthy foods than the ones that did not lose weight, though they continued to eat non-healthy foods as well. Children from the mediator groups ate more healthy foods. Correlations between social competence and behavioral problems of caregivers and children, BMI and adherence of children were addressed in the third study. Results show a significant relationship between the child’s internalization of behavioral problems and the BMI as well as a relationship between the child’s and the caregivers behavioral problems. It is suggested that the child’s behavioral problem is a mediating variable between the caregivers behavioral problem and the child’s BMI, therefore becoming necessary the development interventions on the overweight problem which deal with the behavioral problems of both. The fourth study, finally verified through the Inventário de Estilos Parentais (IEP), the parental styles of 18 caregivers. These were divided into two groups: participants and the mediators. Changes in the caregivers parental practices after the implantation of the multidisciplinary program were also evaluated. We also verified correlations between parental style and the child’s BMI. Overall, in the initial IEP there was a prevalence of the Physically Abusive parental style. No significant statistical correlation was found between child’s BMI and parental styles. After the program the mediator caregivers showed better results at the final IEP. / A obesidade está associada com sedentarismo e com alto consumo de alimentos hipercalóricos. Em crianças, essa doença, demonstra estar correlacionada com problemas de comportamento internalizantes, além de acarretar prejuízos à maioria dos sistemas orgânicos. O conjunto de práticas educativas (Estilos Parentais) pode reduzir ou aumentar o risco de sobrepeso infantil. Tratamentos comportamentais do excesso de peso baseados na família têm sido desenvolvidos há mais de 25 anos e os resultados a curto e longo prazo mostram sua eficácia. Diante disso, foram desenvolvidos quatro estudos. O objetivo do primeiro estudo foi construir um programa de intervenção grupal voltado para a criança e avaliar qual dos dois papéis familiares – mediador (auxiliar no emagrecimento das crianças) ou participante ( quando há do próprio emagrecimento) - demonstra ser mais eficaz na redução do IMC. Participaram do estudo 30 crianças com percentil 85e idades entre 7 e 12 anos e 26 cuidadores com índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) 25. Os resultados mostraram que as crianças com cuidadores mediadores foram as melhores seguidoras de regras e as que mais reduziram o IMC. Estratégias lúdicas favoreceram a motivação e a adesão à proposta interventiva multidisciplinar, o que indica a importância da implantação de programas apropriados à linguagem da criança. O segundo estudo avaliou o consumo alimentar e a relação desse consumo com a redução do IMC de doze crianças acima do peso, com idades entre 7 e 12 anos, que participaram de uma intervenção psicoeducativa multidisciplinar para cuidadores e crianças. Buscou se também verificar os efeitos de dois tipos diferentes de participação dos cuidadores, isto é, como mediadores ou como participantes no consumo alimentar dessas crianças. Os resultados mostraram maior consumo de alimentos não saudáveis em todos os lanches. Contudo, as crianças que reduziram o IMC durante a intervenção multidisciplinar consumiram mais alimentos saudáveis do que aquelas que não emagreceram, apesar de continuarem ingerindo alimentos não saudáveis. As crianças do grupo de mediadores consumiram mais alimentos saudáveis. Correlações entre competência social e problemas de comportamento de cuidadores e crianças, IMC e adesão das crianças foram abordadas no terceiro estudo. Os resultados mostraram relações significativas entre problemas de comportamento internalizantes das crianças e seu IMC, e relações entre problemas de comportamento de cuidadores e de crianças. Sugere-se que o problema de comportamento das crianças seja uma variável mediacional entre o problema de comportamento dos cuidadores e o IMC das crianças, sendo assim necessário o desenvolvimento de intervenções para o excesso de peso que intervenham nos problemas de comportamento de ambos. O quarto estudo, por fim, verificou através do Inventário de Estilos Parentais (IEP ), os estilos parentais de 18 cuidadores, divididos em dois grupos: participantes e mediadores. Buscou-se, também, verificar mudanças em relação às práticas parentais dos cuidadores devido à implantação do programa multidisciplinar. Por fim, investigou-se a existência de correlações entre estilos parentais e IMC das crianças. Sobre correlação entre IMC das crianças e estilos parentais, não foi verificada nenhuma relação estatisticamente significativa. Verificou-se, após o programa, que cuidadores mediadores apresentaram melhores resultados no IEP final.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:30:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Paula Justo.pdf: 4567415 bytes, checksum: 5b01c60ab6a86faef9dd5007e70dd6b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas / Adolescence is a period of life when individuals are vulnerable to stress and the development of emotional and behavioral problems, but which can be changed with coping strategies and a temperament based on self-regulation. This dissertation was based on a developmental perspective and analyzed the role of temperament and coping as mediator and moderator variables in the relationships among stressors/stress and emotional and behavioral problems (BP), as well as internalizing (IP) and externalizing (EP) problems experienced by adolescents. The study s participants were 83 adolescents (67.47% girls), aged between 12 and 15 years old (M = 13.65); 38.55% were attending the 7th grade and 61.45% were in the 8th grade of a public school in a medium-sized city in the state of S?o Paulo, Brazil. Brazil Criterion, an economic classification developed by ABEP, was applied together with the Youth Self-Report (YSR), the Adolescent Perceived Events Scale (APES); Escala de Estresse para Adolescentes [the Stress Scale for Adolescents]; Escala de Enfrentamento [the Coping Scale]; and the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire - Revised (EATQ-R). The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that adolescents with a higher a) number of stressors, b) level of stress, and c) level of extroversion were more likely to experience BP. Adolescents with a higher a) number of stressors and b) level of extroversion, and c) lower effortful control were those more likely to experience EP, while adolescents with a higher level of stress were more likely to experience IP. The structural equation analysis revealed that adolescents experiencing BP were a) male, b) with higher levels of stress, c) a greater number of stressors, d) higher levels of extroversion, and e) lower levels of affiliation. Adolescents with EP were those with a) higher levels of extroversion, b) lower effortful control, and c) a greater number of stressors, while those experiencing IP were male adolescents facing higher levels of stress. The analysis of structural equation indicated a mediation effect for control with effort and negative affect.Linear regression analysis indicated that the relationship between stress and BP was significant (moderation effect) among adolescents with lower effortful control, while the relationship between stress and EP was significant (moderation) for those with a smaller repertoire of coping strategies. It also showed that the relationship between stressors and BP was significant (moderation) among adolescents with low levels of extroversion. Understanding the processes involved in the development of psychopathologies among adolescents favors their prevention and the development of more efficacious interventions. / A adolesc?ncia ? um per?odo do ciclo vital vulner?vel ao estresse e ao desenvolvimento de problemas emocionais e de comportamento, os quais podem ser alterados pelos processos de enfrentamento (coping) e pelo temperamento, com base na autorregula??o. Com uma perspectiva desenvolvimentista, esta Tese analisou a fun??o do temperamento e do enfrentamento como vari?veis mediadoras e moderadoras na rela??o entre os estressores/estresse e os problemas emocionais e de comportamento [PC] e os problemas do tipo internalizante [PI] e externalizante [PE] nos adolescentes. Participaram 83 adolescentes (67,47% meninas), entre os 12 e os 15 anos de idade (M = 13,65), sendo que 38,55% cursavam o 8? Ano e 61,45% o 9? Ano do Ensino Fundamental, em uma escola p?blica de uma cidade de m?dio porte do Estado de S?o Paulo. Foram aplicados, em grupo, os Crit?rios de Classifica??o Econ?mica Brasil da ABEP; o Invent?rio de Autoavalia??o para Adolescentes (Youth Self-Report YSR); a Escala de Eventos Percebidos para Adolescentes (Adolescent Perceived Events Scale APES); a Escala de Estresse para Adolescentes; a Escala de Enfrentamento; e o Question?rio de Temperamento Adolescente Revisado Forma Completa (Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire Revised - EATQ-R). A an?lise de regress?o log?stica multivariada indicou que os adolescentes com um maior risco para a ocorr?ncia dos PC foram aqueles com maior: a) n?mero de estressores, b) n?vel de estresse, e c) n?vel de extrovers?o. J? os adolescentes com um maior risco para os PE foram aqueles com: a) maior n?mero de estressores, b) maior n?vel de extrovers?o, e c) menor n?vel de controle com esfor?o; e os adolescentes com maior risco para os PI foram aqueles com maior n?vel de estresse. As an?lises de equa??es estruturais indicaram que os adolescentes com PC foram aqueles com: a) maior n?vel de estresse, b) do sexo masculino, c) maior n?mero de estressores, d) maior n?vel de extrovers?o, e e) menor n?vel de afilia??o. J? os adolescentes com PE foram aqueles com: a) maior n?vel de extrovers?o, b) menor n?vel de controle com esfor?o, e c) maior n?mero de estressores, e os adolescentes com PI foram aqueles com maior n?vel de estresse e do sexo masculino. As an?lises de equa??es estruturais indicaram um efeito de media??o para o controle com esfor?o e para o afeto negativo. A an?lise de regress?o linear indicou que a rela??o entre o estresse e os PC foi mais significativa (efeito de modera??o) para os adolescentes com menor n?vel de controle com esfor?o, e a rela??o entre o estresse e os PE foi mais significativa (efeito de modera??o) para os adolescentes com menor repert?rio de fam?lias de enfrentamento. Tamb?m indicou que a rela??o entre os estressores e os PC foi mais significativa (efeito de modera??o) para os adolescentes com baixo n?vel de extrovers?o. A compreens?o dos processos envolvidos no desenvolvimento da psicopatologia, nos adolescentes, favorece a preven??o e a elabora??o de interven??es mais eficazes para esta popula??o.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:33:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tania Marsiglia.pdf: 346513 bytes, checksum: e01fe78dc8c05f563b637a5a843c8cf4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-09 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This study aims to identify the criteria used by teachers in the public school system to characterize behavioral problems of students because along with the problems being constantly mentioned by many teachers, a number of stereotypes have been created to explain behavior that falls outside the expectations of public schools. These stereotypes are designated: hyperactivity, attention disorders and disruptive conduct. Thus, research was done with elementary school teachers in Sao Paulo to discover what teachers consider problematic behavior, and find out how they classify the root of the problem and the criteria they use to arrive at their conclusions. This survey adopts the basic principles from critical theory, specifically the writings of Adorno and Horkheimer to discover how industrial society affects the way teachers make judgement. The process used in the study was a questionnaire that uses a semantic differential scale whose focus is to identify teacher perception of inadequate behavior demonstrated by students. The questionnaire was given to teachers working in different grades, namely grades 5 and 8 in a public school in a district of Sao Paulo whose students are from various socioeconomic classes. The effects gives evidences that, facts as influence of the media and informations changed among teachers group itself, influence the concept that teachers built about youthful's behavior / Este estudo visa a identificar os critérios usados pelos professores da rede pública para caracterizar os problemas de comportamento dos alunos, uma vez que, além desses problemas serem apontados reiteradamente por muitos professores, têm sido disseminados, pelas redes de ensino, uma série de estereótipos para designar alunos que parecem não se adequar às normas escolares. Tais estereótipos são apontados como casos de hiperatividade, distúrbios de atenção e desvios de conduta. Assim, foi efetuada uma pesquisa com professores do segundo ciclo do Ensino Fundamental da rede pública de ensino de São Paulo, com o objetivo de se levantar as manifestações dos alunos consideradas como problemáticas pelos professores, bem como as possíveis caracterizações e classificações feitas por estes professores e os critérios que eles utilizam para isso. A pesquisa adota como conceitos básicos os extraídos da teoria crítica, especificamente os escritos de Adorno e Horkheimer, a fim de dimensionar o julgamento docente em uma sociedade industrial. O procedimento básico de pesquisa incide sobre a utilização de um questionário com escala de diferencial semântico, tendo como foco a percepção dos professores a respeito dos comportamentos dos alunos considerados como sendo comportamentos inadequados. A aplicação do questionário se direcionou a professores que atuam em séries distintas, sendo uma 5ª e outra 8ª série do Ensino Fundamental, em uma escola pública regular de um subdistrito de São Paulo que recebe alunos de classes sociais diferentes. Os resultados demonstraram que, fatores como a influência da mídia e a troca de informações entre o próprio corpo docente interferem na concepção que o professor constrói sobre os problemas de comportamento apresentados pelos alunos adolescentes